Abstract
This paper investigates the structure of primitive roots in the multiplicative group ℤ*p, where p is a quasi-safe prime of the form p = 2q-1 with q a prime. Building upon previous work on iterated divisor functions and r-level primes, we examine the algebraic behavior of primitive roots under various modular conditions. We also show that the set of primitive roots for quasi-safe primes exhibits a symmetric structure under negation. Our approach combines number-theoretic analysis with computational experiments, extending previous results on safe primes to the broader class of quasi-safe primes.