Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Phuphan chicken breeds: classification as varieties or distinct breeds with three derivative groups using microsatellite genotyping

  • Ekerette Ekerette (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Nivit Tanglertpaibul (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Trifan Budi (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Wisut Auekingpetch (Phuphan Royal Development Study Centre, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board (ORDPB)) ;
  • Chien Phuoc Tran Nguyen (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Worapong Singchat (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Wongsathit Wongloet (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Nichakorn Kumnan (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Piangjai Chalermwong (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Anh Huynh Luu (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Thitipong Panthum (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Aingorn Chaiyes (School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University) ;
  • Kanithaporn Vangnai (Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Chotika Yokthongwattana (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Chomdao Sinthuvanich (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Narongrit Muangmai (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Prateep Duengkae (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University) ;
  • Kornsorn Srikulnath (Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University)
  • Received : 2024.08.14
  • Accepted : 2025.03.27
  • Published : 2025.10.01
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Abstract

Objective: Indigenous and local breeds, such as Phuphan chickens, are vital due to their adaptability and nutritional value. However, the precise origin, historical records, and genetic diversity of Phuphan chickens remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate origin and genetic diversity of four Phuphan chicken groups from the Phuphan Royal Development Study Centre. Methods: This study assesses four groups of Phuphan chicken: Phuphan black 1 (SK-B1), Phuphan black 2 (KU-BM/F), Phuphan white (KU-WM/F), and Phuphan color (KU-VM/F) using 28 microsatellite markers and comparing them with those of other Thai chicken breeds within "The Siam Chicken Bioresource Project" database. Results: The results highlighted significant genetic diversity among these groups (mean expected heterozygosity [He] = 0.623±0.014; Allelic richness [AR] = 4.594±0.124), indicating effective management through the breeding program of the Phuphan Royal Development Study Centre. Population structure analyses revealed distinct gene pools, emphasizing the genetic uniqueness of SK-B1 relative to the other three groups. Bayesian inference validated historical genetic exchanges, primarily among KU-BM/F, KU-WM/F, and KU-VM/F, with limited exchanges involving SK-B1. This suggests that the Phuphan chicken groups share a common lineage, primarily distinguished by variations in plumage color, resulting from residual selection processes. Microsatellite markers pinpointed the loci LEI0234, MCW206, MCW0016, MCW0222, MCW0098, MCW0165, and ADL0278 as potentially subject to directional selection and associated with plumage color variation among the Phuphan chicken groups. Comparative evaluations with other Thai indigenous local chickens and red junglefowl revealed a closer affinity of SK-B1 to existing Thai chicken breeds, suggesting it may represent a variant of these breeds. Alternatively, KU-BM/F, KU-WM/F, and KU-VM/F, which exhibited comparable external characteristics, may constitute a novel breed of Phuphan chicken. Conclusion: The findings may enhance understanding on genetic architecture of Phuphan chicken groups and contribute to Thailand's economic growth while preserving the genetic diversity of the indigenous chickens.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank the Department of Livestock Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand, and Phuphan Royal Development Study Centre, Sakhon Nakhon, Thailand, for helping us to collect samples. We thank the Center for Agricultural Biotechnology (CAB) at Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus and the NSTDA Supercomputer Center (ThaiSC) for supporting us with server analysis services. We also thank the Faculty of Science at Kasetsart University (No. 6501.0901.1-71; 6501.0901.1432; 6501.0901.1-331; 6501.0901.1-336; and 6501.0901.1-473), and the Betagro Group for providing research facilities.

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