DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Influencer Advertising

  • Chanuk Park (Cultural Industry Research Center, Korea Culture & Tourism Institute) ;
  • Sin-Bok Lee (Business Administration, Nazarene University) ;
  • Do-Eui Kim (Business Administration, Sogang University)
  • Received : 2023.03.02
  • Accepted : 2023.03.10
  • Published : 2023.06.30

Abstract

Influencer advertising, which has gained significant attention in academia and industry, is widely adopted as a digital marketing strategy. This study empirically analyzes the impact of perceived influencer channel attributes and ad attributes on the suitability of advertisements and their effects on consumers' positive and negative advertising behaviors. The research aims to identify various factors that can enhance the effectiveness of influencer advertising. The results reveal that among the influencer channel attributes, informativeness and intimacy have a positive impact on ad suitability, while ad clutter has a negative impact. Additionally, ad-influencer fit positively affect ad attention and negatively influences ad avoidance. Based on these findings, companies can enhance the effectiveness of influencer advertising by first selecting influencers who align well with the advertisement and emphasizing informativeness and emotional bonding to improve ad suitability. Moreover, the study suggests that influencer advertising strategies can be effective as long as they avoid excessive ad clutter, as it diminishes ad suitability. Marketing practitioners and advertising planners can utilize these insights to formulate more effective influencer advertising strategies.

