Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Review of Thermodynamic Sorption Model for Radionuclides on Bentonite Clay

벤토나이트와 방사성 핵종의 열역학적 수착 모델 연구

  • Jeonghwan Hwang (Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) ) ;
  • Jung-Woo Kim (Disposal Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) ) ;
  • Weon Shik Han (Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University) ;
  • Won Woo Yoon (Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jiyong Lee (Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University) ;
  • Seonggyu Choi (Disposal Performance Demonstration R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI))
  • 황정환 (한국원자력연구원 저장처분기술개발부 ) ;
  • 김정우 (한국원자력연구원 저장처분기술개발부 ) ;
  • 한원식 (연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 ) ;
  • 윤원우 (연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 ) ;
  • 이지용 (연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 ) ;
  • 최승규 (한국원자력연구원 저장처분성능검증부)
  • Received : 2023.09.22
  • Accepted : 2023.10.16
  • Published : 2023.10.30
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Abstract

Bentonite, predominantly consists of expandable clay minerals, is considered to be the suitable buffering material in high-level radioactive waste disposal repository due to its large swelling property and low permeability. Additionally, the bentonite has large cation exchange capacity and specific surface area, and thus, it effectively retards the transport of leaked radionuclides to surrounding environments. This study aims to review the thermodynamic sorption models for four radionuclides (U, Am, Se, and Eu) and eight bentonites. Then, the thermodynamic sorption models and optimized sorption parameters were precisely analyzed by considering the experimental conditions in previous study. Here, the optimized sorption parameters showed that thermodynamic sorption models were related to experimental conditions such as types and concentrations of radionuclides, ionic strength, major competing cation, temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, carbonate species, and mineralogical properties of bentonite. These results implied that the thermodynamic sorption models suggested by the optimization at specific experimental conditions had large uncertainty for application to various environmental conditions.

벤토나이트는 고준위 방사성폐기물 처분을 위한 심층처분 시스템에서 처분용기와 암반 사이를 메우는 완충재로 고려되는 팽창성 점토이다. 벤토나이트는 높은 양이온교환능과 비표면적을 가지고 있기 때문에, 처분용기로부터 핵종이 누출될 경우, 수착하여 암반으로의 유출을 지연시키는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 여러 선행연구에서 8종류의 벤토나이트를 사용하여 수행된 U, Am, Se, Eu 핵종의 수착실험 및 모델 자료를 취합하고, 각 연구에서 설정된 실험 조건들을 기반으로 열역학적 수착모델의 특성을 평가하였다. 핵종과 벤토나이트 간의 수착 거동 해석에 중요한 역할을 하는 열역학적 수착모델은 벤토나이트의 광물학적 특성뿐만 아니라 핵종 농도, 용액의 이온강도, 주 양이온, 온도, 고액비, 용존 탄산 농도 등 세부적인 실험 조건과 밀접하게 연관되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 특정 실험 조건에서 수행된 수착실험 및 모델의 최적화로 제안되는 수착 반응식과 반응상수가 다양한 환경 조건에 적용하기에 불확실성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 심층처분 시스템에 적용가능한 열역학적 수착모델을 구축하기 위해서는 현장 조사 및 실험이 함께 수행되어야 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2023년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 사용후핵연료관리핵심기술개발사업단 및 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구사업임 (NRF-2021M2E1A1085185)

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