Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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In silico investigation of Panax ginseng lead compounds against COVID-19 associated platelet activation and thromboembolism

  • Yixian, Quah (Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Yuan Yee, Lee (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Seung-Jin, Lee (Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Sung Dae, Kim (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Man Hee, Rhee (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Seung-Chun, Park (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.05.19
  • Accepted : 2022.09.05
  • Published : 2023.03.02
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Abstract

Hypercoagulability is frequently observed in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Platelets are a favorable target for effectively treating hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients as platelet hyperactivity has also been observed. It is difficult to develop a treatment for COVID-19 that will be effective against all variants and the use of antivirals may not be fully effective against COVID-19 as activated platelets have been detected in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, patients with less severe side effects often turn toward natural remedies. Numerous phytochemicals are being investigated for their potential to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer and bacterial and viral infections. Natural products have been used to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. Panax ginseng has potential for managing cardiovascular diseases and could be a treatment for COVID-19 by targeting the coagulation cascade and platelet activation. Using molecular docking, we analyzed the interactions of bioactive chemicals in P. ginseng with important proteins and receptors involved in platelet activation. Furthermore, the SwissADME online tool was used to calculate the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the lead compounds of P. ginseng. Dianthramine, deoxyharrtingtonine, and suchilactone were determined to have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2019R1A2C2006277).

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