DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

선분, 직선, 반직선의 학습 내용과 학습 계열 분석

Contents and Sequences for Line Segments, Straight Lines, and Rays in Elementary Mathematics Curricula and Textbooks

  • 투고 : 2023.11.08
  • 심사 : 2023.12.01
  • 발행 : 2023.12.31

초록

이 연구는 초등학교 수준에서 '선'의 학습 내용 즉, 선분, 직선, 반직선 등의 학습 내용과 학습 계열을 분석하였다. 수학과 교육과정 및 수학 교과서에서 1차부터 7차까지, 그 이후 2007 개정, 2009 개정, 2015 개정, 2022 개정에 이르기까지 각 시기에 선분, 직선, 반직선을 도입하는 시기와 그 표현을 통하여 학습 내용을 분석하였고, 그 학습 순서 및 활동 중점을 통하여 학습 계열을 분석하였다. 학습 내용의 도입 시기와 정의 방식의 변화 분석에서 본다면, 선분, 직선, 반직선을 주로 2차원 평면도형의 그 구성 요소로서 즉, 다각형의 변이나 각의 변으로서 다루어왔지만, 수학과 교과서에 비추어 볼 때 기초 도형으로서 선분, 직선, 반직선이라는 다양한 선을 탐색할 기회가 부족하였다. 둘째, 선분, 직선, 반직선의 정의에서 점과 선의 관계 설정 및 선들 사이의 관계 설정에 따라 개념 형성에 영향을 주며 이들을 비교하여 그 장단점을 교수학습 관련 연구 및 근거들이 요구된다. 셋째, 선분에서 곧은 선(최단거리)의 아이디어와 직선과 반직선에서 끝없이 나아가는 선(무한성)의 아이디어는 수학의 핵심적인 아이디어로서, 생활 주변의 여러 사물에서 선의 개념을 형성하고 점차 구체적인 선을 이상화하여 유클리드 기하의 도형으로 나아가도록 상상하고 경험하는 활동이 필요하다.

