DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

온라인 영역에서 유럽 미디어 자유법의 전통 미디어 콘텐츠 문제 해결 가능성에 관한 연구

Could European Media Freedom Act solve the problems of traditional media's content in the online sphere?

  • 투고 : 2024.01.11
  • 심사 : 2024.02.18
  • 발행 : 2024.03.31

초록

오늘날 온라인 플랫폼에서 전통적인 미디어 콘텐츠의 존재는 중요한 문제 중 하나이며, 유럽 미디어 자유법 (EMFA) 제17조는 이를 규제하고자 합니다. 그러나 디지털 서비스 규정과의 조화, 정의의 사용, 미디어 패스트 트랙 메커니즘 등 현재 버전의 텍스트에는 아직 결함이 없는 것으로 보이며, 최종 텍스트가 채택되기 전에 신중한 입법적 조사가 필요합니다. 이글에서는 EMFA가 구상하는 자진 신고 절차가 불량 미디어 행위자에게 허점을 만들어 유럽과 수평적 수준 모두에서 혼란을 가져올지, 아니면 유럽 내부 미디어 시장의 기능을 개선하고 독립 미디어를 강화하려는 EMFA의 원래 목표에 부합하는지 살펴봅니다

The presence of traditional media content on online platforms is one of the critical issues nowadays, and Article 17 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) seeks to regulate this. However, it can be seen that the current version of the text is not yet free of flaws: both its harmonisation with the Digital Services Regulation, its use of definitions and the media fast track mechanism it contains would require careful legislative scrutiny before the final text is adopted. The article examines if the self-declaration procedure envisaged by the EMFA would create a loophole for rogue media actors and bring confusion at both the European and horizontal levels or if it would fit the original goal of the EMFA, which is to improve the functioning of the internal European media market and to reinforce the independent media.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AccessNow, et al. (2023, January 25). Policy Statement On Article 17 Of The Proposed European Media Freedom Act. disinfo.eu. https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/EMFA_policystatement_V3_25012023.pdf
  2. Article-19 (2023, March 15). European Media Freedom Act: content of media service providers on very large online platforms (Article 17). article19.org. https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/EMFA-17.pdf
  3. Barata, J. (2023, May 2). Problematic aspects of the European Media Freedom Act - old and new. London School of Economics and Political Science . https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2023/05/02/problematic-aspects-of-the-european-media-freedom-act-old-and-new
  4. Barata, J. (2022, November 25). Protecting Media Content on Social Media Platforms: The European Media Freedom Act's Biased Approach. VerfBlog. https://verfassungsblog.de/emfa-dsa. DOI: 10.17176/20221125-121603-0
  5. Bayer, J. (2022, September 15). Missing Freedom Act. VerfBlog. https://verfassungsblog.de/missing-freedom-act. DOI: 10.17176/20220915-230335-0
  6. Berthelemy, C. & de Olazabal, I. D. (2024, January 17). Challenges ahead: European Media Freedom Act falls short in safeguarding journalists and EU fundamental values. European Digital Rights. https://edri.org/our-work/challenges-ahead-european-media-freedom-act-falls-short-in-safeguarding-journalists-and-eu-fundamental-values/
  7. Buijs, D. (2022, November 25). Article 17 Media Freedom Act & the Digital Services Act: aligned or alienated? DSA Observatory. https://dsa-observatory.eu/2022/11/25/article-17-media-freedom-act-the-digital-services-act-aligned-or-alienated
  8. Collings, P. & Schmon, C. (2023, July 12). EU Media Freedom Act: A Media Privilege in Content Moderation Is a Really Bad Idea. Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/07/eu-media-freedom-act-media-privilege-content-moderation-really-bad-idea
  9. Conger, K. (2023, August 3). So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/technology/twitter-x-tweets-elon-musk.html
  10. European Parliament (2023). The European Media Freedom Act: media freedom, freedom of expression and pluralism. PE 747.930. Strasbourg: European Union.
  11. FasterCapital (2023, December 12). Tech Titans: Analyzing the GAFAM Stocks and their Dominance. FasterCapital . https://fastercapital.com/content/Tech-Titans-- Analyzing-the-GAFAM-Stocks-and-their-Dominance.html
