Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
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COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia

  • Didan Ariadapa Rahadi (Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas) ;
  • Elfira Yusri (Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas) ;
  • Syandrez Prima Putra (Department of Microbiology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas) ;
  • Rima Semiarty (Department of Public Health, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas) ;
  • Dian Pertiwi (Department of Clinical Pathology, Undergraduate Program of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas) ;
  • Cimi Ilmiawati (Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas)
  • Received : 2023.02.11
  • Accepted : 2023.04.20
  • Published : 2023.05.31
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Abstract

Objectives: The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables. Results: A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Fadhil Warman, Azhara Dhiya Yosse Putri, Zaky Athila Naufal, and the staff of Andalas University Teaching Hospital for their support of this research.

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