Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Korean Red Ginseng inhibits methamphetamine addictive behaviors by regulating dopaminergic and NMDAergic system in rodents

  • Lee, Bo-Ram (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Sung, Su-Jeong (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Hur, Kwang-Hyun (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Eon (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Ma, Shi-Xun (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Kyung (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Ko, Yong-Hyun (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Jung (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Youyoung (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Seok-Yong (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jang, Choon-Gon (Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2020.12.07
  • Accepted : 2021.05.13
  • Published : 2022.01.01
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Abstract

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is the most widely used psychostimulant and has been known to exhibit reinforcing effects even after long abstinence. We showed the inhibitory effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on METH-induced addictive behaviors in animal models mimicking the human drug-use pattern. Methods: We first investigated the effect of RGE on the acquisition of METH-induced dependence using self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests. Additionally, further experiments such as METH-induced motivational behavior and seeking behavior were conducted. To study the underlying mechanism, dopamine receptor, dopamine transporter, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor were assessed through Western blot analysis. Results: Treatment with RGE significantly reduced METH-induced self-administration on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. It could be also decreased a progressive ratio schedule, and inhibited METH-primed reinstatement. In CPP, RGE significantly prevented the development of METH-induced CPP. Moreover, RGE not only shortened the withdrawal period clearly, but also prevented the reinstatement of CPP. RGE treatment also reversed METH-induced overexpression of dopamine transporter, dopamine receptor D1, and NMDA receptor in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: Our findings reflect that RGE has therapeutic potential to suppress METH-induced addictive behaviors by regulating dopaminergic and NMDAergic system.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a 2018 grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng with funding from the Korea Ginseng Corporation.

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