Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
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Transient heat transfer and crust evolution during debris bed melting process in the hypothetical severe accident of HPR1000

  • Chao Lv (School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology) ;
  • Gen Li (School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology) ;
  • Jinchen Gao (State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University) ;
  • Jinshi Wang (State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University) ;
  • Junjie Yan (State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2022.11.28
  • Accepted : 2023.05.11
  • Published : 2023.08.25
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Abstract

In the late in-vessel phase of a nuclear reactor severe accident, the internal heat transfer and crust evolution during the debris bed melting process have important effects on the thermal load distribution along the vessel wall, and further affect the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure mode and the state of melt during leakage. This study coupled the phase change model and large eddy simulation to investigate the variations of the temperature, melt liquid fraction, crust and heat flux distributions during the debris bed melting process in the hypothetical severe accident of HPR1000. The results indicated that the heat flow towards the vessel wall and upper surface were similar at the beginning stage of debris melting, but the upward heat flow increased significantly as the development of the molten pool. The maximum heat flux towards the vessel wall reached 0.4 MW/m2. The thickness of lower crust decreased as the debris melting. It was much thicker at the bottom region with the azimuthal angle below 20° and decreased rapidly at the azimuthal angle around 20-50°. The maximum and minimum thicknesses were 2 and 90 mm, respectively. By contrast, the distribution of upper crust was uniform and reached stable state much earlier than the lower crust, with the thickness of about 10 mm. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of initial condition indicated that as the decrease of time interval from reactor scram to debris bed dried-out, the maximum debris temperature and melt fraction became larger, the lower crust thickness became thinner, but the upper crust had no significant change. The sensitivity analysis of in-vessel retention (IVR) strategies indicated that the passive and active external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) had little effect on the internal heat transfer and crust evolution. In the case not considering the internal reactor vessel cooling (IRVC), the upper crust was not obvious.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975180) and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2022A1515010217).

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