Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in the Gingival Oral Lichen Planus: Importance of Oral Hygiene

  • Young Joo Shim (Department of Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital)
  • Received : 2024.11.15
  • Accepted : 2024.12.12
  • Published : 2024.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the oral potentially malignant disorders. Although malignant transformation (MT) of OLP is relatively uncommon, periodic examinations are advisable to monitor for any changes related to MT. This case report presents a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a patient with gingival OLP and poor oral hygiene. The lesion was initially considered to be gingival swelling resulting from inadequate dental plaque control. However, it eventually transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma. This case study discusses the risk factors for carcinogenesis and the importance of periodic regular observation.

Keywords

References

  1. Sugerman PB, Savage NW, Walsh LJ, et al. The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002;13:350-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300405
  2. Fitzpatrick SG, Hirsch SA, Gordon SC. The malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145:45-56. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.2013.10
  3. González-Moles MÁ, Ruiz-Ávila I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Gil Montoya JA, Ramos-García P. Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and comprehensive meta analysis. Oral Oncol 2019;96:121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012
  4. Idrees M, Kujan O, Shearston K, Farah CS. Oral lichen planus has a very low malignant transformation rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis using strict diagnostic and inclusion criteria. J Oral Pathol Med 2021;50:287-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12996
  5. Offen E, Allison JR. What is the malignant transformation potential of oral lichen planus? Evid Based Dent 2022;23:36-37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-022-0240-4
  6. González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P. An evidence-based update on the potential for malignancy of oral lichen planus and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024;16:608.
  7. Warnakulasuriya S, Kujan O, Aguirre-Urizar JM, et al. Oral potentially malignant disorders: a consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer. Oral Dis 2021;27:1862-1880. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13704
  8. Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions-3.0 evidence level: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Oral Dis 2021;27:1919-1935. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13812
  9. Greene JC, Vermillion JR. The simplified oral hygiene index. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68:7-13. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034
  10. Escudier M, Ahmed N, Shirlaw P, et al. A scoring system for mucosal disease severity with special reference to oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:765-770. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08106.x
  11. van der Meij EH, van der Waal I. Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:507-512. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x
  12. Ramón-Fluixá C, Bagán-Sebastián J, Milián-Masanet M, Scully C. Periodontal status in patients with oral lichen planus: a study of 90 cases. Oral Dis 1999;5:303-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00094.x
  13. Hoare A, Soto C, Rojas-Celis V, Bravo D. Chronic inflammation as a link between periodontitis and carcinogenesis. Mediators Inflamm 2019;2019:1029857.
  14. Li R, Hou M, Yu L, Luo W, Liu R, Wang H. Association between periodontal disease and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023;61:394-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.05.004
  15. Colonia-García A, Gutiérrez-Vélez M, Duque-Duque A, de Andrade CR. Possible association of periodontal disease with oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2020;78:553-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2020.1774076
  16. Komlós G, Csurgay K, Horváth F, Pelyhe L, Németh Z. Periodontitis as a risk for oral cancer: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:640.
  17. Chamoli A, Gosavi AS, Shirwadkar UP, et al. Overview of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Risk factors, mechanisms, and diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2021;121:105451.
  18. Bindakhil M, Akintoye S, Corby P, et al. Influence of topical corticosteroids on malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2022;51:188-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13257
  19. Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Nieminen MT, Novak Frazer L, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Moragues MD, Rautemaa R. Production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde by Candida albicans from patients with potentially malignant oral mucosal disorders. J Oral Pathol Med 2013;42:243-249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01203.x
  20. Ayuningtyas NF, Mahdani FY, Pasaribu TAS, et al. Role of Candida albicans in oral carcinogenesis. Pathophysiology 2022;29:650-662. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29040051