Applied Chemistry for Engineering (공업화학)

The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (한국공업화학회)
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Modification of NiO Using 2PACz for P-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

P-i-n 페로브스카이트 태양전지 응용을 위한 2PACz을 이용한 NiO의 개질

  • Seon-Min Lee (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Seok-Soon Kim (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University)
  • 이선민 (군산대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 김석순 (군산대학교 화학공학과)
  • Received : 2024.02.01
  • Accepted : 2024.03.01
  • Published : 2024.04.10
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Abstract

To improve charge transfer and surface contact between NiO and perovskite, sol-gel derived NiO is modified with [2-(9H-car-bazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz) in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). The phosphonic acid head group in the 2PACz can bind to the hydroxyl groups on the surface of NiO by a condensation reaction, which results in a better-matched energy level with the valence band of perovskite layers, reducing nonradiative recombination and energy loss. Furthermore, the formation of pin-hole free perovskite films is observed in the 2PACz modified NiO system. Consequently, the combination of sol-gel processed NiO with optimal 2PACz exhibits a higher efficiency of 17.08% and superior stability under ambient air conditions without any encapsulation, compared to a bare NiO based device showing 13.69%.

NiO와 페로브스카이트 사이의 전하 이동과 계면특성을 개선하기 위해, 솔-젤로 제조된 NiO를 [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz)으로 개질한다. 2PACz의 인산기(head group)는 NiO 표면의 수산화기(-OH)와 응축 반응을 통해 결합되며, 더 깊은 가전자대가 형성되면서 페로브스카이트 층의 가전자대와 에너지밴드가 더 잘 일치하게 되어 생성된 전하의 재결합이 억제되고 에너지 손실이 감소하게 된다. 더불어, 페로브스카이트의 표면 및 페로브스카이트/정공 전달층 계면에 핀홀이 없는 고질의 페로브스카이트 필름이 형성된다. 결과적으로, 13.69%의 효율을 나타내는 NiO 기반 소자와 비교했을 때, 최적의 2PACz으로 개질된 NiO 기반 소자는 17.08%의 높은 효율을 보여주며, 공기 조건에서 더 뛰어난 안정성을 보여준다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 과학기술정보통신부(MSIT)와 교육부의 재원으로 한국연구재단(NRF)의 지원을 받아 수행된 중견연구지원사업(NRF-2021R1A2C1010194) 및 지자체-대학 협력기반 지역혁신 사업(2023RIS-008)의 결과입니다.

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