Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

  • 제52권2호
  • /
  • Pages.191-203
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 1017-0715(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-7180(eISSN)
한국목재공학회 (The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determination of the Boundary between Juvenile-Mature Wood of Diospyros kaki and Their Wood Anatomical Variations

  • Eka KARTIKAWATI (Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada) ;
  • BIENITTA (Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada) ;
  • Fanany Wuri PRASTIWI (Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada) ;
  • Widyanto Dwi NUGROHO (Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada)
  • 투고 : 2023.11.08
  • 심사 : 2024.02.17
  • 발행 : 2024.03.25
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.

키워드

과제정보

The authors are grateful to the members of the Laboratory of Wood Formation and Quality Improvement, Department of Forest Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia for their support and valuable discussions. The authors thank Fajar Setiaji and M. Sugiarto for their kindness during sample preparation.

참고문헌

  1. Alteyrac, J., Cloutier, A., Zhang, S.Y. 2006. Characterization of juvenile wood to mature wood transition age in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) at different stand densities and sampling heights. Wood Science and Technology 40(2): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-005-0047-4
  2. Asdar, M. 2017. Distribution, Potential, and Wood Properties of Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) in Sulawesi. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  3. Augustina, S., Wahyudi, I., Darmawan, I.W., Malik, J., Basri, E., Kojima, Y. 2020. Specific gravity and dimensional stability of boron-densified wood on three lesser-used species from Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(4): 458-471. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.4.458
  4. Basri, E., Saefudin, Mubarok, M., Darmawan, W., Balfas, J., Adalina, Y., Hadi, Y.S. 2023. Physicomechanical properties enhancement of fast-growing wood impregnated with wood vinegar animal adhesive. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 51(6): 542-554. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2023.51.6.542
  5. Baswarsiati, Suhardi, Rahmawati, D. 2006. Potential and development area of kesemek junggo. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 12(2): 56-61. https://doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p56-61
  6. Bhat, K.M., Priya, P.B., Rugmini, P. 2001. Characterisation of juvenile wood in teak. Wood Science and Technology 34(6): 517-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260000067
  7. Borrega, M., Ahvenainen, P., Serimaa, R., Gibson, L. 2015. Composition and structure of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood. Wood Science and Technology 49(2): 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-015-0700-5
  8. Boruszewski, P., Jankowska, A., Kurowska, A. 2017. Comparison of the structure of juvenile and mature wood of Larix decidua Mill. from fast-growing plantations in Poland. BioResources 12(1): 1813-1825. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.1813-1825
  9. Choudhary, R., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A., Singh, R., Thangalakshmi, S., Dar, A.H., Bajpai, V.K., Shukla, S. 2022. Exotic god fruit, persimmon (Diospyros kaki): Pharmacological importance and human health aspects. eFood 4(1): e52.
  10. Darmawan, W., Nandika, D., Rahayu, I., Fournier, M., Marchal, R. 2013. Determination of juvenile and mature transition ring for fast growing sengon and jabon wood. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 10(1): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-013-0091-x
  11. Dirna, F.C., Rahayu, I., Zaini, L.H., Darmawan, W., Prihatini, E. 2020. Improvement of fast-growing wood species characteristics by MEG and Nano SiO2 impregnation. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(1): 41-49. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.1.41
  12. Fadwati, A.D., Hidayati, F., Na'iem, M. 2023. Evaluation of genetic parameters of growth characteristics and basic density of Eucalyptus pellita clones planted at two different sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 51(3): 222-237. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2023.51.3.222
  13. Fujiwara, S., Yang, K.C. 2000. The relationship between cell length and ring width and circumferential growth rate in five Canadian species. IAWA Journal 21(3): 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000251
