한국지리정보학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies)

  • 제28권1호
  • /
  • Pages.14-34
  • /
  • 2025
  • /
  • 1226-9719(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-6952(eISSN)
한국지리정보학회 (The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

열섬 현상을 반영한 지속 가능한 토지이용계획 수립 방안 연구 - 가덕도 신공항 배후지역을 중심으로 -

Developing Sustainable Land Use Planning Strategies Reflecting Urban Heat Island Phenomena - A Case Study of the Hinterland Area of the Gaduk New Airport -

  • 배민철 (경상국립대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 이소영 (경상국립대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 유희철 (경상국립대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 주희선 (경상국립대학교 도시공학과)
  • Bae, Min Cheul (Department of Urban Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, So-Yeong (Department of Urban Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yu, Hi-Cheol (Department of Urban Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Joo, Hee-Sun (Department of Urban Engineering, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 투고 : 2024.12.03
  • 심사 : 2025.02.24
  • 발행 : 2025.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

도시화와 기후 변화로 인한 도시 열섬(UHI) 현상은 도시 기온 상승, 생태계 파괴, 주민 건강 악화 등 다양한 환경적 문제를 초래하고 있다. 본 연구는 거제시를 사례로 2018년과 2023년의 토지피복 변화를 분석하고, 도시개발사업과 열섬 현상 간의 상관관계를 규명하였다. 특히, 가덕도 신공항 배후지역으로 지정된 거제시 북부 지역은 향후 대규모 도시개발이 예상되며, 이에 따른 열섬 현상 발생 가능성이 높아 이를 사전에 완화하기 위한 토지이용계획을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구에서는 2018년과 2023년의 열섬 데이터를 Spline 보간법과 Contour 기법을 활용해 분석하였으며, Landsat 8 위성 데이터를 통해 도시개발사업이 열섬 현상에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 북부 지역에서 도시개발이 열 축적을 증가시키고 열섬 현상을 심화시킬 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 열섬 완화를 목표로 한 토지이용계획을 수립하였다. 주요 계획에는 해륙풍 순환을 촉진하기 위해 내륙 지역에는 저밀·중고층 주거용지를 배치하고, 해안가에는 고밀·저층 상업용지를 배치하여 공기의 흐름을 원활히 하는 방안을 포함하였다. 또한, 공공시설은 저밀·중고층으로 설계하여 열 축적을 줄이고 자연 환기를 강화하였다. 주요 간선도로는 해안과 내륙을 연결하도록 배치하여 공기 흐름을 촉진하였으며, 블루-그린 네트워크와 녹지 공간을 활용하여 열 축적 저감과 공기 순환 효과를 극대화하였다. 본 연구는 지역적 특성을 반영한 맞춤형 토지이용계획을 통해 도시 열섬 현상을 완화하고 지속 가능한 도시 개발과 환경적 안정성을 도모할 수 있는 실질적인 방향을 제시하였다.

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, exacerbated by urbanization and climate change, has led to various environmental issues, including increased urban temperatures, ecosystem degradation, and adverse health impacts on residents. This study analyzes the land cover changes in Geoje-si between 2018 and 2023 and investigates the relationship between urban development projects and UHI. In particular, the northern area of Geoje-si, designated as the hinterland for the new Gadukdo Airport, is anticipated to undergo large-scale urban development, which raises the likelihood of intensified UHI effects. Accordingly, this study aims to propose a land use plan to mitigate UHI in advance. The research employed Spline interpolation and Contour methods to analyze UHI data for 2018 and 2023 and utilized Landsat 8 satellite data to evaluate the impact of urban development projects on UHI. The results indicate that urban development in the northern area could increase heat accumulation and intensify the UHI phenomenon. Based on these findings, a land use plan targeting UHI mitigation was developed. Key proposals include the allocation of low-density, mid-rise residential zones inland to enhance sea-land breeze circulation, and the designation of high-density, low-rise commercial zones along the coastline to facilitate airflow. Public facilities were designed with low-density, mid-rise structures to minimize heat accumulation and enhance natural ventilation. Furthermore, major arterial roads were strategically planned to connect coastal and inland areas, promoting air circulation. The plan also incorporated a blue-green network and green spaces to maximize heat reduction and improve air flow. This study presents a customized land use plan that reflects local characteristics, offering a practical approach to mitigating the UHI phenomenon and fostering sustainable urban development and environmental stability.

