Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Foeniculum vulgare essential oil nanoemulsion inhibits Fusarium oxysporum causing Panax notoginseng root-rot disease

  • Hongyan Nie (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Hongxin Liao (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Jinrui Wen (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Cuiqiong Ling (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Liyan Zhang (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Furong Xu (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Xian Dong (School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine)
  • Received : 2023.08.03
  • Accepted : 2023.12.13
  • Published : 2024.03.01
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Abstract

Background: Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the primary pathogenic fungus that causes Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) root rot disease. To control the disease, safe and efficient antifungal pesticides must currently be developed. Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized a nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (Ne-FvEO) using ultrasonic technology and evaluated its stability. Traditional Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (T-FvEO) was prepared simultaneously with 1/1000 Tween-80 and 20/1000 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effects and inhibitory mechanism of Ne-FvEO and T-FvEO in F. oxysporum were investigated through combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results: Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ne-FvEO decreased from 3.65 mg/mL to 0.35 mg/mL, and its bioavailability increased by 10-fold. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that T-FvEO did not contain a high content of estragole compared to Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (FvEO) and Ne-FvEO. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that both emulsions inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum through the synthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane, energy metabolism, and genetic information of F. oxysporum mycelium. Ne-FvEO also inhibited the expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase and reduced the content of 2-oxoglutarate, which inhibited the germination of spores. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Ne-FvEO effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in P. notoginseng in vivo. The findings contribute to our comprehension of the antifungal mechanism of essential oils (EOs) and lay the groundwork for the creation of plant-derived antifungal medicines.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060683), Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Plan-Basic Research Project (202301AW070008), Wang Yuan Chao Expert Workstation in Yunnan Province (202305AF150018), Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department-Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (202101AZ070001-047), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine (202105AG070012XS23011).

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