  14. Gatto, D.A., de Cademartori, P.H.G., Stangerlin, D.M., Calegari, L., Trevisan, R., Denardi, L. 2013. Proportion of juvenile wood of acoita-cavalo, pecan and London plane wood. International Wood Products Journal 4(1): 33-36. https://doi.org/10.1179/2042645312Y.0000000001
  15. Hadi, Y.S., Massijaya, M.Y., Zaini, L.H., Pari, R. 2019. Physical and mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate-impregnated wood from three fast-growing tropical tree species. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(3): 324-335. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2019.47.3.324
  16. Hosseini, S.Z.A.D., Naghdi, R. 2004. Evaluation on juvenile period and fiber length variation of maple wood (Acer velutinum boiss). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 11(2): 7-16.
  17. Intrigliolo, D.S., Visconti, F., Bonet, L., Parra, M., Besada, C., Abrisqueta, I., Rubio, J.S., de Paz, J.M. 2018. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Trees Responses to Restrictions in Water Amount and Quality. In: Water Scarcity and Sustainable Agriculture in Semiarid Environment, Ed. by Tejero, I.F.G. and Zuazo, V.H.D. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  18. Iwami, K., Noma, S., Ban, T., Matsushita, Y., Arakawa, I., Kitin, P., Funada, R., Nakaba, S. 2020. Pathways of extraand intercellular diffusion of colored substances in the blackened xylem of Diospyros kaki. Journal of Wood Science 66(1): 47.
  19. Jang, E.S., Kang, C.W., Jang, S.S. 2019. Pore characterization in cross section of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(1): 8-20. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2019.47.1.8
  20. Kiaei, M., Bakhshi, R. 2014. Radial variations of wood different properties in Diospyros lotus. Forest Systems 23(1): 171-177. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2014231-03297
  21. Kitin, P., Funada, R., Sano, Y., Beeckman, H., Ohtani, J. 1999. Variations in the lengths of fusiform cambial cells and vessel elements in Kalopanax pictus. Annals of Botany 84: 621-632. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0957
  22. Krisdianto, K., Abdurachman, A. 2005. Anatomical and physical properties of bisbul wood (Diospyros blancoi A.DC.). Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 2(1): 57-67. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2005.2.1.57-67
  23. Lempang, M. 2019. Basic properties and uses of Agathis (Agathis hamii M. Dr.) wood from South Sulawesi. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 6(2): 157-167. https://doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2017.vol6iss2pp157-167
  24. Lu, C., Wu, J., Jiang, Q., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., You, Y., Cheng, Y., Liu, S. 2021. Influence of juvenile and mature wood on anatomical and chemical properties of early and late wood from Chinese fir plantation. Journal of Wood Science 67(1): 72.
  25. Marbun, S.D., Wahyudi, I., Suryana, J., Nawawi, D.S. 2019. Anatomical structures and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species grown in Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(5): 617-632. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2019.47.5.617
  26. Mayasari, A., Kinho, J., Suryawan, A. 2012. Association of ebony (Diospyros spp.) with dominant trees in Tangkoko Nature Reserve North Sulawesi. Info Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado 2(1): 15-72.
  27. Moore, J.R., Cown, D.J. 2017. Corewood (juvenile wood) and its impact on wood utilisation. Current Forestry Reports 3(2): 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-017-0055-2
  28. Morris, H., Gillingham, M.A.F., Plavcova, L., Gleason, S.M., Olson, M.E., Coomes, D.A., Fichtler, E., Klepsch, M.M., Martinez-Cabrera, H.I., McGlinn, D.J., Wheeler, E.A., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Jansen, S. 2018. Vessel diameter is related to amount and spatial arrangement of axial parenchyma in woody angiosperms. Plant, Cell & Environment 41(1): 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13091
  29. Nawawi, D.S., Maria, A., Firdaus, R.D., Rahayu, I.S., Fatrawana, A., Pramatana, F., Sinaga, P.S., Fatriasari, W. 2023. Improvement of dimensional stability of tropical light-wood Ceiba pentandra (L) by combined alkali treatment and densification. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 51(2): 133-144. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2023.51.2.133
  30. Nawrot, M., Pazdrowski, W., Walkowiak, R., Szymanski, M., Kazmierczak, K. 2014. Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood. Journal of Forest Science 60(4): 143-153. https://doi.org/10.17221/78/2013-JFS
  31. Nazir, A., Wani, S.M., Gani, A., Masoodi, F.A., Haq, E., Mir, S.A., Riyaz, U. 2013. Nutritional, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki): A minor fruit of J&K India. International Journal of Advanced Research 1(7): 545-554.