  12. Gosztonyi, G. (2023). Censorship from Plato to Social Media. The Complexity of Social Media's Content Regulation and Moderation Practices. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-46529-1
  13. Helberger, N., et al. (2023, March 29). Expert opinion on draft European Media Freedom Act for stakeholder meeting 28 February 2023. DSA Observatory . https://dsa-observatory.eu/2023/03/29/expert-opinion-on-draft-european-media-freedom-act-for-stakeholder-meeting-28-february-2023/
  14. International Press Institute (2023, January 23). IPI position on the European Media Freedom Act. IPI. https://ipi.media/ipi-position-on-the-european-media-freedom-act
  15. Jorge-Ricart, R. (2022, December 16). The geopolitical implications of the EU's Media Freedom Act. Elcano Royal Institute Working Paper, 8/2022. https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/wp8-2022-jorgericart-geopolitical-implications-of-the-eus-media-freedom-act.pdf
  16. Kirton, D., et al. (2023, July 20). Amazon Joins Zalando in Challenging its Designation under the Digital Services Act. lexology . https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=8a4e6ab4-d53c-410e-9299-715d4c705fea
  17. Lemley, M. A. (2021). The Contradictions Of Platform Regulation. Journal of Free Speech Law, 1(1), 303-336. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3778909
  18. Mac, R. (2022, November 7). Facing a Tide of Criticism, Elon Musk Is Tweeting Through It. The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/07/technology/elon-musk-twitter-spree.html
  19. Nenadic, I. & Brogi, E. (2023, November 16). Why news media need Article 17 of the European Media Freedom Act. Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. https://cmpf.eui.eu/why-news-media-need-article-17-of-the-european-media-freedom-act/
  20. Olander, O., et al. (2022, December 15). Twitter suspends journalist accounts without explanation, angering lawmakers and those affected. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/15/twitter-suspends-journalists-musk-00074261
  21. Oster, J. (2015). Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781316162736
  22. Papp, J. T. (2022). A kozossegi media szabalyozasa a demokratikus nyilvanossag vedelmeben. Budapest: Wolters Kluwer.
  23. Polyak, G. (2023, March 15). Too Much for Others, too Little for Us. VerfBlog. https://verfassungsblog.de/too-much-for-others-too-little-for-us. DOI: 10.17176/20230315-185204-0
  24. Ruiz, D. (2020, April 1). GDPR: An impact around the world. Malwarebytes Labs . https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2020/04/gdpr-an-impact-around-the-world
  25. Seipp, T., et al. (2023). Defining the media in Europe: pitfalls of the proposed European Media Freedom Act. Journal of Media Law, 15(1), 39-51. DOI: 10.1080/17577632.2023.2240998
  26. Smith, L. (2023, Aug). What is still missing from the European Media Freedom Act. European Parnership for Democracy. https://epd.eu/news-publications/what-is-still-missing-from-the-european-media-freedom-act/
  27. Tambini, D. (2023, May 9). The EU is taking practical measures to protect media freedom. Now we need theory. Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. https://cmpf.eui.eu/the-eu-is-taking-practical-measures-to-protect-media-freedom-now-we-need-theory
  28. Van Durnen, M., et al. (2023, February 13). The platform-media relationship in the European Media Freedom Act. VerfBlog . https://verfassungsblog.de/emfa-platforms. DOI:10.17176/20230213-113133-0
  29. Verbeek, A. & Lundqvist, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence, blockchain and the future of Europe. Luxembourg: European Investment Bank.
  30. Zannettou, S., et al. (2019). Disinformation Warfare: Understanding State-Sponsored Trolls on Twitter and Their Influence on the Web. In Liu, L. & White, R. (Eds.), WWW '19: Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference (pp. 218-226). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI:10.1145/3308560.3316495