Keywords

References

  1. TAGby, "Influencer Marketing, Good to Read Before You Start," open.ads, 2022. https://www.openads.co.kr/content/contentDetail?contsId=7529
  2. Forbes Communications Council, "12 Marketing Trends to Take Advantage of this year," Forbes, Feb. 2018
  3. Son, D. J., and Kim, H. G., "A study on digital marketing strategy using social influencers: Focusing on the case of global digital campaign of Olleh TV," Advertising PR Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 64-95,
  4. Gretzel, U., "Influencer marketing in travel and tourism. In Advances in social media for travel," tourism and hospitality, pp. 147-156, Routledge,
  5. De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., and Hudders, L., "Marketing through Instagram influencers: the impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude," International journal of advertising, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 798- 828, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035
  6. Lou, C., and Yuan, S., "Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media," Journal of interactive advertising, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58-73, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
  7. Djafarova, E., and Rushworth, C., "Exploring the credibility of online celebrities' Instagram profiles in influencing the purchase decisions of young female users," Computers in human behavior, Vol. 68, pp. 1-7, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.009
  8. Casalo, L. V., Flavian, C., and Ibanez-Sanchez, S., "Influencers on Instagram: Antecedents and consequences of opinion leadership," Journal of business research, Vol. 117, pp. 510-519, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.005
  9. Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., and Verspaget, M., "Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit," International journal of advertising, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 258- 281, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898
  10. Jung, E. Y., "Case analysis of influencer marketing and suggestions for marketing research," Service Marketing Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 33-39,
  11. Lee, H. S., Ahn, K. H., and Ha, Y. W., Consumer behavior: Strategic marketing approach. Gyeonggi: Beomunsa.
  12. Adegbola, O., Gearhart, S., and Skarda-Mitchell, J., "Using Instagram to engage with (potential) consumers: A study of Forbes Most Valuable Brands' use of Instagram," The journal of social media in society, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 232-251,
  13. Boveda-Lambie, A. M., and Hair, N., "Advertising versus invertising: The influence of social media B2C efforts on consumer attitudes and brand relationships," In Online Consumer Behavior, pp. 243-270, Routledge, 2012.
  14. Evans, N. J., Phua, J., Lim, J., and Jun, H., "Disclosing Instagram influencer advertising: The effects of disclosure language on advertising recognition, attitudes, and behavioral intent," Journal of interactive advertising, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 138-149, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2017.1366885
  15. Kim, H. Y., "The impact of congruence between influencer product advertising content and user expectations on sustained usage intention and sharing intention: Focusing on content attitude and brand attitude," Advertising Research, Vol. 135, pp. 298-333, 2022. https://doi.org/10.16914/ar.2022.135.298
  16. Belch, G., and Belch, M., Introduction to Advertising and Promotion Management. Homewood. II: Richard D. Erwin, 1990.
  17. Oh, C. G., "The influence of individual information preference type and information quality on UCC acceptance," Journal of Internet Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 163-183,
  18. Ahn, D. H., and Han, G. J., "The effects of SNS (social networking service) quality on brand reputation, quality satisfaction and purchase intention in the foodservice industry," Journal of Foodservice Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 169-188,
  19. Sung, H.J. and Kim H.Y., "The effects of food service information attributes on perceived information usefulness and visit intention in TV food contents broadcasting programs: moderating effect of market mavenism," The Academy of Korea Hospitality & Tourism, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 222-238, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31667/jhts.2019.9.80.222
  20. Eisend, M., "A meta-analysis of humor in advertising," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 37, pp. 191-203, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0096-y
  21. Limbu, Y. B., Jayachandran, C., Babin, B. J., and Peterson, R. T., "Empathy, nonverbal immediacy, and salesperson performance: the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior," Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 654-667, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2015-0048
  22. Tolstedt, B. E., and Stokes, J. P., "Relation of verbal, affective, and physical intimacy to marital satisfaction," Journal of counseling psychology, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 573, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.30.4.573
  23. Simon, F., and Tossan, V., "Does brand-consumer social sharing matter? A relational framework of customer engagement to brand-hosted social media," Journal of Business Research, Vol. 85, pp. 175-184, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.050
  24. Cordova, J. V., and Scott, R. L., "Intimacy: A behavioral interpretation," The Behavior Analyst, Vol. 24, pp. 75-86, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392020
  25. Holbrook, M. B., and Batra, R., "Assessing the role of emotions as mediators of consumer responses to advertising," Journal of consumer research, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 404-420, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209123
  26. Choi, C., and Cheon, H. J., "Why do people avoid advertising on the Internet?" Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 89-97, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2004.10639175
  27. Chatman, J. A., "Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit," Academy of management Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 333-349, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279063
  28. Kanungo, R. N., and Pang, S., "Effects of human models on perceived product quality," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 172, 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037042
  29. Till, B. D., and Busler, M., "The match-up hypothesis: Physical attractiveness, expertise, and the role of fit on brand attitude, purchase intent and brand beliefs," Journal of advertising, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1-13, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2000.10673613
  30. Kim, J. R., Lee, K., and Choi, Y. G., "A study on the motivation and intention to use smartphone applications as advertising media: An extension of the technology acceptance model," Advertising Research, Vol. 89, pp. 229-254, 2011.
  31. Cho, H. O., "The effects of the types of corporate social responsibility activities on cognitive responses toward the company and advertising message processing: Focusing on the mediating role of fit with public interest and likeability. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 91-102,
