Journal of Nutrition and Health

  • 제55권5호
  • /
  • Pages.523-532
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 2288-3886(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-3959(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준: 비타민 C

2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans: vitamin C

  • Park, Sunmin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University)
  • 투고 : 2022.08.09
  • 심사 : 2022.09.20
  • 발행 : 2022.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

비타민 C는 체내에서 중요한 항산화제 역할을 한다. 그러나 비타민 C와 다양한 대사 질환과의 관련성은 보고되었지만, 비타민 C의 섭취량, 체내 저장량, 항산화를 비롯한 체내 기능 사이의 관계를 용량-반응 관계를 연구한 것은 거의 없다. 따라서 비타민 C의 섭취 기준은 비타민 C 섭취량이 혈장 농도와 백혈구들의 포화도의 변화에 미치는 정도와, 이것이 항산화 능력과 대사성질환의 위험도에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 설정하였다. 2020 한국인 비타민 C 섭취 기준을 설정할 때 그 기준은 2015년의 설정 기준에서 변한 것은 없지만 연령별 표준체중의 변경을 반영하여 다시 계산하여 개정하였다. 2017년 이후부터 건강기능식품을 섭취하는 사람들이 증가하면서 비타민 C를 평균섭취량보다 적게 섭취하는 성인은 약 10%였으나, 청소년과 노인기에서는 평균섭취량보다 적게 섭취하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 비타민 C 보충제의 섭취량이 증가하고 있어서 비타민 C의 섭취가 과잉인 사람들의 비율도 증가하고 있다. 흡연자나 대사질환 등 만성 질환을 가진 사람들에서 비타민 C의 필요량 증가에 대한 별도의 기준을 정하는 것이 필요하다는 의견도 있지만, 이것을 뒷받침할 만한 과학적 근거가 부족하여 기준을 설정하지는 않았다. 결과적으로 추후 한국인을 대상으로 한 흡연자, 대사질환 환자에서 비타민 C의 섭취 기준을 설정에 관련된 연구와, 보충제로 인한 비타민 C의 과잉 섭취와 다른 영양소와의 상호 작용 등에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

