Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry (대한치과보존학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of at-home bleaching protocol with application on different surfaces: bleaching efficacy and hydrogen peroxide permeability

  • Heloisa Forville (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Michael Willian Favoreto (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Michel Wendlinger (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Roberta Micheten Dias (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Christiane Philippini Ferreira Borges (Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Alessandra Reis (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa) ;
  • Alessandro D. Loguercio (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa)
  • Received : 2023.07.02
  • Accepted : 2023.08.08
  • Published : 2023.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber by the at-home bleaching gel in protocols applied on different dental surfaces. Materials and Methods: Forty premolars were randomly into 4 groups: control group no bleaching, only application on the buccal surface (OB), only application on the lingual surface (OL) and application in buccal and lingual surfaces, simultaneously (BL). At-home bleaching gel (White Class 7.5%) was used for the procedure. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer (color change in CIELAB [ΔEab] and CIEDE 2000 [ΔE00] systems and Whitening Index for Dentistry [ΔWID]). The hydrogen peroxide permeability in the pulp chamber (㎍/mL) was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and data were analyzed for a 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: All groups submitted to bleaching procedure showed bleaching efficacy when measured with ΔEab and ΔE00 (p > 0.05). Therefore, when analyzed by ΔWID, a higher bleaching efficacy were observed for the application on the groups OB and BL (p = 0.00003). Similar hydrogen peroxide permeability was found in the pulp chambers of the teeth undergoing different protocols (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of bleaching gel exclusively on the OB is sufficient to achieve bleaching efficacy, when compared to BL. Although the OL protocol demonstrated lower bleaching efficacy based on the ΔWID values, it may still be of interest and relevant in certain clinical scenarios based on individual needs, requiring clinical trials to better understand its specificities.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank FGM Dental Products for the donation of the bleaching gel used in this investigation. They would also like to thank the enriching partnership with the physical-chemical characterization laboratory of the Chemistry Department of the State University of Ponta Grossa. The authors would like to thank Bleaching&Bond group (Brazil).

