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2016년에서 2018년의 소아 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 감염질환의 연령별 발생분포에 대한 연구

A Study on the Distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infectious Disease in Children from 2016 to 2018 According to Age

  • 최준형 (가톨릭대학교 소아과학교실, 가톨릭대학교 인천성모병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김기환 (가톨릭대학교 소아과학교실, 가톨릭대학교 인천성모병원 소아청소년과)
  • Junhyung Choi (Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Ki Hwan Kim (Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 투고 : 2020.11.15
  • 심사 : 2023.12.10
  • 발행 : 2023.12.25

초록

목적: 마이코플라즈마폐렴균은 비말감염을 통해 경한 상기도 감염부터 기관지염이나 폐렴까지 일으키는 주요 병원체이다. 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 감염의 호발 연령은 통상적으로 학동기로 알려져 있으나 연령이 어려지고 있다는 보고들이 있었다. 인천의 한 3차 병원에서 호흡기 감염증으로 입원한 환자들 중에서 마이코플라즈마폐렴 감염 환자의 최근 연령분포를 확인하고자 하였다. 또한 이들 진단된 환자들에서의 검사법에 따른 진단적 유용성의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 2016년 7월부터 2019년 2월까지 0세에서 18세 사이의 호흡기 감염질환 환자들 중 비인두 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 중합효소연쇄반응검사 또는 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 특이 IgM 항체 검사를 시행한 환자들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 감염의 진단은 중합효소연쇄반응검사 또는 특이 IgM 항체 양성인 경우로 하였다. 결과: 마이코플라즈마폐렴균에 대한 검사를 IgM 또는 중합효소연쇄반응검사를 시행한 환자는 총 2,721명이었다. 둘 중의 한 검사라도 시행한 사람 중에 2,197명이 IgM을, 1,144명이 중합효소연쇄반응검사를 하였고 각각 17%, 20%에서 양성이었다. IgM과 중합효소연쇄반응검사를 동시에 검사한 환자는 총 620명이었고 이 중 35%에서 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 감염이 확인되었고 1세 미만에서 14%, 1-2세 미만에서 13%에서 양성이었다. 나이가 많을수록 마이코플라즈마폐렴균 양성률이 두 검사에서 다 높게 나타났다. 3세 이전에 IgM 검사에서, 3세 이후에서 중합효소연쇄반응검사에서 양성률이 높았다. 두 검사의 일치율은 77.9% (Cohen's kappa 0.402)로 적당한 일치율을 보였다. 결론: 연령이 증가할수록 마이코플라즈마폐렴균의 양성률은 높아졌음을 알았고, 생후 2세 미만의 환자에서 검사법에 따라서 4-14% 정도의 감염을 확인할 수 있었다. 중합효소연쇄반응검사와 항체 검사의 일치도가 적당한 일치도를 보이고 있어 진단을 위해 처음부터 무분별하게 IgM 항체 검사와 중합효소연쇄반응 검사를 동시에 진행할 필요성이 낮음을 보여주고 있다.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the recent age distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with respiratory infections and the differences in diagnostic usefulness according to the methods used in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged ≤18 years with respiratory infectious diseases who underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) test between July 2016 and February 2019. The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed by a positive result in the PCR or IgM test. Results: Of the 2,721 patients tested for M. pneumoniae, 2,197 underwent IgM, and 1,144 underwent PCR, with positivity rates of 17% and 20%, respectively. Among the 620 patients tested for both IgM and PCR tests simultaneously, 35% had M. pneumoniae infection, with 14% under 1 year old and 13% under 1-2 years old. The positive rate increased with age in both tests. Higher positive rates were observed in the IgM test before 3 years of age and in the PCR test after 3 years of age. The agreement rate between the two tests was 77.9% (Cohen's kappa 0.402). Conclusions: As age increased, the rates of M. pneumoniae infection also increased. In patients under 2 years of age, 4¬-14% of infections were confirmed depending on the method used. The moderate agreement between the PCR and IgM tests suggests that the simultaneous use of PCR and the IgM test for the early diagnosis should be approached with caution.

키워드

참고문헌

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