Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monitoring and assessment of nutritional content in home meal replacements (HMRs)

가정간편식의 영양성분 함량 모니터링 및 평가

  • Lee, Sae Ram (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Sung Dan (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Su Un (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Young Ju (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Kyung Ah (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Na Young (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Hong, Mi Sun (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Sung Deuk (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Hwang, In Sook (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Yu, In Sil (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jeong, Jin Sook (Food Policy Division, Citizens' Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government) ;
  • Shin, Yong Seung (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
  • 이새람 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김성단 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김수언 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이영주 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이경아 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김나영 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 홍미선 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이성득 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 황인숙 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 유인실 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정진숙 (서울특별시 시민건강국 식품정책과) ;
  • 신용승 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2022.04.13
  • Accepted : 2022.05.25
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to analyze the nutritional contents (calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat, sugar, sodium and potassium) of home meal replacements (HMRs) and assess the total nutritional value of these meals. The energy, carbohydrate and sodium contents were highest in fried rice, and the percentage of the daily value (%DV) was also higher than 50%. In all HMRs, the sodium Index of Nutritional Qualities (INQs) was higher than one, but all sugar INQs were lower than one. Most of the energy contribution of the carbohydrates in fried rice, spaghetti and tteokbokki exceeded the recommended range, whereas protein and fat values were mostly under the recommended range in one-dish type lunchboxes and tteokbokki respectively. When applying the nutritional labeling requirements for food, a difference of 31% above or below the labeling standard indicates that continuous monitoring is needed. These results suggest that HMRs contain high levels of sodium and appear to be nutritionally imbalanced in part.

