Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Nasal Specimens: Overcoming MRSA with Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications

  • Aly E. Abo-Amer (Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University) ;
  • Sanaa M. F. Gad El-Rab (Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University) ;
  • Eman M. Halawani (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University) ;
  • Ameen M. Niaz (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University) ;
  • Mohammed S. Bamaga (Department of Molecular Pathology, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.08.04
  • Accepted : 2022.10.25
  • Published : 2022.12.28
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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of high mortality in humans and therefore it is necessary to prevent its transmission and reduce infections. Our goals in this research were to investigate the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Taif, Saudi Arabia, and assess the relationship between the phenotypic antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and the genes responsible for resistance. In addition, we examined the antimicrobial efficiency and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against MRSA isolates. Seventy-two nasal swabs were taken from patients; MRSA was cultivated on Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with methicillin, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted in addition to morphological and biochemical identification. Specific resistance genes such as ermAC, aacA-aphD, tetKM, vatABC and mecA were PCR-amplified and resistance plasmids were also investigated. The MRSA incidence was ~49 % among the 72 S. aureus isolates and all MRSA strains were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and cefoxitin. However, vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, mupirocin, and rifampicin were effective against 100% of MRSA strains. About 61% of MRSA strains exhibited multidrug resistance and were resistant to 3-12 antimicrobial medications (MDR). Methicillin resistance gene mecA was presented in all MDR-MRSA strains. Most MDR-MRSA contained a plasmid of > 10 kb. To overcome bacterial resistance, AgNPs were applied and displayed high antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect with penicillin. Our findings may help establish programs to control bacterial spread in communities as AgNPs appeared to exert a synergistic effect with penicillin to control bacterial resistance.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project (No. TURSP-2020/273), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The authors would also like to thank King Faisal Hospital for providing us with the samples.

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