  32. Kamins, M. A., "An investigation into the "match-up" hypothesis in celebrity advertising: When beauty may be only skin deep," Journal of advertising, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 4-13, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673175
  33. Lynch, J., and Schuler, D., "The matchup effect of spokesperson and product congruency: A schema theory interpretation," Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 417-445, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220110502
  34. Rifon, N. J., Choi, S. M., Trimble, C. S., and Li, H., "Congruence effects in sponsorship: The mediating role of sponsor credibility and consumer attributions of sponsor motive," Journal of advertising, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 30-42, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2004.10639151
  35. Han, S. R., Lee, M. S., and Lee, J. W., "The impact of perceptibility effects in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on corporate image: Focusing on the interaction," Consumer Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 103-120, 2014.
  36. Becker-Olsen, K. L., Cudmore, B. A., and Hill, R. P., "The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior," Journal of business research, Vol. 59, No.1, pp. 46-53, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.01.001
  37. Fleck, N. D., and Quester, P., "Birds of a feather flock together… definition, role and measure of congruence: An application to sponsorship," Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 975-1000, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20192
  38. Kahle, L. R., and Homer, P. M., "Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: A social adaptation perspective," Journal of consumer research, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 954-961, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209029
  39. Mitchell, A. A., and Olson, J. C., "Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitudes?" Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, pp. 318-322, August 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800306
  40. Yoo, S. Y., and Kim, J. H., "Factors influencing mobile application display ad avoidance: Focusing on ad attitude, perceived intrusiveness, media exposure, and media use motivation," Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 125-143,
  41. Park, S., "The effects of celebrities' advertising attributes on attitude toward advertising, attitude toward brand and purchase intention in food-franchised brand," Hotel & Resort Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 227-247,
  42. Mehta, A., "Advertising attitudes and advertising effectiveness", Journal of advertising research, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 67-72, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-40-3-67-72
  43. Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I., "Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research".
  44. Shimp, T. A., "Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of consumer brand choice," Journal of Advertising, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 9-15, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1981.10672756
  45. MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., and Belch, G. E., "The role of attitude toward the Ad as an mediator of advertising effectiveness: A test of competing explanations," Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 130-143, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378602300205
  46. Bauer, R. A., and Greyser, S. A., Advertising in America; the consumer view. Boston, MA: Harvard University, 1968.
  47. Lutz, R. J., MacKenzie, S. B., and Belch, G. E., "Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: Determinants and Consequences," Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 11, pp. 532-539, 1983.
  48. Yang, Y. J. "Hierarchy-of-effects in internet advertising: The effects of complexity and intensity of internet advertising on advertising attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention," Advertising Research, Vol. 60, pp. 107-129, 2003.
  49. Cho, Y. S., "A study on the relationship between attitudes toward websites, attitudes toward advertisements, concentration on advertisements, attitudes toward brands, and purchase intention," Korean Journal of Marketing, Vol. 2001, No. 1, pp. 187-210, 2001.
  50. Lee, K. R., "A study on the predicting variables of television commercial avoidance behavior: Focusing on cognitive avoidance, mechanical avoidance, and physical avoidance," Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 165-189, 2001.
  51. Yang, Y. C., and Cho, C. H., "A study on the level and factors of ad avoidance by advertising media," Advertising Research, Vol. 92, pp. 355-381, 2012.
  52. Sheinin, D. A., Varki, S., and Ashley, C., "The differential effect of ad novelty and message usefulness on brand judgments," Journal of Advertising, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 5-18, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367400301 
  53. Lin, A., Gregor, S., and Ewing, M., "Developing a scale to measure the enjoyment of Web experiences," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 40-57, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20120
  54. Kuczynski, A. M., Kanter, J. W., Wetterneck, C. T., Olaz, F. O., Singh, R. S., Lee, E. B., ... and Corey, M. D., "Measuring intimacy as a contextual behavioral process: Psychometric development and evaluation of the Awareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale," Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, Vol. 16, pp. 199-208, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.004
  55. Breves, P. L., Liebers, N., Abt, M., and Kunze, A., "The perceived fit between Instagram influencers and the endorsed brand: How influencer-brand fit affects source credibility and persuasive effectiveness," Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 440-454, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2019-030
  56. Bruner, G.C., and Kumar, A., Web Commercials and Advertising Hierarchy-of-Effects, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 40 no. 1-2 35-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-40-1-2-35-42
  57. Jin, C., and Villegas, J., "The effect of the placement of the product in film: Consumers' emotional responses to humorous stimuli and prior brand evaluation," Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, Vol. 15, pp. 244-255,
  58. Hong, S.H., "The Criteria for Selecting Appropriate Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling and Their Rationales," Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 161-177, 2000.
  59. Kang, H., "A Guide on the Use of Factor Analysis in the Assessment of Construct Validity," Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (J Korean Acad Nurs), Vol.43, No.5, pp. 587-594, October 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.587
  60. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error," Journal of marketing research, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 39-50, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  61. Kim, G.S., "The Model Development of 6 Sigma and Understanding of Process Quality in the Service Industry: Using the Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management (JKSQM), Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 84-99, 2007.