본 연구에서는 가정간편식으로 판매되고 있는 편의점도시락 50건과 볶음밥, 스파게티, 떡볶이 등의 즉석조리식품 50건에서 영양성분의 함량을 분석하고 제품의 표시사항과 비교하였다. 그 후 분석 결과를 바탕으로 1일 영양성분 기준치, 한국인 영양소 섭취 기준등과 비교하여 평가하였다. 식단별 영양성분의 함량은 열량, 탄수화물, 나트륨의 경우 볶음밥에서 높았으며 볶음밥의 나트륨 함량은 1,978 mg이었다. 지방, 단백질, 칼륨은 편의점도시락의 정식류에서 높게 나왔으며 당류는 떡볶이가 다른 식단에 비해 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 편의점 도시락의 경우 정식류가 일품음식류에 비해 열량, 단백질, 지방, 당류, 칼륨의 함량이 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 가정간편식 각 제품의 영양표시 대비 분석 함량을 비교한 결과 31%의 제품이 표시기준을 초과하거나 기준 미만이었다. 가정간편식의 영양평가 결과 모든 식단형태에서 나트륨의 %DV가 50% 이상, 볶음밥의 경우 최고 98.9%를 나타내었다. 전체 가정간편식의 나트륨 INQ가 1보다 높았으며 특히 떡볶이에서는 최고 2.6으로 열량 대비 권장량 이상 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 당류는 전체 가정간편식에서 1 미만으로 나타났다. 에너지적정비율(%)은 탄수화물의 경유 볶음밥(68%), 면류(56%), 떡볶이(100%)에서 상당부분 권장범위 이상에 해당하였다. 단백질의 경우 일품음식류에서 93%가 권장범위 미만이었으며 지방의 경우 떡볶이에서 전부 권장범위 미만이었다. 당류의 경우 대부분 권장범위내에 해당하였으나 면류의 경우 44%가 총 에너지의 10% 이상이었다. 나트륨 칼륨비는 WHO에서 권장한 1을 기준으로 하였을 때 전체 가정간편식에서 1을 초과하였으며 일품음식류, 떡볶이, 볶음밥에서 10 이상으로 나타났다. 연구결과 가정간편식은 열량대비 나트륨이 권장량 이상 함유되어 있으며 식단 형태별로 일부 영양성분에 있어 부족하거나 치중되어 있었다. 이에 영양을 충족시킬 수 있는 식사로 가정간편식을 이용할 수 있도록 소비자와 제조업체 모두의 노력이 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi JY, Park HR, Song KH, Kwon SY, Lee YM. Menu evaluation of meal boxes sold in Korean convenience stores. J. Food Nutr. Res. 6: 18-25 (2018) https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-6-1-4
  2. Cook NR, Obarzanek E, Cutler JA, Buring JE, Rexrode KM, Kumanyika SK. Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease: The trials of hypertension prevention follow-up study. Arch. Intern. Med. 169: 32-40 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.523
  3. Costa AIDA, Dekker M, Beumer RR, Rombouts FM, Jongen WM. A consumer-oriented classification system for home meal replacements. Food Qual. Prefer. 12: 229-242 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(01)00010-6
  4. Drewnowski A. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 721-732 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.4.721
  5. Kim YM, Choi MK. Assessment of the sugars contents in home meal replacement products sold in Korea. J. Korean Diet. Assoc. 26: 116-125 (2020) https://doi.org/10.14373/JKDA.2020.26.2.116
  6. Kim EK, Lee JS, Hong H, Yu CH. Association between glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary carbohydrates and diabetes from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005. Korean J. Nutr. 42: 622-30 (2009) https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.7.622
  7. Kim K, Yun SH, Choi BY, Kim MK. Cross-sectional relationship between dietary carbohydrate, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean population. Brit. J. Nutr. 100: 576-84 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508904372
  8. Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation (aT). Processed food detailed market status (home meal replacement). p. 5, Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation, Naju, Korea (2022)
  9. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Korea health statistics 2020: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VIII-2). Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Cheongju, Korea (2022)
  10. Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI). Corona 19 response agricultural and rural sector impacts and countermeasures. p. 167, Korea Rural Economic Institute, Naju, Korea (2020)
  11. Lee DY. Growth of food industry from change of consumers living environment: HMR market growth factor. Food Sci. Ind. 50: 33-38 (2017) https://doi.org/10.23093/FSI.2017.50.3.33
  12. Lee KI, Choi JW, Heo SY, Ban HJ, Lim SJ, Park IH and Kim TH. The consumer behavior survey for food 2015. Korea Rural Economic Institute. 451-505 (2015)
  13. Lee YS, Lee SY. The relationship between dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. Korean J. Health Promot. 20: 116-124 (2020) https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2020.20.3.116
  14. Lee SH, Lee SL. The effect of frequent use of convenience food from convenience stores on the diet quality of women's university students: using the nutrition quotient for korean adults. Korean J. Community Living Sci. 32: 581-598 (2021) https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2021.32.4.581
  15. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Enforcement Decree Of The Food Sanitation Act. Article 70-7, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea (2016)
  16. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Enforcement rule of the act on labeling and advertising of foods. Presidential Decree No. 29622, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea (2019a)
  17. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Lunchbox: get conveniently and enjoy healthy eating. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea, Available from: https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_99/view.do?seq=43480&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%9D%BD&srchTp=0&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&Data_stts_gubun=C9999&page=1 (2019b) Accessed Jun. 3, 2019b
  18. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Standards and specifications for food, partial amendment notice. Notification No. 2020-98, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea (2020)
  19. Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2020, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Sejong, Korea (2020)
  20. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Standards and specifications for food, partial amendment notice. Notification No. 2021-114, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea (2021a)
  21. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Labeling standards of foods, etc. Notification No. 2021-116, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea (2021b)
  22. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Food code. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea, Avaliable from: https://www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/foodcode (2021c) Accessed Nov. 24, 2021c
  23. Moon HK, Kong JE. Assessment of nutrient intake for middle aged with and without metabolic syndrome using 2005 and 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J. Nutr. 43: 69-78 (2010) https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.1.69
  24. Park YH, Chung SJ. A comparison of sources of sodium and potassium intake by gender, age and regions in Koreans: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012. Korean J. Community Nutr. 21: 558-573 (2016) https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.558
  25. Park JS, Han YH, Hyun TS. Evaluation of nutritional content in convenience store lunchboxes by meal type, price, and store brand. Korean J. Community Nutr. 25: 280-290 (2020) https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.4.280
  26. Park ES, Kim MH and Choi MK. Nutritional assessment focusing on minerals of ready-to-cook foods sold in Korea. J. East Asian Soc. Diet. Life 29: 501-510 (2019) https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2019.12.29.6.501
  27. Perez V, Chang ET. Sodium-to-potassium ratio and blood pressure, hypertension, and related factors. Adv. Nutr. 5: 712-741 (2014) https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.006783
  28. Shin GN, Kim YR, Kim MH. Nutritional evaluation of convenience meals in convenience stores near the universities. Korean J. Community Nutr, 22: 375-386 (2017) https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.375
  29. World Health Organization (WHO). Review and updating of current WHO recommendations on salt/sodium and potassium consumption. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2011)