Vitamin C is an important physiological antioxidant which neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces the oxidative stress in the body. Although it has been associated with various diseases, few studies have reported the dose-response relationship between vitamin C intake, storage and functions in the body, including its antioxidant function. The criteria to establish the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for vitamin C were based on the changes in plasma concentrations and saturation of leukocytes according to intake levels and the effects on antioxidant capacity and risk of metabolic diseases. When establishing the 2020 vitamin C KDRI, while there was no change in the criteria from those of 2015, the reference values were recalculated and revised to reflect changes such as the new standard weight by age. As the number of people consuming dietary supplements has increased over the last decade, only about 10% of adults consume less than the average total vitamin C, but the proportion of adolescents and elderly who consume less than the average is high. On the other hand, as the intake of vitamin C supplements increases, the proportion of people consuming excessive vitamin C is also increasing. There is a body of opinion that it is necessary to establish a vitamin C KDRI for smokers or people with chronic diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, but these standards have not been established due to the lack of supporting scientific evidence. As a result, studies to establish vitamin C KDRI for Korean smokers and patients with the metabolic syndrome, as well as studies on the excessive intake of vitamin C due to supplementation and interactions with other nutrients, are needed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Maxfield L, Crane JS. Vitamin C Deficiency. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2022.
  2. Jacob RA, Sotoudeh G. Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. Nutr Clin Care 2002; 5(2): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.00005.x
  3. Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, Riordan HD, Hewitt SM, Katz A, et al. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140(7): 533-537. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010
  4. Park S, Kim K, Lee BK, Ahn J. A healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin C is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults from the KNHANES 2013-2017. Nutrients 2021; 13(4): 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041312
  5. Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Lee BK, Kim MS, Park S. Association between Korean-style balanced diet and risk of abdominal obesity in Korean adults: an analysis using KNHANES-VI (2013-2016). Front Nutr 2022; 8: 772347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.772347
  6. Park S, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Kim SH, Kim MS. Interactions between polygenic risk scores, dietary pattern, and menarche age with the obesity risk in a large hospital-based cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13(11): 3772. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113772
  7. Liu M, Park S. A causal relationship between vitamin C intake with hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome risk: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Antioxidants 2022; 11(5): 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050857
  8. Park S, Ham JO, Lee BK. Effects of total vitamin A, vitamin C, and fruit intake on risk for metabolic syndrome in Korean women and men. Nutrition 2015; 31(1): 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.011
  9. Kim SH. Trends in Food and Nutrient Intake of High School Students based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2015. Korean J Food Nutr 2020; 33(5): 447-458.
  10. Levine M, Wang Y, Padayatty SJ, Morrow J. A new recommended dietary allowance of vitamin C for healthy young women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98(17): 9842-9846. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.171318198
  11. Jacob RA. Classic human vitamin C depletion experiments: homeostasis and requirement for vitamin C. Nutrition 1993; 9(1): 74, 85-86.
  12. Morelli MB, Gambardella J, Castellanos V, Trimarco V, Santulli G. Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease: an update. Antioxidants 2020; 9(12): 1227-1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121227
  13. Oreopoulos DG, Lindeman RD, VanderJagt DJ, Tzamaloukas AH, Bhagavan HN, Garry PJ. Renal excretion of ascorbic acid: effect of age and sex. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12(5): 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1993.10718349
  14. Popovic LM, Mitic NR, Miric D, Bisevac B, Miric M, Popovic B. Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and neutrophil inflammatory response in acute and regular exercise. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015: 295497.
  15. Guo H, Ding J, Liu Q, Li Y, Liang J, Zhang Y. Vitamin C and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8: 728880. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.728880
  16. Villagran M, Ferreira J, Martorell M, Mardones L. The role of vitamin C in cancer prevention and therapy: a literature review. Antioxidants 2021; 10(12): 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121894
  17. Moser MA, Chun OK. Vitamin C and heart health: a review based on findings from epidemiologic studies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(8): 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081328
  18. Johnstone AM, Murison SD, Duncan JS, Rance KA, Speakman JR. Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine but not sex, circulating leptin, or triiodothyronine. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(5): 941-948. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.5.941
  19. Newton HM, Schorah CJ, Habibzadeh N, Morgan DB, Hullin RP. The cause and correction of low blood vitamin C concentrations in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42(4): 656-659. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/42.4.656
  20. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2000.
  21. Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. London: Food Standards Agency; 2003.
  22. Johnston CS. Biomarkers for establishing a tolerable upper intake level for vitamin C. Nutr Rev 1999; 57(3): 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb06926.x
  23. Cameron E, Campbell A. The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. II. Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer. Chem Biol Interact 1974; 9(4): 285-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(74)90019-2
  24. Song SM, Park YS, Lee A, Cho YG, Kim DS, Lee HS, et al. Concentrations of blood vitamin A, C, E, coenzyme Q10 and urine cotinine related to cigarette smoking exposure. Korean J Lab Med 2009; 29(1): 10-16.
  25. Chow CK, Thacker RR, Changchit C, Bridges RB, Rehm SR, Humble J, et al. Lower levels of vitamin C and carotenes in plasma of cigarette smokers. J Am Coll Nutr 1986; 5(3): 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1986.10720134
  26. Trofin F, Ciobica A, Honceriu C, Cojocaru SI, Stoica B, Cojocaru D, et al. Modulatory effects of vitamin C on the relation between physical exercising and oxidative stress at young smokers. Rom Biotechnol Lett 2017; 22(2): 12439-12447.
  27. Del Bo' C, Porrini M, Campolo J, Parolini M, Lanti C, Klimis-Zacas D, et al. A single blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) portion does not affect markers of antioxidant defence and oxidative stress in healthy volunteers following cigarette smoking. Mutagenesis 2016; 31(2): 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gev079
  28. Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UC. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016; 148: 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002
  29. van 't Erve TJ, Kadiiska MB, London SJ, Mason RP. Classifying oxidative stress by F2-isoprostane levels across human diseases: a meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2017; 12: 582-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.024
  30. Park HJ, Byun MK, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Kim YI, Yoo KH, et al. Dietary vitamin C intake protects against COPD: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2012. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11: 2721-2728. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S119448
  31. Tsiligianni IG, van der Molen T. A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD. Respir Res 2010; 11(1): 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-11-171