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the curricular progression of the concepts and learning sequences of 'lines', specifically, 'line segments', 'straight lines', and 'rays', at the elementary school level. By examining mathematics curricula and textbooks, spanning from 2nd to 7th and 2007, 2009, 2015, and up to 2022 revised version, the study investigates the timing and methods of introducing these essential geometric concepts. It also explores the sequential delivery of instruction and the key focal points of pedagogy. Through the analysis of shifts in the timing and definitions, it becomes evident that these concepts of lines have predominantly been integrated as integral components of two-dimensional plane figures. This includes their role in defining the sides of polygons and the angles formed by lines. This perspective underscores the importance of providing ample opportunities for students to explore these basic geometric entities. Furthermore, the definitions of line segments, straight lines, and rays, their interrelations with points, and the relationships established between different types of lines significantly influence the development of these core concepts. Lastly, the study emphasizes the significance of introducing fundamental mathematical concepts, such as the notion of straight lines as the shortest distance in line segments and the concept of lines extending infinitely (infiniteness) in straight lines and rays. These ideas serve as foundational elements of mathematical thinking, emphasizing the necessity for students to grasp concretely these concepts through visualization and experiences in their daily surroundings. This progression aligns with a shift towards the comprehension of Euclidean geometry. This research suggests a comprehensive reassessment of how line concepts are introduced and taught, with a particular focus on connecting real-life exploratory experiences to the foundational principles of geometry, thereby enhancing the quality of mathematics education.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009). Mathematics 2-1. Doosan. 
  2. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 2011-361 [supplement 8]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  3. Ministry of Education (1992). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 1992-16. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  4. Ministry of Education (1995). Mathematics 2-1. The National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  5. Ministry of Education (1997). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 1997-15 [supplement 8]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  6. Ministry of Education (2000). Mathematics 2-Ga. Chunjae Education. 
  7. Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (2007). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 2007-79 [supplement 2]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  8. Ministry of Education (2014). Mathematics 3-1. Chunjae Education. 
  9. Ministry of Education (2015). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 2020-225 [supplement 8]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  10. Ministry of Education (2018). Mathematics 3-1. Chunjae Education. 
  11. Ministry of Education (2022). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 2022-33 [supplement 8]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  12. Ministry of Education (1955). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 44. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  13. Ministry of Education (1963). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 119. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  14. Ministry of Education (1965). Arithmetic 3-2. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  15. Ministry of Education (1972). Arithmetic 3-1. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  16. Ministry of Education (1973). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 310. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  17. Ministry of Education (1973). Arithmetic 2-2. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  18. Ministry of Education (1981). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 442 [supplement 2]. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  19. Ministry of Education (1985). Arithmetic 2-1. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  20. Ministry of Education (1985). Arithmetic 3-1. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  21. Ministry of Education (1987). Mathematics curriculum. Notification of the Ministry of Education No. 87-9 [supplement 8].. Retrieved from https://ncic.re.kr/ 
  22. Ministry of Education (1989). Arithmetic 2-1. the National Political Textbook Co., Ltd. 
  23. Kim, S. (2018). Angle concepts and introduction methods of angles in elementary mathematics textbooks. Education of Primary School Mathematics, 21(2), 209-221. 
  24. Na, J. H. (2021). An analysis on qualitative research in mathematics education in Korea: Focusing on increasing validity in qualitative research. Communications of Mathematical Education, 35(1). 137-152. 
  25. Yi, G. (2021). Mathematical analysis and textbooks analysis of 'point' and 'line'. Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society 24(1), 39-57.  https://doi.org/10.30807/ksms.2021.24.1.003
  26. Jung, S. W. (2023). A study of two perspectives on straight lines, line segments, and rays and the properties of points [Master's thesis. Seoul National University]. 
  27. Choi, K., Kim, H. G., & Kim, D. (2011). A study on the content knowledge via analysis of elementary teachers' cognition about fundamental figures (point, line segment, angle). The Mathematical Education, 50(1), 27-40. 
  28. Clements, D. H. (2004). Teaching and learning geometry. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin, & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 151-178). NCTM. 
  29. Clements, D. H. & Sarama, J. (2009). Learning and teaching early math: The learning trajectories approach (3rd Edition). Routledge.
  30. Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSSI) (2010). Commom core state standards for mathematics(CCSSM). Retrieved from https://www.thecorestandards.org/Math/ 
  31. Ely, R. (2010). Nonstandard student conceptions about infinitesimals. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 41(2), 117-146.  https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.41.2.0117
  32. Euclid & Heath, T. Euclid's Elements. 이무현(역)(1998) 기하학원론. 교우사. 
  33. Henderson, D. W. & Taimina, D. (2010). Experiencing meanings in geometry. In N. Sinclair, D. Pimm and W. Higginson (Eds.), Mathematics and the aesthetic: New approaches to an ancient affinity (pp. 58-83). Springer Science+Business Media. 
  34. Goldenberg, E. P. & Clements, D. H. (2014). Developing essential understanding of geometry and measurement for teaching mathematics in Pre-K-Grade 2. NCTM. 류성림, 고정화, 김상미, 이종학 (공역)(2019). 기하와 측정의 필수 이해: 유아유치원-2학년. 경문사.
  35. Joyce, D. E. (1996). Euclid's Elements. Retrieved from http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/bookI.html#defs 
  36. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. NCTM. 
  37. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2014). Principles to actions: Ensuring mathematical success for all. NCTM. 
  38. Reys, R. E., Lindquist, M. M., Lambdin, D. V., & Smith, N. L. (2015). Helping children learn mathematics (11th Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 박성선, 김민경, 방정숙, 권점례 (공역)(2017). 초등교사를 위한 수학과 교수법. 경문사.
  39. Tall, D., & Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12(2), 151-169 
  40. Vinner, S. (1991), The role of definitions in the teaching and learning of mathematics, In D. Tall (Ed..), Advanced mathematical thinking. 65-79, Kluwer Academic Publisher. 류희찬, 조완영, 김인수(공역)(2003). 고등수학적 사고. 경문사.