Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology (웰빙융합연구)

KODISA Foundation (재단법인 코디사재단)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Aging Odor and Indoor Air Odor: A Comparative Study of Chemical Mechanisms and Sustainable Removal Strategies

  • Received : 2025.03.24
  • Accepted : 2025.04.12
  • Published : 2025.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose : This study investigates the biochemical mechanisms and removal strategies for aging odor (2-Nonenal) and indoor air odor (VOCs, H2S, NH3). Both odor types share volatile aldehydes as key contributors, making them persistent and challenging to eliminate with conventional deodorization methods. While aging odor originates from lipid peroxidation in sebaceous glands, indoor air odor is primarily caused by microbial metabolism and environmental pollutants. This study aims to develop a bio-based odor removal strategy integrating plant-based antioxidants, marine bio-adsorbents, and microbial degradation technologies for long-term odor control. Research Design & Data : A qualitative, literature-based research approach was employed, incorporating a systematic review of peer-reviewed journals, patents, and industrial reports. The study utilizes comparative analysis to evaluate the persistence, chemical structure, and removal techniques of aging and indoor air odor. Bio-based solutions are explored, including polyphenol-rich plant extracts, fucoidan-based marine bio-adsorbents, and enzymatic microbial filtration systems. Research Results : The findings reveal that conventional deodorization methods, such as chemical masking agents and activated carbon filters, provide only temporary relief and fail to address the underlying biochemical reactions leading to odor formation. In contrast, bio-based solutions offer sustainable, long-term odor management, effectively neutralizing both aging odor and indoor air pollutants. Conclusion : By integrating plant antioxidants, marine bio-adsorbents, and microbial enzymatic degradation, this study proposes a holistic, eco-friendly odor removal system applicable to personal hygiene, indoor air quality, and elderly care environments. Future research should focus on experimental validation and real-world application testing to optimize and commercialize bio-based deodorization technologies..

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is financially supported by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as 「Graduate School specialized in Climate Change」.

References

  1. Aduldejcharas, R. (2024). Bio responsive block: The performance of bio waste material with reduced environmental impact. Results in Materials, 23, 100589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100589
  2. Carini, M., Aldini, G., & Facino, R. M. (2004). Mass spectrometry for detection of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) adducts with peptides and proteins. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 23(4), 281-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.10076
  3. Claverie, M., McReynolds, C., Petitpas, A., Thomasand, M., & Fernandes, S. C. M. (2020). Marine-Derived Polymeric Materials and Biomimetics: An Overview. Polymers, 12(5), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051002
  4. Corsi, R. L. (2001). Sorptive interactions between VOCs and indoor materials. Indoor Air, 11(4), 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2001.110406.x
  5. Eder, E., Wacker, M., & Wanek, P. (2008). Lipid peroxidation related 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine-DNA adducts induced by endogenously formed 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in organs of female rats fed diets supplemented with sunflower, rapeseed, olive or coconut oil. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 654(2), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.04.010
  6. Fazlzadeh, M., Rostami, R., Baghani, A. B., Hazrati, S., & Mokammel, A. (2018). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations in indoor air of thermal springs. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 24(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1413537
  7. Gao, T., Wang, X., Li, Y., & Ren, F. (2023). The role of probiotics in skin health and related gut–skin axis: A review. Nutrients, 15(14), 3123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143123
  8. Haze, S., Gozu, Y., Nakamura, S., Kohno, Y., Sawano, K., Ohta, H., & Yamazaki, K. (2001). 2-Nonenal newly found in human body odor tends to increase with aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 116(4), 520-524. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01287.x
  9. Henschel, D. B. (2011). Cost analysis of activated carbon versus photocatalytic oxidation for removing organic compounds from indoor air. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 48(10), 985-994. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1998.10463744
  10. Iitani, K., Mori, H., Ichikawa, K., Toma, K., Arakawa, T., Iwasaki, Y., & Mitsubayashi, K. (2023). Gas-phase biosensors (Bio-Sniffers) for measurement of 2-Nonenal, the causative volatile molecule of human aging-related body odor. Sensors, 23(13), 5857. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135857
  11. Kasozi, N., Iwe, G. D., Walakira, J., & Langi, S. (2024). Integration of probiotics in aquaponic systems: An emerging alternative approach. Aquaculture International, 32, 2131-2150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01261-x
  12. Mendes, A., Pereira, C., Mendes, D., Aguiar, L., Neves, P., & Silva, S. (2013). Indoor air quality and thermal comfort—Results of a pilot study in elderly care centers in Portugal. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 76(4-5), 333-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.757213
  13. Nirmal, N., Demir, D., Ceylan, S., Ahmad, S., Goksen, G., Koirala, P., & Bono, G. (2024). Polysaccharides from shell waste of shellfish and their applications in the cosmeceutical industry: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 265(2), 131119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131119
  14. Parthasarathy, S., Maddalena, R. L., Russell, M. L., & Apte, M. G. (2011). Effect of temperature and humidity on formaldehyde emissions in temporary housing units. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61(6), 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.6.689
  15. Wietstock, P. C., & Methner, F. J. (2013). Formation of aldehydes by direct oxidative degradation of amino acids via hydroxyl and ethoxy radical attack in buffered model solutions. BrewingScience, 66, 104-114.
  16. Zhang, L., Wang, X., & Xu, Y. (2019). Temperature and humidity effects on volatile aldehyde emissions in indoor air. Atmospheric Environment, 215, 116889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116889
  17. Zhou, X. (a), Zhou, X. (b), Wang, C., & Zhou, H. (2023). Environmental and human health impacts of volatile organic compounds: A perspective review. Chemosphere, 313, 137489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137489