Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Co-ensiling whole-plant mulberry with navel orange residue enhances fermentation quality, bacterial community, and in vitro digestibility

  • Rongqiang Chen (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Qiang Zhang (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Xiang Ou (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Xianhong Cao (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Lijuan Wu (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Hai Lian (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Hualiang Xie (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Xianghui Zhao (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University) ;
  • Xiaowen Lei (Ganzhou Key Laboratory for the Exploration and Utilization of Novel Feed Resources, Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences)
  • Received : 2025.09.22
  • Accepted : 2025.12.11
  • Published : 2026.05.01
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Abstract

Objective: Navel orange residue (NOR) is considered to improve the silage quality of whole-plant mulberry (WPM) because of its high water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content. In order to investigate the mechanism underlying NOR regulated WPM silage quality, the chemical composition, fermentation quality, bacterial community, and in vitro digestibility of WPM and NOR mixed silages were analyzed. Methods: WPM and NOR were mixed at ratios of 10:0 (MCK), 7:3 (M7O3), 5:5 (M5O5), and 3:7 (M3O7) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Samples were collected after 15, 30, and 45 days of ensiling to study their chemical composition, fermentation quality, bacterial community, and in vitro digestibility. The optimal treatment was identified through membership function analysis. Results: In comparison with MCK, incorporating 30%-70% NOR ensiled for 15-45 days significantly increased DM, WSC, lactic acid, and acetic acid (AA) contents (p<0.05). At the same time, it resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pH, and NH3-N (p<0.05). The NOR addition encouraged the beneficial heterofermentative species Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus panis, and Lactobacillus buchneri, whilst preventing unfavorable microorganisms (p<0.05). In addition, in vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that adding 30%-70% NOR and ensiling for 15-30 days markedly increased in vitro DM digestibility, gas production, total volatile fatty acids, AA, and propionic acid (PA) (p<0.05), along with a significant decrease in the AA/PA ratio (p<0.05). M3O7 ensiled for 15 days and M5O5 ensiled for 30 days achieved high membership function values of 0.839 and 0.732, respectively. Conclusion: Co-ensiling WPM with 30%-70% NOR for 15-45 days significantly enhanced fermentation quality, improved bacterial diversity, and increased in vitro digestibility. Overall, the optimal strategies for producing high-quality silage are co-ensiling WPM with either 70% NOR for 15 days or 50% NOR for 30 days.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects (20221ZDF03017), Ganzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects (2023PNS27065).

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