Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

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A Study on the Roman Garden Vision in Pliny the Elder's the Natural History

대 플리니우스의 「자연사」에 나타난 고대 로마의 정원관 연구

  • Hwang, Juyoung (Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University)
  • 황주영 (서울대학교 환경계획연구소)
  • Received : 2023.08.10
  • Accepted : 2023.09.18
  • Published : 2023.10.31
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Abstract

This study investigates the garden vision of the Ancient Rome, focusing on garden literature in the Natural History by Pliny the Elder. Ancient Roman garden's types, character, and forms greatly influenced the development of later Western gardens, to which the practical and professional texts of Pliny the Elder and others contributed. This study explores the garden visions projected in these texts, with an introduction of Roman garden forms and stylistic features. The Natural History and other garden and agricultural texts written during the Ancient Roman period are characterized by their focus on practical production spaces rather than abstract nature or garden art. In the Natural History, Pliny described botanics in terms of usefulness rather than pleasure, and his discussion is premised on the practical hortus. In ancient Roman society, gardens were not only spaces for practical production and relaxation, and places to reproduce or realize the ideals of Roman rulers and intellectuals, including Pliny. They shared the episteme that sought to encompass knowledge of the entire world they ruled and, in doing so, realize their vision of the Roman Empire. Through the Natural History, Pliny sought to embrace useful knowledges of his time into the vast civilized world of the Roman Empire, and the garden was an important place to practice this ideal.

본 연구는 대 플리니우스의 『자연사』 속 정원 관련 문헌을 중심으로 고대 로마 시대의 정원관을 탐색함을 목표로 한다. 고대 로마 정원의 유형과 성격, 형태 등은 이후 서양 정원의 발달에 큰 영향을 미쳤고, 플리니우스 등이 집필한 실용적이고 전문적인 문헌이 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 『자연사』와 관련 문헌, 사료를 중심으로 진행된 본 연구에서는 로마 정원의 형태나 양식적 특징에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 이들 문헌에 투영된 정원관을 탐색하였다. 『자연사』뿐 아니라 고대 로마 시대에 작성된 정원, 혹은 농업 이론서는 관념적인 자연이나 예술로서의 정원보다는 실용적인 생산 공간을 주로 다룬다는 특징이 있다. 『자연사』에서 정원 연구와 관련된 식물학 부분 또한 즐거움보다는 유용함을 위주로 기술되었고, 플리니우스 또한 실용적인 정원인 호르투스를 전제로 논의를 전개하였다. 고대 로마 사회에서 정원은 실용적인 생산과 휴식의 공간일 뿐 아니라, 한 시대의 이상을 재현, 혹은 실천하는 장소였다. 플리니우스를 비롯한 로마의 지배세력과 지식인들은 그들이 지배하는 전 세계에 대한 앎을 포괄하고, 이를 통해 로마 대제국의 비전을 실현하고자 하는 에피스테메를 공유했다. 플리니우스는 『자연사』를 통해 당대의 유용한 지식을 로마 제국이라는 방대한 문명 세계로 포괄하고자 했고, 정원은 그 이상을 실천하는 중요한 장소였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019S1A5B5A07091414).

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