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고도에 따른 제주도 나비의 종 풍부도 분포양상 연구

Patterns of Butterfly Species Richness According to Altitude on Jeju Island

  • 좌명은 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학(SARI)) ;
  • 김동순 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학(SARI))
  • Myung Eun Chwa (Major of Plant Resources Science and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University) ;
  • Dong-Soon Kim (Major of Plant Resources Science and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University)
  • 투고 : 2024.02.01
  • 심사 : 2024.04.29
  • 발행 : 2024.06.01

초록

제주도는 아열대에서 아한대까지 뚜렷한 수직적 기후분포를 보이므로 고도 구배에 따른 생물 다양성 양상 연구의 최적지라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 해안에서부터 한라산 고지대에 이르는 23지점의 제주도 나비 종 풍부도 특성을 확인하고, 어떠한 분포양상을 따르는지 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 고도에 따른 출현 종수는 중저고도에서 최고치를 보이는 고봉형 양상을 나타냈으며, 최대 종수가 출현하는 고도는 480 m 부근으로 추정되었다. 평균 서식고도(중위값) 값으로 상위고도 분포종(> 610 m)과 하위고도 분포종(< 347 m)을 구분하고 수직 분포 범위를 비교한 결과 각각 646 m와 496 m로 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 상위고도 분포종의 서식 범위가 더 큰 경향이 있었다. 그러나 상위고도 분포종에서 고산지대에만 분포하는 특이종 8종을 제외하는 경우 상위고도 분포종의 서식 범위는 973 m로 증가하여 하위고도 분포종보다 유의하게 넓었다. 종합적으로 볼 때 상위고도 분포종의 분포 범위가 하위고도 종보다 크다는 라포포트의 가설에 부합하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 한라산 나비분포는 1,500 m 이상 아고산 초지대에서 제한되어 발견되는 특이종의 수직 분포 범위가 좁고 상부에서 고립된 군집을 형성하고 있는 특징이 있었다. 이러한 영향으로 상위고도에서 종 수가 다소 증가하도록 하여 중저고도의 고봉과 함께 쌍봉형 양상을 보일 가능성이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 한라산 고도 구배에 따른 나비 종 풍부도 이해에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공하였으며, 향후 제주도의 나비 종 분포양상 연구와 기후변화 문제에 직면한 나비 다양성 보존전략을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to confirm the characteristics of butterfly species richness on Jeju Island at 23 locations spanning from the coast to the highlands of Mt. Hallasan and to ascertain their distribution patterns. The number of species observed at different altitudes displayed a high peak pattern, with the highest concentrations observed at mid-low altitudes. The altitude associated with the maximum number of species was estimated to be approximately 480 m. Using the average habitat altitude (median value) to differentiate between high-altitude (> 610 m) and low-altitude (< 347 m) species, we observed a tendency for species distributed at higher altitudes to have larger distribution ranges, although this trend was not statistically significant. However, when eight unique species distributed in only the alpine areas were excluded from the high-altitude distribution, the habitat range of the high-altitude species increased to 973 m, which was significantly wider than that of the low-altitude species. Overall, these results were consistent with Rapoport's hypothesis that the distribution range of higher-altitude species is larger than that of lower-altitude species. In addition, the distribution of butterflies on Mt. Hallasan was characterized by the formation of an isolated community in the upper part because of the influence of approximately 10 species with narrow vertical distribution ranges limited to subalpine grasslands above 1,500 m. These characteristics contributed to a slight increase in species count at higher elevations. The number of species observed according to altitude potentially resulted in a bimodal pattern, including a peak in the number of species at mid-low elevations. This study offers a novel perspective on the distribution of butterfly species along the altitude gradient of Mt. Hallasan and is anticipated to aid future research on butterfly distribution patterns on Jeju Island as well as in the formulation of strategies for butterfly diversity conservation due to climate change concerns.

키워드

과제정보

이번 연구를 위하여 한라산국립공원 출입 허가에 도움을 주신 한라산연구소와 한라산국립공원관리사무소, 야외조사에 도움을 주신 강갑선님께 감사드립니다.

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