Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of saturated fat supplementation and forage-neutral detergent fiber content on production performance of lactating buffaloes

  • Received : 2024.11.01
  • Accepted : 2025.03.27
  • Published : 2025.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to find out the effects of dietary forage-neutral detergent fiber (fNDF), saturated fat, and their interaction on milk production, composition, and blood metabolites in lactating buffaloes. Methods: Sixteen multiparous buffaloes received 4 treatments with 2 different levels of fNDF and saturated fat according to a changeover design with 6-wk periods under restricted feed intake. Within each fNDF level, the buffaloes received 1 of the 2 saturated fat levels for 3-week subperiods, which corresponded to the following treatments: 1) 23.4% fNDF and 0% fat, 2) 23.4% fNDF and 2% fat, 3) 33.5% fNDF and 0% fat and 4) 33.5% fNDF and 2% fat. Results: Increasing fNDF levels increased the body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), and rumen pH. Despite these changes, levels of fNDF did not alter the milk components and yield. Dietary saturated fat supplies improved milk fat content and tended to enhance the yields of milk fat and fat-corrected milk. In addition, the saturated dietary fat supplies increased BW, milk nitrogen efficiency, and cholesterol concentration, and decreased predicted methane yield. However, the milk yield, BCS, and rumen pH remained unaffected by dietary fat supplies. A high fNDF diet with dietary saturated fat supplementation tended to increase the milk fat content. Conclusion: Balancing diets with saturated fats and fiber significantly affects productivity. These results indicate that feeding fNDF with saturated fat may be a viable option for producers to improve milk fat production, enhance body condition, and reduce methane production in buffaloes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to the dairy farm staff of LES, Bhunikey in animal care and data collection. The authors acknowledge the staff at the Nutrition laboratory of BRI, Pattoki for their assistance in feed sample analysis.

References

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAOSTAT: statistical database. FAO; 2023.
  2. Hifzulrahman, Abdullah M, Akhtar MU, et al. Comparison of oil and fat supplementation on lactation performance of Nili Ravi buffaloes. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:3000-9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15452
  3. Akhtar MU, Hifzulrahman, Imran M, et al. Nitrogen balance, production performance, and plasma metabolites of lactating buffaloes in response to varying dietary protein levels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021;53:443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02883-0
  4. National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th ed. National Academies Press; 2001.
  5. Weiss WP, Pinos-Rodríguez JM. Production responses of dairy cows when fed supplemental fat in low- and highforage diets. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:6144-55. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2558
  6. Xu Q, Zhong H, Zhou J, et al. Lignin degradation by water buffalo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021;53:344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02787-z
  7. Pegolo S, Stocco G, Mele M, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Factors affecting variations in the detailed fatty acid profile of Mediterranean buffalo milk determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:2564-76. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11696
  8. AlZahal O, Or-Rashid MM, Greenwood SL, Douglas MS, McBride BW. The effect of dietary fiber level on milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile of cows fed diets containing low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:1108-16. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1472
  9. Mills JAN, Dijkstra J, Bannink A, Cammell SB, Kebreab E, France J. A mechanistic model of whole-tract digestion and methanogenesis in the lactating dairy cow: model development, evaluation, and application. J Anim Sci 2001;79:1584-97. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.7961584x
  10. Benchaar C, Hassanat F, Martineau R, Gervais R. Linseed oil supplementation to dairy cows fed diets based on red clover silage or corn silage: effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, N balance, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:7993-8008. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9398
  11. Piantoni P, Lock AL, Allen MS. Saturated fat supplementation interacts with dietary forage neutral detergent fiber content during the immediate postpartum and carryover periods in Holstein COWS: production responses and digestibility of nu-trients. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:3309-22. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8798
  12. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 18th rev. ed. AOAC International; 2005.
  13. Adin G, Solomon R, Nikbachat M, et al. Effect of feeding cows in early lactation with diets differing in roughage-neutral detergent fiber content on intake behavior, rumination, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:3364-73. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2078
  14. INRA. Nutrition of cattle, sheep and goats: animal needs values of feeds. Quae Editions; 2007.
  15. Patra AK. Recent advances in measurement and dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions in ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2016;3:39. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00039
  16. Steel RGD, Torrie JH. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1980.
  17. Kendall C, Leonardi C, Hoffman PC, Combs DK. Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:313-23. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1482
  18. Ben Meir YA, Nikbachat M, Portnik Y, et al. Effect of forageto-concentrate ratio on production efficiency of low-efficient high-yielding lactating cows. Animal 2021;15:100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100012
  19. Ranjan A, Sahoo B, Singh VK, Srivastava S, Singh SP, Pattanaik AK. Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive performance and blood biochemical profile in lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012;44:1615-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0115-3
  20. Anwar S, Khalique A, Hifzulrahman, et al. Effects of prilled fat supplementation in diets with varying protein levels on production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes. Anim Biosci 2024;37:1387-97. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0543
  21. Mudgal V, Baghel RPS, Ganie A, Srivastava S. Effect of feeding bypass fat on intake and production performance of lactating crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Res 2012;46:103-4.
  22. Loften JR, Linn JG, Drackley JK, Jenkins TC, Soderholm CG, Kertz AF. Invited review: palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:4661-74. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-7919
  23. Sterk A, Johansson BEO, Taweel HZH, et al. Effects of forage type, forage to concentrate ratio, and crushed linseed supplementation on milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011;94:6078-91. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4617
  24. Grummer RR. Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. T Dairy Sci 1991;74:3244-57. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78510-X
  25. Singh SP, Singh R. Evaluating effects of bypass fat supplementation on early lactation in Murrah buffaloes. J Anim Res 2018;8:823-6. https://doi.org/10.30954/2277-940X.10.2018.12
  26. Hassanat F, Gervais R, Julien C, et al. Replacing alfalfa silage with corn silage in dairy cow diets: effects on enteric methane production, ruminal fermentation, digestion, N balance, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:4553-67. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6480
  27. Janssen PH. Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010;160:1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.002
  28. Moss AR, Jouany JP, Newbold J. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. Ann Zootech 2000;49:231-53. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2000119
  29. Livingstone KM, Humphries DJ, Kirton P, Kliem KE, Givens DI, Reynolds CK. Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:4000-11. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8987
  30. Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, Benchaar C, Holtshausen L. Crushed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds in lactating dairy cow diets: effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:2118-27. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1903
  31. Shelke SK, Thakur SS, Amrutkar SA. Effect of feeding protected fat and proteins on milk production, composition and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012;171:98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.003