키워드

과제정보

이 연구는 2024년도 한국연구재단 연구비 지원에 의한 결과의 일부임. 과제번호:RS-2024-0033901561382116530101

참고문헌

  1. Andersson, Å.E. and K. Kottenhoff. 2001. Urban density and transportation fuel consumption. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 44(3):377-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560120046124
  2. Arnfield, A. J. 2003. Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology 23 (1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.859
  3. Bowler, D.E., L. Buyung-Ali, T.M. Knight and A.S. Pullin. 2010. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning 97(3): 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006
  4. Carr, D.B., R.J. Littlefield, W.L. Nicholson and J.S. Littlefield. 1987. Scatterplot matrix techniques for large N. Journal of the American Statistical Association 82 (398):424-436. https://doi.org/10.2307/2289444
  5. Casetti, E. 1972. Generating Models by the Expansion Method: Applications to Geographical Research. Geographical Analysis 4(1):81–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1972.tb00458.x
  6. Cervero, R. 2003. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Island Press:480.
  7. Debbage, N. and J.M. Shepherd. 2015. The urban heat island effect and city contiguity. Computers Environment and Urban Systems 54:181-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.08.002
  8. Gartland, L. 2012. Heat islands: Understanding and mitigating heat in urban areas. Earthscan:208.
  9. Gill, S.E., J.F. Handley, A.R. Ennos and S. Pauleit. 2007. Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment, 33(1):115-133. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.33.1.115
  10. Gunawardena, K.R., M.J. Wells and T. Kershaw. 2017. Utilising green and blue space to mitigate urban heat island intensity. Science of the Total Environment, 584:1040-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158
  11. Hall, P. and C. Ward. 1998. The Garden City: Past, Present, and Future. London: Spon Press:240.
  12. IPCC. 1997. The Kyoto Protocol: A Framework for Action. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:21.
  13. Isaaks, E.H. and R.M. Srivastava. 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press:561.
  14. Je, M.H. and S.H. Jung. 2018. Urban Heat Island Intensity Analysis by Landuse Types. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 18(11):1-12 (제민희, 정승현. 2018. 토지이용 유형별 도시열섬강도 분석. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 18(11):1 -12).
  15. Kim, J.S., D.K. Lee, S.Y. Sung, S.G. Jeong and J.H. Park. 2015 Study of vulnerable district characteristics on urban heat island according to land use using normalized index - Focused on Daegu Metropolitan City residential district-. Journal of Korea Planning Association 50(5):59-72 (김준식, 이동근, 성선용, 정승규, 박종훈. 2015. 정규화 지수를 이용한 토지이용에 따른 도시열섬 취약지 특성 분석. 국토계획 50(5):59-72) https://doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2015.08.50.5.59
  16. Kim, S.B. and H.D. Kim. 2002. Influences of Urban Trees on the Control of the Temperature. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 30(3):25-34 (김수봉, 김해동. 2002. 도시의 수목이 기온의 조절에 미치는 영향. 한국조경학회지 30(3):25-34.).
  17. Kim, Y.J., D.H. Kang and K.H. Ahn. 2015. Characteristics of Urban Heat-Island Phenomena caused by Climate Changes in Seoul and Alternative Urban Design Approaches for their Improvements, Urban Design 12(3):5-14 (김용진, 강동화, 안건혁. 2011. 기후변화에 따른 도시열섬현상 특성 변화와 도시설계적 대안 모색에 관한 기초연구. 한국도시설계학회지 12(3):5-14).
  18. Kleerekoper, L., M. van Esch and T. B. Salcedo. 2012. How to make a city climate-proof, addressing the urban heat island effect. Resources Conservation and Recycling 64:30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.06.004
