Geomechanics and Engineering

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Shear effect on anchorage interfaces of rock slope with weak layer and the effect of ground-motion parameters

  • Zhe Long (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction) ;
  • Baojian Liu (SCIVIC Engineering Corporation) ;
  • Juyun Zhai (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction) ;
  • Fei Liu (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction) ;
  • Zhixin Yan (School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Mengfei Liang (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction) ;
  • Hailing Liao (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction) ;
  • Haoming Yang (School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction)
  • Received : 2025.07.27
  • Accepted : 2026.04.21
  • Published : 2026.05.10
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Abstract

In this research, the similar materials of rock that could be used to construct a large-scale test model by using pouring method were investigated using the orthogonal experimental design, and a model of anchored rock slope containing a weak layer was poured for the first time by casting a specimen followed by excitation on a large-scale shaking table. By doing so, the shear effects on two anchorage interfaces of a rock slope containing a weak layer under the effect of seismic waves with different types, amplitudes, and excitation directions, and the influence of ground-motion parameters on the shear effect were investigated. The results showed that the shear effect first appeared on the grout-rock interface under seismic action, which caused deformation of the grout layer and the shear effect on the bolt-grout interface; the peak shear stresses on the two anchorage interfaces of a rock slope increased with increasing amplitude of input seismic waves and their rate of growth increased therewith; under the effect of different types of seismic waves, the shear effects on the two anchorage interfaces of a rock slope showed disparity, in which the peak shear stresses on the two anchorage interfaces were maximised under the effect of sinusoidal waves; in different directions of seismic excitation, there were also different shear effects manifest on the two anchorage interfaces: the peak shear stresses on the two anchorage interfaces when seismic waves were excited in the Z-direction alone were lower than those under seismic excitation in the X-direction alone. The influence of seismic excitation in the X and Z-directions combined on peak shear stresses on the two anchorage interfaces was closely related to the type of seismic wave input. The research revealed the anchoring mechanism of the rock slope under seismic action, which is expected to guide related theoretical research, experimental research, numerical simulation, and seismic design.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The work was supported by a general programme of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 41372307). The authors are grateful for the assistance rendered by Master's candidates Wei Shi, Chunbo Liu, Feifei Jin, Guoqiang Yao, and Peng Xiao under the supervision of Professor Zhixin Yan for their work in the experiment.

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