  32. Noah, A.S. Durojaiye, O.O. 2019. Investigating the variation pattern in anatomy and fibre morphology of Boscia angustifolia A. wich wood. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology 8(7): 36-46.
  33. Noda, E., Aoki, T., Minato, K. 2002. Physical and chemical characteristics of the blackened portion of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki). Journal of Wood Science 48(3): 245-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00771376
  34. Nugroho, W.D., Marsoem, S.N., Yasue, K., Fujiwara, T., Nakajima, T., Hayakawa, M., Nakaba, S., Yamagishi, Y., Jin, H.O., Kubo, T., Funada, R. 2012. Radial variations in the anatomical characteristics and density of the wood of Acacia mangium of five different provenances in Indonesia. Journal of Wood Science 58(3): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-011-1236-4
  35. Ogata, K., Fujii, T., Abe, H., Baas, P. 2008. Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Tokyo, Japan.
  36. Palermo, G.P.M., Latorraca, J.V.F., de Carvalho, A.M., Calonego, F.W., Severo, E.T.D. 2015. Anatomical properties of Eucalyptus grandis wood and transition age between the juvenile and mature woods. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 73(6): 775-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0947-4
  37. Rahayu, I., Laksono, G., Darmawan, W., Maddu, A., Prihatini, E. 2021. Demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood in Elaeocarpus angustifolius. Biodiversitas 22(5): 2583-2590. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220517
  38. Savero, A.M., Wahyudi, I., Rahayu, I.S., Yunianti, A.D., Ishiguri, F. 2020. Investigating the anatomical and physical-mechanical properties of the 8-year-old superior teakwood planted in Muna Island, Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(5): 618-630. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.5.618
  39. Seta, G.W., Hidayati, F., Widiyatno, Na'iem, M. 2023. Wood physical and mechanical properties of clonal teak (Tectona grandis) stands under different thinning and pruning intensity levels planted in Java, Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 51(2): 109-132. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2023.51.2.109
  40. Shmulsky, R., Jones, P.D. 2011. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK.
  41. Sseremba, O.E., Mugabi, P., Banana, A.Y. 2016. Withintree and tree-age variation of selected anatomical properties of the wood of Ugandan-grown Eucalyptus grandis. Forest Products Journal 66(7-8): 433-442. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-15-00070
  42. Supartini, S., Kholik, A. 2010. Wood anatomical variation on axial and radial direction of Red Meranti (Shorea parvistipulara). Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa 4(1): 35-48.
  43. Tavares, F., Quilho, T., Pereira, H. 2011. Wood and bark fiber characteristics of Acacia melanoxylon and comparison to Eucalyptus globules. Cerne, Levras 17(1): 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-77602011000100007
  44. Taylor, F. 1973. Anatomical wood properties of South African grown Eucalyptus grandis. South African Forestry Journal 84(1): 20-24.
  45. Tazaki, K., Fukuyama, A., Tazaki, F., Takehara, T., Nakamura, K., Okuno, M., Hashida, Y., Hashida, S. 2017. Electron microscopy observation of biomineralization within wood tissues of Kurogaki. Minerals 7(7): 123.
  46. Wang, Y., Zhang, R., Zhou, Z. 2021. Radial variation of wood anatomical properties determines the demarcation of juvenile-mature wood in Schima superba. Forests 12(4): 512.
  47. Wheeler, E., Baas, P., Gasson, P. 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Journal 10(3): 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000496
  48. Yang, K.C., Benson, C.A., Wong, J.K. 1986. Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larix laricina. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16(5): 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1139/x86-181
  49. Yuniastuti, E., Saputro, M.A.A., Nandariyah, Delfianti, M.N.I. 2021. Characterization of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) as biodiversity originated from Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 824(1): 012040.
  50. Zanuncio, A.J.V., Possato, E.L., Carvalho, A.G., Lopes, O.P., De Castro, V.R. 2022. Basic density and scaling of juvenile and mature wood in Pinus caribaea trees. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56(5-6): 473-479. https://doi.org/10.35812/CelluloseChemTechnol.2022.56.40
  51. Zobel, B.J., Buijtenen, J.P. 1989. Wood Variation: Its Causes and Control. Springer, Berlin, Germany.