  19. Landsberg. 1981. The Urban Climate. International Geophysics series Volume 28:1-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(08)60183-7
  20. Lee, K.G., T.W. Kim, W.D. Seo and W.H. Hong. 2011. A Study on the Temperature Variation Rate and Temperature Controlling Effect of Parks and Rivers in a City. KIEAE Journal 11(3):3-9 (이강국, 김태우, 서원덕, 홍원화. 2011. 도시 내 공원과 하천의 기온변화율과 기온완화효과에 관한 연구. 한국생태환경건축학회논문집. 한국생태환경건축학회 11(3):3-9).
  21. Lee, K.I. and C.H. Lim. 2022, Analysis of the Surface Urban Heat Island Changes according to Urbanization in Sejong City Using Landsat Imagery, Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(3):225-236 (이경일, 임철희. 2022. Landsat영상을 이용한 토지피복 변화에 따른 행정중심복합도시의 표면 열섬현상 변화분석. 대한원격탐사학회지 38(3):225-236).
  22. Mitchell, A. 1999. The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis Volume 1: Geographic Patterns and Relationships. Redlands. CA: ESRI Press:312.
  23. Myeong, S.J. 2009. A Study on Strategies to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effects as Part of Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas. Korea Environment Institute:1-37. (명수정, 2009, 도시지역의 기후변화 적응을 위한 열섬현상 완화방안 연구, 기초연구보고서 pp.1-37).
  24. Oke, T. R. 1988. The urban energy balance. Progress in Physical Geography 12(4):471-508. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913338801200401
  25. Palmer, M. W., D. J. McGlinn and J. D. Fridley. 2002. Artifact and Artifact-Free Estimations of Interpolated Surfaces: Spline Interpolation Revisited. Journal of Vegetation Science 13(1):19–28.
  26. Park, J.B., H.N. Im, S.H. Kim and C.G. Choi. 2017. An Effect of Building Coverage Ratio and Floor-Area Ratio on Urban Heat Island Effect - Focused on Multi-Family Housing and Apartments with Automatic Weather Station in Seoul-. Journal of Korea Planning Association 52(7):159-176 (박재빈, 임하나, 김수현, 최창규. 2017. 다세대·다가구 우세지역과 아파트 우세지역의 건폐율과 용적률이 열섬효과에 미치는 영향분석 : 서울시 AWS지점을 중심으로. 국토계획 52(7):159 -176). https://doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2017.12.52.7.159
  27. Rodrigue, J.P., C. Comtois and B. Slack. 2016. The geography of transport systems (4th ed.). Routledge:454.
  28. Smith, A., B. Jones and C. Taylor. 2000. The Sensitivity of Contour Mapping to Data Quality and Interval Settings. Journal of Geographical Information Systems 12 (3):245-257.
  29. Smith, B. and J. E. Olesen. 2010. Urban Responses to Climate Challenges: Lessons from International Cooperation. Climate Policy Journal 8(2):12–24.
  30. Stewart, I.D. and T.R. Oke. (2012). 'Local climate zones for urban temperature studies.' Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93(12):1879-1900. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1
  31. UN-Habitat. 2020. World Cities Report 2020: The Value of Sustainable Urbanization. UN-Habitat:418.
  32. World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press:300.
  33. Yang, L., F. Qian, D. X. Song and K. J. Zheng. 2016. Research on Urban Heat Island Effect. Procedia Engineering 169: 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.10.002
  34. Yang, X., L. Zhao, M. Bruse and Q. Meng. 2013. An integrated simulation method for building energy performance assessment in urban environments. Energy and Buildings 54:243-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.07.042
  35. Yun, H.C., M.G. Kim and K.Y. Jung. 2013. Analysis of Temperature Change by Forest Growth for Mitigation of the Urban Heat Island. Journal of the korean society of Survey 31(2):143-150 (윤희천, 김민규, 정갑용. 2013. 도시열섬 완화를 위한 녹지증가에 따른 온도변화 분석. 한국측량학회지 31(2):143-150). https://doi.org/10.7848/KSGPC.2013.31.2.143