The use of preformed polymers and their cross-linking have been attempted in order to improve the intrinsic fragility of monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films and to make their technological applications possible. It has shown that an imidization followed a polyion-complexation can stabilize the LB films against heat and solvents. And, when the polymer structure was properly designed, concurrent removal of the alkyl tails together with imide formation could be accomplished. In this paper, we present a characteristic monolayer behavior of polymer with pendent polyethers and carboxyls, it's polyion-complexed LB film with subphase polymer PAA, and a possible skeletonization of the LB film by thermal imidization. Also, deposition status of LB films are evaluated by using QCM.

In this paper, we proposed a new method which does not need no load test for the characteristics analysis of linear induction motor. A new equivalent circuit of LIM is chosen and a method of determining its constants from results of the lock test is discussed. The calculated results were satisfactorily agreed with experimental results and conventional method.

This paper decribed the development of Thermal Imaging Oservation System(TIOS) using the serial-parallel scan method. The detectors scan five lines at a tine. These are put into serial order by electronic scan converter. Digital memory and high speed multiplexer are used for the serial conversion instead of charge coupled devices. As a result, thermal imaging system be presented with exellent performance which MRTD value is less than $0.5^{\circ}K$ at 7.5 cycles/mm.

The correlation between electrical conduct ion and dielectric relaxation properties of copper ion conducting glasses is discussed. The glasses were prepared in the system $CuI-Cu_2S-Cu_2O-MoO_3$ using rapid quenching technique. These glasses have high ionic conductivities at room temperature in the range of $10^{circ}$[S/m], and the conductivities increase with increasing CuI content. The activation energies for conduction are 0.26-0.57 eV. The dielectric relaxation times are 1-10uS, and the activation energy for ion jumping are 0.18-0.41eV. It is shown that the tendency of conduction properties depending on composition of the glass is similar those of dilectric relaxation.

In this study PLZT was selected which has the excel lent quadratic electro-optic property and slim-loop. It was fabricated by the methods of vacuum hot-pressing and sintering. The electrode of color filter was evaporated using the interdigital type masks. Through XRD have we investigated the molecular structure composition formular. Hysteresis and transmission characteristics were measured. The transmission of RGB was envestigated. We are going to study the correlation of coercive field and the nontransmited field.

The dielectric properties of pressboard depend on the chemical and fine structures as well as on the macroscopic structure of pressboard. The investigate on the dielectric characteristics of pressboard, therefore, provides an important approach to an understanding of the correlation between the characteristics and the structure of pressboard. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dielectric properties of pressboard.

This paper describes ozone concentration and discharge characteristics in flowing $O_2$ with variation of Re at high voltage nozzle(HVN). HVN type ozonizer is equipped with ten nozzle. The important conclusions obtained from this paper are as follows. For constant pulse width(Pw) and pulse frequency(Pf) the more Re increases, the higher corona onset voltage(Vc) rise. Vc is inversely proportional to Pw and Pf. Ozone concentration($O_{3con}$) increases with less Re for constant Pw and Pf. $O_{3con}$ increases with less Pw. $O_{3con}$ is proportional to Pf.

A measuring technique for the fast transient high voltage is under development by use of laser source in order to substitute for the conventional measuring system which could bring about several technical inconveniences. At this moment, this work is aimed to construct a compact measuring system with the use of Pockels cell and specially designed voltage divider. This system is likely to enable us to measure the lightening impulse voltages at the level of 30kV, 50kV and 70kV. Throughout this work, qualified measuring devices are required to be developed for discriminating different kinds of noise from which the system should be protected.

This paper describes a life expectation of electrical insulating materials using a mathematical model. The mathod simultaneously uses the maximum likelihood estimation and the Newton-Raphson method. By using these method, we will reduce time and costs in voltage-life aging test.

In order to obtain superior breakdown properties of Epoxy/$SiO_2$ composite materials at room and high temperature, the simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks(SIN) is introduced into the Epoxy resin. As a result, it is observed that dielectric breakdown strength tends to increase according to the following order ; Epoxy/$SiO_2$ specimens, specimens treated with coupling agent and SIN introduced specimens which have stable temperature characteristics at room and high temperature. For introducing SIN Epoxy/$SiO_2$ composite material, rise of glass transition temperature and suppression of defects in its internal structure is achieved. This in turn improves the dielectric breakdown strength and the heat proof property of Epoxy/$SiO_2$ composite materials.

