The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (문화기술의 융합)

The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology (국제문화기술진흥원)
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Work-Life Balance Policies in Germany and the Participation of Private Companies

독일의 일·가정 양립정책과 민간 기업의 참여

  • 남현주 (가천대학교 사회복지학과)
  • Received : 2023.10.03
  • Accepted : 2023.11.10
  • Published : 2023.11.30
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Abstract

Traditionally, Germany, a conservative welfare state, has pursued a male breadwinner model based on gender division of labor. For a long time, Germany tried to address low fertility through economic support centered on cash benefits, but it was not successful. In 2007, the German government began to shift the paradigm of family policy for work-life balance under the slogan of "A mix of time policy, income transfer, and infrastructure." When the issue of low birth rates emerged as a national concern in Germany, there was a growing social sentiment that not only the government but also private companies should contribute to increasing fertility by providing family-friendly personnel policies and working conditions. Private companies have been voluntarily improving family-friendly working conditions beyond legal obligations, aiming to secure personnel and prevent turnover. Germany's fertility rate is currently rising toward the European average level in 2023, which can be attributed to the government's work-life balance policies and the participation of private companies. In terms of improving work-life balance policies in Korea, it has been proposed to change the perception of the need for fathers to participate in child care, to make parental leave compulsory for men, to guarantee employment for women after childbirth, to expand child care facilities, and to revitalize family-friendly policies in companies.

전통적으로 성별분업에 의한 남성 생계부양자모델을 추구해온 보수주의 복지국가 독일은 오랜 기간 현금급여 중심의 경제적 지원을 통해 저출생 문제를 해결하고자 하였으나 성공하지 못했다. 2007년 독일 정부는 "시간정책, 이전소득 및 인프라의 혼합"이라는 슬로건 아래 일·가정 양립을 위한 가족정책 패러다임의 전환을 시작하였다. 독일에서 저출생 문제가 국가문제로 부상하자 정부뿐 아니라 민간 기업도 가족친화적 인사정책과 근로조건을 제공함으로써 출산율 향상에 기여해야 한다는 사회적 분위기가 조성되었다. 민간 기업은 인력 확보와 이직 예방을 목적으로 법적 의무를 넘어 자발적으로 가정친화적 근로환경을 개선해나가고 있다. 독일의 출산율은 2023년 현재 유럽 평균 수준으로 상승하고 있어 정부의 일·가정 양립정책과 민간 기업의 참여가 출산율 향상에 기여한 것으로 평가될 수 있다. 한국의 일·가정 양립 정책 개선 방안으로 아버지의 육아 동참 필요성에 대한 인식 전환, 남성 육아휴직의 의무화, 출산 후 여성의 고용 보장, 돌봄시설 확충 그리고 기업의 가족친화정책 활성화를 제안하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2023년도 가천대학교 교내연구비 지원에 의한 결과임 (GCU-202304700001)

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