Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제28권2호
  • /
  • Pages.149-159
  • /
  • 2025
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Finite element-based spatial distribution model for slope stability during earthquakes

  • Zheongzun Yi (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University) ;
  • Junsuk Kang (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2023.05.09
  • 심사 : 2024.12.04
  • 발행 : 2025.02.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The recent increase in earthquakes in Korea, including those in Kyeong-Ju and Pohang, has caused significant damage and landslides in surrounding areas. This study investigated earthquake-induced landslides to identify ways to reduce the risk of damage caused by slope instability. Landslide risk was assessed through finite element analysis of the slope factor of safety using topographic and geological data of the Pohang region combined with actual earthquake observations. A path was established to evaluate the slope stability and hazards at the end of the slope. The results of this study were compared with the landslide hazard map and showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the model. In addition, the analysis of different paths provided quantitative and precise information about slope boundaries. Landslide hazards increase under earthquake conditions. Obtaining a quantitative factor of safety provides valuable information for designing slopes and adjacent areas.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the Climate Change R&D Project for the New Climate Regime (2022003570004), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2023-00259403) and the knowledge-based environmental service program funded by the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE).

참고문헌

  1. Aoki, T., Katsura, S., Koi, T., Tanaka, Y. and Yamada, T. (2022), "Hydraulic properties of and pressure-head dynamics in thick pyroclastic-fall deposits in Atsuma, Northern Japan: Implications for the role of water in shallow landslides induced by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake", Landslides, 19(8), 1813-1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1656-2.
  2. Bouhadad, Y., Benhamouche, A., Bourenane, H., Ait Ouali, A., Chikh, M. and Guessoum, N. (2010), "The Laalam (Algeria) damaging landslide triggered by a moderate earthquake (Mw=5.2)", Nat. Hazards, 54(2), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9466-0.
  3. Choi, J.H. (2017), "Analysis of debris flow of Chun-cheon landslide area using numerical methods", J. Eng. Geol., 27(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2017.1.59.
  4. Dawson, E.M., Roth, W. and Drescher, A. (1999), "Slope stability analysis by strength reduction", Géotech., 49(6), 835-840. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1999.49.6.835.
  5. Del Gaudio, V., Pierri, P. and Calcagnile, G. (2012), "Analysis of seismic hazard in landslide-prone regions: criteria and example for an area of Daunia (southern Italy)", Nat. Hazards, 61, 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9886-5.
  6. Doi, I. and Kamai, T. (2020), "Relationship between earthquake induced excess pore water pressure and strong ground motion observed in a monitored fill slope", Eng. Geol., 266, 108391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105391.
  7. Faris, F. and Wang, F. (2014), "Investigation of the initiation mechanism of an earthquake-induced landslide during rainfall: A case study of the Tandikat landslide, West Sumatra, Indonesia", Geoenviron. Disasters, 1(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-014-0004-3.
  8. Forbes, K. and Broadhead, J. (2011), Forests and Landslides: The Role of Trees and Forests in the Prevention of Landslides and Rehabilitation of Landslide-affected Areas in Asia, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
  9. Forest Geographic Information Service (2019), Forest Geographic Information Service; Korea Forest Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea. https://map.forest.go.kr/forest/
  10. Geology Map (2019), Big Data Open Platform; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. https://data.kigam.re.kr/mgeo/map/main.do?process=geology_50k
  11. GTS NX (2019), GTS NX 2019 (v2.1) Release Notes, Midas, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
  12. Hilber, H.M., Hughes, T.J.R. and Taylor, R.L. (1977), "Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 5(3), 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290050306.
  13. Huang, D., Song, Y., Ma, G., Pei, X. and Huang, R. (2019), "Numerical modeling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered Niumiangou landslide considering effects of pore water pressure", Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78(7), 4713-4729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-01433-7.
  14. Ishiyama, Y. (2011), Introduction to Earthquake Engineering and Seismic Codes in the World, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
  15. Jee, H.W. and Han, S.W. (2021), "Assessment of seismic risk of a typical RC building for the 2016 Gyeongju and potential earthquakes", Earthq Struct., 20(3), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.3.337.
  16. Jeon, S., Kim, D., Choi, W. and Choi, E. (2014), "Prediction of the landslide and effect on heritage located in mountain induced earthquake", J. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig., 14(2), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2019.20.6.15.
  17. Karakas, G., Nefeslioglu, H.A., Kocaman, S., Buyukdemircioglu, M., Yurur, T. and Gokceoglu, C. (2021), "Derivation of earthquake-induced landslide distribution using aerial photogrammetry: the January 24, 2020, Elazig (Turkey) earthquake", Landslides, 18(6), 2193-2209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01660-2.
  18. Kim, H.S., Kim, D.K. and Jeon, G.W. (2021), "Seismic analysis and performance for stone pagoda structure under Gyeongju earthquake in Korea", Earthq Struct., 21(5), 531-549. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.21.5.531.
  19. Kim, S.W. and Lee, K. (2010), "Rock classification and aggregate evaluation of tertiary unconsolidated deposits", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 26(7), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2010.26.7.25.
  20. Korea Forest Service (2019), Forest Disasters 2018; National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  21. Korea Meteorological Administration (2018), Pohang Earthquake Analysis Report, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  22. Landslide Risk Map (2019), Landslide Information System; Korea Forest Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea. https://sansatai.forest.go.kr/gis/main.do#mhms0
