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A Study on How Urban Gardening Affect Citizens' Quality of Life and Social Capital in Deteriorated Neighborhood - Focus on the Residential Complex in Gojan 1-Dong, An San City -

노후 근린생활권 정원 활동이 지역 주민의 삶의 만족과 커뮤니티에 미치는 영향 연구 - 경기도 안산시 고잔1동 연립주택단지를 대상으로 -

  • Park, Ji-eun (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University) ;
  • Sung, Jong-Sang (Graduate School of Environment Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Yong-Hoon (Graduate School of Environment Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 박지은 (서울대학교 협동과정 조경학) ;
  • 성종상 (서울대학교 환경대학원 ) ;
  • 손용훈 (서울대학교 환경대학원)
  • Received : 2022.11.30
  • Accepted : 2023.02.01
  • Published : 2023.02.28

Abstract

Citizens' needs for urban green spaces are on the rise due to improved quality of life and increased interest in environments. The garden is noteworthy because it is small in size, making it less controversial to create in the city, and it is adjacent to the residential area, improving citizens' daily environment. Moreover, recently gardens is attracting attention as a tool for urban regeneration, such as being created in declining areas as part of a government project. Therefore, it is time to study the role and value of urban gardens in deteriorated areas in terms of space welfare. However, there are few studies that quantitatively evaluate the effects of gardens, and many prior studies are limited to focusing the green space larger than a certain size (e.g., parks and forests). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of garden and gardening quantitatively, paying attention to social aspects such as life satisfaction and community of inhabitants. The study was conducted in an old row housing complex in Gojan1-dong, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do. In there, some of the dwellers voluntarily created outdoor gardens and engaged in gardening for a long time. In addition, after the 2017 Gyeonggi-do Garden Fair, several gardens have been maintained and used by residents there. For the first step, the field trip was done to research the status of the garden in the area, and then, a survey was conducted on whether or not gardening has an impact on the life satisfaction and community of residents. The results were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. As a result, residents who are engaged in gardening are more active in the "neighborhood exchange" and "resident participation" than those who are not engaged in gardening. In addition, if residents voluntarily create a garden, the level of "satisfaction of life" is higher than those staying in the garden which is constructed by the government. And a resident who is gardening in the complex shows higher life satisfaction than those who garden outside of the complex. These results confirmed that the garden has positive effects promoting "exchanges with neighbors", "participation in the community", and "life satisfaction" of residents. It shows that it is important to ensure the right of residents to participate in the garden-making process as much as possible, and the garden's location should be paid attention to maximize the positive effect of gardens.

삶의 질 향상과 환경에 관한 관심 고조로 도시 녹지 공간에 대한 시민들의 요구가 증가하고 있다. 이에 작은 규모로 토지 소유 논란이 적으면서 조성이 수월하고, 주거지에 인접하여 주민 일상 속 환경개선의 효과가 클 것으로 예상되는 정원에 주목할 만하다. 더욱이 최근 국가 정책사업인 도시재생사업의 일환으로 마을 정원을 낙후 주거 지역에 조성하는 사례가 증가하는 등 도심 정원의 의미와 역할이 확대되고 있다. 따라서 정원이 지역사회에 가져오는 긍정적 효과에 관한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 그러나 선행연구들은 대부분 공원이나 숲과 같이 일정 규모 이상의 녹지에 한정하여 그 효과를 살피고 있고, 정원의 효과를 정량적으로 평가하는 연구는 미진한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 정원과 정원 활동이 지역사회에 가져오는 긍정적 효과를 정량적으로 살피고자 한다. 특히 지역 주민들의 삶의 만족과 주민 간 교류 등 사회적 측면에 주목하여 도심 속 정원의 의의를 살폈다. 연구 대상지는 경기도 안산시 단원구 고잔1동의 노후 저층 연립주택단지 밀집 지역이다. 이곳은 주민들이 자발적으로 근린생활권 내 자투리 공간을 활용하여 정원을 가꿔온 지역이다. 또한 2017년 경기 정원박람회 때 단지 내·외부 공간에 정원이 조성되고 현재까지 존치된 지역이다. 따라서 다양한 유형의 정원이 자리하고 있어 주민들의 정원 활동 및 그 효과를 연구하기에 적합한 사례 지역이었다. 연구 과정은 현장답사를 통해 해당 지역의 정원 및 정원 활동 현황을 살폈고, 이후 정원 활동 여부와 양상이 주민들의 행복감 및 사회자본에 영향을 미치는지 설문하였다. 설문 내용은 t-test 및 ANOVA로 분석하였다. 그 결과 정원 활동하는 주민이 정원 활동을 하지 않는 주민보다 '이웃 교류' 및 '주민참여'가 더 활발한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 주민이 직접 만든 정원에서 정원 활동을 하는 경우가 정부 사업으로 조성된 정원에서 정원 활동을 하는 경우보다 '삶의 만족도'가 더 높았다. 더불어 단지 내에서 정원 활동하는 경우가 단지 외부 정원을 이용하는 것보다 '삶의 만족' 지수가 높게 '부정적 감정'은 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 정원이 노후 주거지역의 주민 간 교류 및 커뮤니티 참여를 촉진하고, 삶의 만족도를 높여주는 등 긍정적 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 향후 지역재생 및 공간복지 차원으로 노후 주거지역에 정원을 조성할 때 주민이 정원 조성 및 운영 과정에 참여하는 것이 중요하며, 정원의 위치 선정에도 주의를 기울여야 함을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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