Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Acute toxicity of ethyl formate to nontarget organisms and reduction effect of sodium silicate on ethyl formate-induced phytotoxicity

에틸포메이트의 비표적생물에 대한 급성독성 및 sodium silicate의 약해저감 효과

  • Kyeongnam Kim (Institute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yubin Lee (Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yurim Kim (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Donghyeon Kim (Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Chaeeun Kim (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yerin Cho (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Junyeong Park (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yongha You (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Byung-Ho Lee (Institute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Sung-Eun Lee (Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University)
  • 김경남 (경북대학교 농산물품질안전성평가연구소) ;
  • 이유빈 (경북대학교 농생명융합공학과) ;
  • 김유림 (경북대학교 응용생명과학과) ;
  • 김동현 (경북대학교 농생명융합공학과) ;
  • 김채은 (경북대학교 응용생명과학과) ;
  • 조예린 (경북대학교 응용생명과학과) ;
  • 박준영 (경북대학교 응용생명과학부) ;
  • 유용하 (경북대학교 응용생명과학부) ;
  • 이병호 (경북대학교 농산물품질안전성평가연구소) ;
  • 이성은 (경북대학교 농생명융합공학과)
  • Received : 2023.06.30
  • Accepted : 2023.08.24
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Ethyl formate (EF) is a naturally occurring insecticidal compound and is used to control pests introduced from abroad, in quarantine, by a fumigation method. In particular, it is mainly used as a substitute for methyl bromide and is less toxic to humans and less harmful to plants. This study aimed to investigate the possible acute toxicity of EF to useful organisms, and how to reduce phytotoxicity in watermelon, zucchini, and oriental melon. After fumigation with EF for 2 h, the LC50 values for earthworms, honey bees, and silkworms were 39.9, 7.09, and 17.9g m-3, respectively. The degree of susceptibility to EF was in the order of earthworms, silkworms, and honey bees based on the LC50 value, and EF fumigation induced stronger acute toxicity to honey bees. Phytotoxicity was observed in watermelon leaves treated with a concentration of 7.5 g m-3 EF, and when treated with a concentration of 10.0g m-3, it was confirmed that the edges of watermelon leaves were charred and seemed to be damaged by acids. Zucchini and melon, and other cucurbits, showed strong damage to the leaves when treated with a concentration of 10 g m-3, and sodium silicate, at concentrations of 10% and 20%, was used to reduce phytotoxicity. Therefore, acute toxicity towards nontarget organisms and phytotoxicity during the fumigation of EF should be reduced for efficient agricultural pest control.

에틸포메이트(Ethyl formate)는 자연상에서 발생되는 천연살충제로서 훈증방식으로 검역단계에서 해외로부터 유입되는 해충의 방제를 위하여 사용되고 있다. 특히, 메틸브로마이드의 대체제로서 주로 사용되며 인축에 독성이 약하고 식물에 대한 약해가 적다. 이러한 에틸포메이트를 농업해충방제를 훈증제로 사용하기 전에 유용생물체에 대한 독성과 수박, 애호박, 참외에 대한 식물독성 및 발생한 식물독성의 저감화 방안을 강구하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 에틸포메이트 2시간 훈증처리 후 지렁이, 꿀벌, 누에에 대한 LC50 값은 각각 39.9, 7.09, 17.9 g m-3였다. EF에 대한 감수성 정도는 LC50 값 기준 지렁이, 누에, 꿀벌 순으로 낮게 나타났으며 에틸포메이트 훈증처리는 꿀벌에 대하여 강한 독성을 유발하였다. 식물독성은 7.5 g m-3 농도로 처리된 수박 잎에서 관찰되었으며 10.0 g m-3 농도로 처리 시 수박 잎의 가장자리는 까맣게 타들어 가는 산에 의한 약해가 발생함을 확인하였다. 다른 박과 식물인 애호박 및 참외에는 10 g m-3 농도처리 시 잎에 강한 약해를 보였고 이를 저감하기 위하여 사용된 sodium silicate는 10% 및 20% 처리 시 약해의 저감을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 에틸포메이트 훈증처리 시 비표적생물에 대한 급성독성연구와 대상작물의 약해발생을 저감하는 연구는 에틸포메이트의 효율적인 농업해충 방제를 위한 중요한 결과를 도출했다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 결과물은 농림축산식품부의 재원으로 농림식품기술기획평가원의 작물바이러스 및 병해충대응 산업화기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었음(321098-3).

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