Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation (한방재활의학과학회지)

The society of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation (한방재활의학과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Cheonghyeol Samul-tang gagambang on Mice Wound Model

청혈사물탕가감방의 마우스 창상 모델에 대한 효과

  • Woo-Seok Shon (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Young-Jun Kim (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Hee-Duk An (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Bok-Yeon Na (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Ji-Su Choi (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Sang-Hoon Lee (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Chang-Hoon Woo (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
  • 손우석 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 김영준 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 안희덕 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 나복연 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 최지수 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 이상훈 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 우창훈 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실)
  • Received : 2025.09.16
  • Accepted : 2025.10.06
  • Published : 2025.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects of Cheonghyeol Samul-tang gagambang (CSG). Methods RAW264.7 cells were used for cell experiments, and seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used for animal experiments. Wounds were induced using an 8 mm diameter punch. CSG was administered orally at a dose of 0.94 g/kg for 2 weeks. The efficacy of CSG was assessed through serum analysis, Western blotting, and histopathological staining. Results In pyroptosis-induced RAW264.7 cells, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were effectively inhibited by CSG treatment. CSG significantly reduced the wound area compared to the control group and notably suppressed the elevated levels of ROS and ONOO- , which are known indicators of oxidative stress. CSG treatment also significantly reduced the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, including Nox2, p22phox, and Rac1, with the exception of p47phox. CSG activated NRF2, leading to a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, while the inhibition of NF-𝜅Bp65 activation resulted in a decrease in inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1𝛽 [IL-1𝛽], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-𝛼). Additionally, CSG treatment significantly increased the expression of 𝛼-smooth muscle actin, which induces collagen synthesis, and collagen I, a key component of the extracellular matrix. CSG also improved the histopathological changes in the skin caused by the wound. Conclusions CSG demonstrates potential as a promising candidate for wound treatment due to its ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species and inflammation, as well as increase the expression of proteins related to collagen synthesis, thereby promoting the recovery of damaged tissues.

Keywords

References

  1. Kolimi P, Narala S, Nyavanandi D, Youssef AAA, Dudhipala N. Innovative treatment strategies to accelerate wound healing: trajectory and recent advancements. Cells. 2022;11(15):2439. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11152439
  2. Monika P, Chandraprabha MN, Rangarajan A, Waiker PV, Chidambara Murthy KN. Challenges in healing wound: role of complementary and alternative medicine. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;8:791899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.791899
  3. Wang Z, Qi F, Luo H, Xu G, Wang D. Inflammatory microenvironment of skin wounds. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022;13:789274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.789274
  4. Lei Z, Du J, Sun H, Gu Q, Li B, Yang Y. Study on the rules of traditional Chinese medicine to promote wound healing based on data mining. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service. 2022;40(3):281-5.
  5. Lee D, Lee SH, Lee M, Lee SH, Shin YJ, Lee JY, Kim H, Kim YS, Song J. Effects of Siwu decoction on chondrocyte proliferation of growth plate in adolescent rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2019;236:108-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.048
  6. Guo F, Li C, Dou J, Liang J, Chen Z, Xu Z, Wang T. Research progress on pharmacological properties and application of probiotics in the fermentation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2024;11:1407182.
  7. Du H, Kuang TT, Qiu S, Xu T, Gang Huan CL, Fan G, Zhang Y. Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations. Chinese Medicine. 2019;14:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-019-0253-x
  8. Hwang DY. Compilation of formulas and medicinals. Seoul:Namsan Publisher. 1982:228.
  9. Tian YY, An LJ, Jiang L, Duan YL, Chen J, Jiang B. Catalpol protects dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. Life Sciences. 2006;80(3):193-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.010
  10. Kim YR. Effects of Rehmanniae Radix on apoptosis in PC-12 cell damaged by 4-HNE [Master's thesis]. Gachon University; 2016.
  11. Rama P, Vignesh A, Lakshmanan G, Murugesan K. In vitro antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn. International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013;3(2):67-78.
  12. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181:1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  13. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 1999;26(9-10):1231-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  14. Rahman MM, Islam MB, Biswas M, Khurshid Alam AH. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC Research Notes. 2015;8:621. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1618-6
  15. Cao Y, Sun J, Qin S, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Liu C. Advances and challenges in immune-modulatory biomaterials for wound healing applications. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(8):990.
  16. Enoch S, Leaper DJ. Basic science of wound healing. Surgery (Oxford). 2008;26(2):31-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2007.11.005
  17. Guo S, DiPietro LA. Factors affecting wound healing. Journal of Dental Research. 2010;89(3):219-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509359125
  18. Campos AC, Groth AK, Branco AB. Assessment and nutritional aspects of wound healing. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2008;11(3):281-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282fbd35a
  19. Seo BI, Park JH, Roh SS, Shin SS. Recent herb processing. Daegu:KB Printing. 2019:261.
  20. Cho SI, Oh WW. Anti-oxidative effects of Scutellariae Radix. The Korea Journal of Herbology. 2005;20(3):67-74.
  21. Ahn SH, Kim KB. Effect of anti-inflammation through creation of skin fat barrier on Scutellaria baicalensis extract. The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. 2021;35(1):40-7. https://doi.org/10.7778/JPKM.2021.35.1.40
  22. The National College of Oriental Medicine Herbology Textbook Compilation Committee. Medicinal herbology. Seoul:Younglimsa. 2020:349, 393, 466-7.
  23. Yoo JS, Song YK, Lim HH. Studies on the antioxidant effects of Carthami Flos extract. The Journal of Korean Medicine. 2007;28(1):137-47.
  24. Park SH, Yoon SH, Kwon YM, Yeom SR, Kwon YD, Shin BC. Anti-inflammatory effect of Citrus unshiu. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2005;15(1):25-37.
  25. Kim JE, Chae KY, Park SN. Antioxidative and inhibitory activities on tyrosinase of Hippophae rhamnoides leaf extracts. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea. 2011:37(3):265-73. https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2011.37.3.265
  26. Kim SH, Park HJ, Kim KJ, Kim MJ, Lee JA, Lee AR, Roh SS. Antioxidant activity of citrus peel and effect on its glucose metabolism in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. The Korean Journal of Herbology. 2018;33(4):101-8.
  27. Kim BJ, Ham KW, Kim KB, Kim DH, Jo BY, Cho CR, Cho GH, Bae GS, Park KC, Goo BS, Kim MS, Song HJ, Park SJ. Inhibitory effect of extract of Trogopterorum Faeces on the production of inflammatory mediaters. The Korean Journal of Herbology. 2009;24(3):153-60.
  28. Choi HS, Kim YS, Hwangbo M, Jee SY. A comparision of effective constituent and safety assessment of Platycodi Radix cultivated in different regions of Gyeongbuk. The Journal of Applied Oriental Medicine. 2019;19(1):87-97.
  29. Mattson MP. Hormesis defined. Ageing Research Reviews. 2008;7(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.007
  30. Ryu SH, Lee SW, Moon SY, Oh JY, Yang YJ, Park JH. Establishment of a radiation-induced fibrosis model in BALB/c mice. The Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2010;28(1):32-8. https://doi.org/10.3857/jkstro.2010.28.1.32