References

  1. Bernardon JK, Ferrari P, Baratieri LN, Rauber GB. Comparison of treatment time versus patient satisfaction in at-home and in-office tooth bleaching therapy. J Prosthet Dent 2015;114:826-830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.05.014
  2. Mailart MC, Sakassegawa PA, Santos KC, Torres CRG, Palo RM, Borges AB. One-year follow-up comparing at-home bleaching systems outcomes and the impact on patient's satisfaction: randomized clinical trial. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021;33:1175-1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12814
  3. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 2006;34:412-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.02.002
  4. Haywood VB. Nightguard vital bleaching: current concepts and research. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128 Supplement:19S-25S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0416
  5. Matis BA. Tray whitening: what the evidence shows. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003;24:354-362.
  6. Luque-Martinez I, Reis A, Schroeder M, Munoz MA, Loguercio AD, Masterson D, et al. Comparison of efficacy of tray-delivered carbamide and hydrogen peroxide for at-home bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2016;20:1419-1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1863-7
  7. Meireles SS, Heckmann SS, Leida FL, dos Santos IS, Della Bona A, Demarco FF. Efficacy and safety of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening gels: a randomized clinical trial. Oper Dent 2008;33:606-612. https://doi.org/10.2341/07-150
  8. Chemin K, Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Effectiveness of and dental sensitivity to athome bleaching with 4% and 10% hydrogen peroxide: a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial. Oper Dent 2018;43:232-240. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-260-C
  9. Matis BA, Yousef M, Cochran MA, Eckert GJ. Degradation of bleaching gels in vivo as a function of tray design and carbamide peroxide concentration. Oper Dent 2002;27:12-18.
  10. Lopez Darriba I, Novoa L, de la Pena VA. Efficacy of different protocols for at-home bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Dent 2017;30:329-334.
  11. Martini EC, Favoreto MW, Coppla FM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Evaluation of reservoirs in bleaching trays for at-home bleaching: a split-mouth single-blind randomized controlled equivalence trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2020;28:e20200332.
  12. Cordeiro D, Toda C, Hanan S, Arnhold LP, Reis A, Loguercio AD, et al. Clinical evaluation of different delivery methods of at-home bleaching gels composed of 10% hydrogen peroxide. Oper Dent 2019;44:13-23. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-174-C
  13. Silva LM, da Costa Lacerda IA, Dos Santos DB, Herkrath FJ, da Silva KL, Loguercio AD, et al. Is the athome bleaching treatment applied only on the lingual surface as effective as that on the buccal surface? A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022;26:1551-1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04128-8
  14. Fick AV. On liquid diffusion. Lond Edinb Dublin Philos Mag J Sci 1855;10:30-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445508641925
  15. Kwon SR, Li Y, Oyoyo U, Aprecio RM. Dynamic model of hydrogen peroxide diffusion kinetics into the pulp cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13:440-445. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1165
  16. Fugaro JO, Nordahl I, Fugaro OJ, Matis BA, Mjor IA. Pulp reaction to vital bleaching. Oper Dent 2004;29:363-368.
  17. Bernardi LG, Favoreto MW, de Souza Carneiro T, Borges CPF, Pulido C, Loguercio AD. Effects of microabrasion association to at-home bleaching on hydrogen peroxide penetration and color change. J Esthet Restor Dent 2022;34:335-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12830
  18. Favoreto MW, Madureira MP, Hass V, Maran BM, Parreiras SO, Borges CP, et al. A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021;33:277-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12652
  19. Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, et al. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015;27 Supplement 1:S1-S9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12149
  20. Robertson A, Lozano R, Alman D, Orchard S, Keitch J, Connely R, et al. CIE recommendations on uniform color spaces, color-difference equations, and metric color terms. Color Res Appl 1977;2:5-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1520-6378.1977.tb00102.x
  21. Parreiras SO, Favoreto MW, Cruz GP, Gomes A, Borges CPF, Loguercio AD, et al. Initial and pulp chamber concentration of hydrogen peroxide using different bleaching products. Braz Dent Sci 2020;23:1-8. https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2020.v23i2.1942
  22. Marson FC, Goncalves RS, Silva CO, Cintra LT, Pascotto RC, Santos PH, et al. Penetration of hydrogen peroxide and degradation rate of different bleaching products. Oper Dent 2015;40:72-79. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-270-L
  23. Gomez-Polo C, Portillo Munoz M, Lorenzo Luengo MC, Vicente P, Galindo P, Martin Casado AM. Comparison of the CIELab and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115:65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.07.001
  24. Luo MR, Cui G, Rigg B. The development of the CIE 2000 colour-difference formula: CIEDE2000†. Color Res Appl 2001;26:340-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.1049
  25. Perez MM, Ghinea R, Rivas MJ, Yebra A, Ionescu AM, Paravina RD, et al. Development of a customized whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space. Dent Mater 2016;32:461-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.008
  26. Esteves L, Fagundes TC, Dos Santos PH, da Silva L, de Alcantara S, Cintra L, et al. Does the bleaching gel application site interfere with the whitening result? A randomized clinical trial. Oper Dent 2022;47:20-30. https://doi.org/10.2341/20-236-C
  27. de Melo Oliveira I, Santana TR, Correia ACC, Fontes LS, Griza S, Faria-E-Silva AL. Color heterogeneity and individual color changes in dentin and enamel bleached in the presence of a metallic orthodontic bracket. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021;33:262-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12660
  28. Schwarzbold CG, Cuevas-Suarez CE, Pacheco RR, Ribeiro JS, Carreno NLV, Lund RG, et al. In vitro efficacy of commercial and experimental proteolytic enzyme-based whitening dentifrices on enamel whitening and superficial roughness. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021;33:849-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12690
  29. Favoreto MW, Vochikovski L, Terra RMO, Campos VS, Santos ME, Meireles SS, et al. Topical application of Otosporin® before in-office bleaching: a split mouth, triple-blind, multicenter randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022;26:2555-2564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04224-9
  30. Lilaj B, Dauti R, Agis H, Schmid-Schwap M, Franz A, Kanz F, et al. Comparison of bleaching products with up to 6% and with more than 6% hydrogen peroxide: whitening efficacy using BI and WI D and side effects - an in vitro study. Front Physiol 2019;10:919.
  31. Cavalli V, Silva BGD, Berger SB, Marson FC, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M. Decomposition rate, pH, and enamel color alteration of at-home and in-office bleaching agents. Braz Dent J 2019;30:385-396. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902484
  32. Carneiro TS, Favoreto MW, Bernardi LG, Sutil E, Wendlinger M, Centenaro GG, et al. Gingival irritation in patients submitted to at-home bleaching with different cutouts of the bleaching tray: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022;26:4381-4390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04401-4
  33. Perez MM, Herrera LJ, Carrillo F, Pecho OE, Dudea D, Gasparik C, et al. Whiteness difference thresholds in dentistry. Dent Mater 2019;35:292-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.022
  34. Gokay O, Yilmaz F, Akin S, Tuncbilek M, Ertan R. Penetration of the pulp chamber by bleaching agents in teeth restored with various restorative materials. J Endod 2000;26:92-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200002000-00008
  35. Mena-Serrano AP, Parreiras SO, do Nascimento EM, Borges CP, Berger SB, Loguercio AD, et al. Effects of the concentration and composition of in-office bleaching gels on hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber. Oper Dent 2015;40:E76-E82. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-352-L
  36. Soares DG, Basso FG, Pontes EC, Garcia LF, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Effective tooth-bleaching protocols capable of reducing H(2)O(2) diffusion through enamel and dentine. J Dent 2014;42:351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.09.001
  37. Esteves LMB, Dos Santos PH, Fagundes TC, de Oliveira Gallinari M, de Mello Antonaccio GB, Cintra LTA, et al. Effect of bleaching gel volume on color change and postoperative sensitivity: a randomized clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2022;26:2527-2536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04220-z
  38. Donassollo SH, Donassollo TA, Coser S, Wilde S, Uehara JLS, Chisini LA, et al. Triple-blinded randomized clinical trial comparing efficacy and tooth sensitivity of in-office and at-home bleaching techniques. J Appl Oral Sci 2021;29:e20200794.
  39. Terra R, da Silva KL, Vochikovski L, Sutil E, Rezende M, Loguercio AD, et al. Effect of daily usage time of 4% hydrogen peroxide on the efficacy and bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Oper Dent 2021;46:395-405. https://doi.org/10.2341/20-058-C
  40. da Silva KL, Favoreto MW, Centenaro GG, Bernardi LG, Borges CPF, Reis A, et al. Can all highly concentrated in-office bleaching gels be used as a single-application? Clin Oral Investig 2023;27:3663-3671.