Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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The necrotroph Botrytis cinerea promotes disease development in Panax ginseng by manipulating plant defense signals and antifungal metabolites degradation

  • Chen, Huchen (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University) ;
  • Zhang, Shuhan (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University) ;
  • He, Shengnan (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University) ;
  • A, Runa (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University) ;
  • Wang, Mingyang (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University) ;
  • Liu, Shouan (Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University)
  • Received : 2021.10.13
  • Accepted : 2022.03.29
  • Published : 2022.11.01
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Abstract

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is one of the most valuable medicinal plants which is enriched in anti-microbe secondary metabolites and widely used in traditional medicine. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes gray mold disease in a broad range of hosts. B. cinerea could overcome the ginseng defense and cause serious leaf and root diseases with unknown mechanism. Methods: We conducted simultaneous transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the host to investigate the defense response of ginseng affected by B. cinerea. The gene deletion and replacement were then performed to study the pathogenic gene in B. cinerea during ginseng - fungi interaction. Results: Upon B. cinerea infection, ginseng defense responses were switched from the activation to repression, thus the expression of many defense genes decreased and the biosynthesis of antifungal metabolites were reduced. Particularly, ginseng metabolites like kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin which could inhibit fungi growth were decreased after B. cinerea infection. B. cinerea quercetin dioxygenase (Qdo) involved in catalyzing flavonoids degradation and ∆BcQdo mutants showed increased substrates accumulation and reduced disease development. Conclusion: This work indicates the flavonoids play a role in ginseng defense and BcQdo involves in B. cinerea virulence towards the P. ginseng. B. cinerea promotes disease development in ginseng by suppressing of defense related genes expression and reduction of antifungal metabolites biosynthesis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31370689 and 32171801) and the Cross-Disciplinary Innovation Founding of Jilin University No. JLUXKJC2020313. We thanked Prof. Dr. Xinchao Wang (TRI, CAAS) for kindly provided pCAMBIA1303. We thanked Prof. Dr. Paul Tudzynski from University of Munster, for their kindly providing Botrytis cinerea strain B05.10.

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