The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Comparative Bioactivity of Emamectin Benzoate Formulations against the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

  • Jong-won, Lee (Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Abraham Okki, Mwamula (Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jae-hyuk, Choi (Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Ho-wook, Lee (Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yi Seul, Kim (Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jin-Hyo, Kim (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yong-hwa, Choi (School of Ecology and Environmental System, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Dong Woon, Lee (Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.08.24
  • Accepted : 2022.12.13
  • Published : 2023.02.01
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Abstract

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a well-known devastating pathogen of economic importance in the Republic of Korea and other countries. In the Republic of Korea, trunk injection of nematicides is the preferred method of control. In this study, the efficacy of 16 locally produced formulations of emamectin benzoate against the PWN are compared through determining their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials. Nematodes were treated with varying concentrations of the tested chemicals in multi-well culture plates, and rates of paralysis and mortality were determined after 24 h. Reproduction inhibition potential was tested by inoculating pre-treated nematodes onto Botrytis cinerea, and in pine twig cuttings. Despite the uniformity in the concentration of the active ingredient, efficacy was contrastingly different among formulations. The formulations evidently conformed to three distinct groups based on similarities in sublethal activity (group 1: LC95 of 0.00768-0.01443 mg/ ml; group 2: LC95 of 0.03202-0.07236 mg/ml, and group 3: LC95 of as high as 0.30643-0.40811 mg/ml). Nematode paralysis generally occurred at the application dose of 0.0134-0.1075 ㎍/ml, and there were significant differences in nematode paralysis rates among the products. Nematode reproduction was only evident at lower doses both on B. cinerea and pine twigs, albeit the variations among formulations. Group 1 formulations significantly reduced nematode reproduction even at a lower dose of 0.001075 ㎍/ml. The variations in efficacy might be attributed to differences in inert ingredients. Therefore, there is need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the large number of additives used in formulations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was carried out with the support of 'R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. "2021333D10-2223-CD02")' provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute).

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