  23. Lee, C.H., Park, J.H., Kim, S.Y., Kim, D.K. and Jun, S.C. (2022), "Structural damage potentials and design implications of 2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquakes in Korea", Earthq Struct., 22(3), 205-318. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2022.22.3.305.
  24. Lee, S.G. and Winter, M.G. (2019), "The effects of debris flow in the Republic of Korea and some issues for successful risk reduction", Eng. Geol., 251, 172-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.01.003.
  25. Li, C. and Su, L. (2021), "Influence of critical acceleration model on assessments of potential earthquake-induced landslide hazards in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, China", Landslides, 18(5), 1659-1674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01578-1.
  26. Li, Y., Chen, G., Tang, C., Zhou, G. and Zheng, L. (2012), "Rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS and Artificial Neural Network", Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12(8), 2719-2729. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2719-2012.
  27. Lin, A., Ren, Z. and Kumahara, Y. (2010), "Structural analysis of the coseismic shear zone of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China", J. Struct. Geol., 32(6), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.05.004.
  28. Luo, J., Pei, X., Evans S.G. and Huang, R. (2019), "Mechanics of the earthquake-induced Hongshiyan landslide in the 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian earthquake, Yunnan, China", Eng. Geol., 251, 197-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.11.011.
  29. Martino, S., Battaglia, S., D'Alessandro, F., Della Seta, M., Esposito, C., Martini, G., Pallone, F. and Troiani, F. (2020), "Earthquake-induced landslide scenarios for seismic microzonation: Application to the Accumoli area (Rieti, Italy)", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 18(12), 5655-5673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00589-1.
  30. Moon, Y.H., Lee, S.E., Kim, M.S. and Baek, J.L. (2016), "Analyzing types of urban areas at high risk to landslide hazard based on the GIS approach", J. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig., 16(3), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2016.16.3.47.
  31. National Geography Information Institute (2017), The National Atlas of Korea I. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
  32. Newmark, N.M. (1959), "A method of computation for structural dynamics", J. Eng. Mech. Div., 85(3), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0000098.
  33. Nguyen, B.Q.V., Song, C.H. and Kim, Y.T. (2022), "Hybrid physical and machine learning model for assessing landslide spatial probability caused by raising of ground water table and earthquake in Atsuma, Japan — Case study", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 26(8), 3416-3429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-1656-2.
  34. Park, J.J. (2015), "Mechanical characteristics of Pohang area mudstone as material for reclamation material", Ph.D. Dissertation, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Republic of Korea.
  35. Pavlides, S.B. and Tranos, M.D. (1991), "Structural characteristics of two strong earthquakes in the North Aegean: Ierissos (1932) and Agios Efstratios (1968)", J. Struct. Geol., 13(2), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90067-S.
  36. Valkaniotis, S., Papthanassiou, G. and Ganas, A. (2018), "Mapping an earthquake-induced landslide based on UAV imager, case study of the 2015 Okeanos landslide, Lefkada, Greece", Eng. Geol., 245, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.08.010.
  37. Wang, H., Liu, S., Xu, W., Yan, L., Qu, X. and Xie, W. (2020), "Numerical investigation on the sliding process and deposit feature of an earthquake-induced landslide: A case study", Landslides, 17(11), 2671-2682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01446-y.
  38. Woo, C., Kwon, H., Lee, C. and Kim, K. (2014), "Landslide hazard prediction map based on logistic regression model for applying in the whole country of South Korea", Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig., 14(6), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2014.14.6.117
  39. Wood, H.O. and Neumann, F. (1931), "Modified mercalli intensity scale of 1931", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 21(4), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0210040277.
  40. Xie, J., Wang, M., Liu, K. and Coulthard, T. (2018), "Modeling sediment movement and channel response to rainfall variability after a major earthquake", Geomorphol., 320, 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.07.022.
  41. Xu, C., Xu, X., Zhou, B. and Yu, G. (2013), "Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map based on coseismic landslide abundance", Nat. Hazards, 69(3), 1459-1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0757-0.
  42. Yang, H., Cui, S., Pei, S., Fan, X. and Lei, J. (2023), "Multiple earthquake-induced progressive failure of bedding slopes with a saturated weak layer: Shaking table model tests", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 170, 107906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107906.
  43. Yang, S., Li, S., Xue, Y. and Zhang, Q. (2016), "Study of stability of large landslide considering fluid solid coupling", Arab. J. Geosci., 9(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2113-z.
  44. Yang, Z., Lan, H., Liu, H., Li, L., Wu, Y., Meng, Y. and Xu, L. (2015), "Post-earthquake rainfall-triggered slope stability analysis in the Lushan area", J. Mount. Sci., 12(1), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2839-6.
  45. Zêzere, J.L., Oliveira, S.C., Garcia, R.A.C. and Reis, E. (2007), "Landslide risk analysis in the area North of Lisbon (Portugal): Evaluation of direct and indirect costs resulting from a motorway disruption by slope movement", Landslides, 4, 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0070-z.
  46. Zhang, S., Li, C., Zhang, L., Peng, M., Zhan, L. and Xu, Q. (2020), "Quantification of human vulnerability to earthquake-induced landslides using Bayesian network", Eng. Geol., 265, 105436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105436.
  47. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Humpheson, C. and Lewis, R.W. (1975), "Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics", Géotech., 25(4), 671-689. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1975.25.4.671.