In this study, the reponse characteristic of the time-changing magnetic field measurement system by using the self-integrated magnetic sensor is investigated. The measurement system has the frequency bandwidth of 40[Hz]-50[kHz]. The time-changing magnetic fields generated by the operations of small-size electric machines are investigated. The magnetic field generated by the starting and/or the operation of electric appliances mainly includes the odd harmonics such as the third, the fifth, the seventh, and so on.

The impulse impedence of grounding system must be accurately evaluated for a safe grounding design. However, a calculation nettled of the impulse impendence of a horizontal grounding electrode has not been established yet. This paper presents a method to compute the impulse impedance of a rod type grounding electrode and deals with the analysis of the transient characteristics on the electrodes.

One of the principal problems encountered in the use of fiber reinforced composites is to establish an active fiber surface to achieve maximum adhesion between resin and fiber surface. In order to improve the interface bonding, the surface of glass fiber should be treated with silane coupling agent in ordinary composite manufacturing processes. However, the price of the coupling agent is very high and in the treating process voids are formed, which decreasees electrical and mechanical strength. We want to develope new process that will overcome the disadvantage of the coupling agent and achieve maximum adhesion at the interface between resin and fiber by active plasma treatment on the glass fiber surface. In this study, we investigate the improvement of contact angle on the glass plate surface as the first step in developing new GFRP.

Mica, which have a good thermal and electrical characteristics, while will cleave easily at these layers. In order to bond mica materials soldily, mica/epoxy composite insulation materials were developed for generator stator winding. There are lots of problems such as delamination and partial discharge of these insulation materials caused by mechanical, electrical and thermal aging. Several experiments have been conducted in order to find the useful diagnostic parameters from the partial discharge phenomena by applying a new measurement techniques. this paper deals with the partial discharge pulse characteristics, which may be a useful diagnostic concept in predicting insulation condition of generator stator insulation materials. Long term insulation aging test shows that partial discharge phase angle an magnitude are identified as one of the main key techniques for insulation diagnosis on generator stator winding.

This paper presents a diagnostic technique using ultrasonic for operating power transformer. Two methods are used as a base for detecting a partial discharge. One is a analysis of PD trend using counted ultrasonic signal, the other is a estimation of PD location source using cross-correlation. In this paper we implement detection equipment of partial discharge in power transformer. The desired system is utilized to two methods for PD detection and operated by graphical user interface(GUI). The results of test showed that the system can be adopted to real power transformer.

Magneto plasma has been widely used for controlled fusion and material processings such as etchings, depositions, and sputterings in the various fields. For controlling and guaranting the equipment, precision plasma parameters must be gained. In this experiment, using single probe and double probes, we investigated the effect of magnetic field on magneto plasma. As a result of this experiment, we found the fact that single probe was largely affected by magnetic field for measuring magneto plasma parameters, while double probe was not.

With the increase of electric power demand in the downtown area. many problems, such as the difficulty in security of substation site and interference of the electromagnetic wave or damage to person due to outdoor type substation facilities has been occured. Therefore, the compaction of substation facilities is required and the gas insulated switchgear(GIS) has been adopted accordingly. However, much care should be taken of the interface problem between cable and GIS. This paper describes the failure analysis and a countmeasure for prevent ion from failure in the interface.

Gold Star Cable Co. have developed Condenser Bushing Equipment for high voltage apparatus. The basic design theory and manufacture procedure are introduced in this paper.

The effect of an insulator inserted along the axis of a red-to-plane gap on an ion flow field in $SF_6$ gas is investigated experimentally in the pressure region where a proceeding corona discharge exists. Without the insulator, the calculated electric field on the plane electrode agrees fairly well with the measured one. With the insulator, the ion flow field characteirstics may be attributed to the change in the electric field distribution by the accumulated charge, the increase in the ratio of the dielectric strength in gas gap to that along the insulator surface with the gas pressure, and the thermal diffusion of ions near the insulator.

Breakdown characteristics of a small rod-to-rod microairgap has been studied for obtain an optimum breakdown voltage and an airgap spacing to be used as an emission control means by the electrical arc-burning unburnt carbon particulates exhausted from a power station burner. It is found that the breakdown voltage at the rod-to-rod airgap spacing in the rang of $1{\sim}100{\mu}m$ decreased with decrease in the rod-to-rod airgap spacing. And there were no minimum breakdown voltage on a $V_b$-Pd characteristics which is known as the minimum voltage in Paschen's law in air atmosphere. Breakdown voltages of the airgap at the constant airgap spacing were $V_{b-dc}>V_{b-ac}>V_{b-pulse}$, and it was lowest for the pulse voltage applied. As a result, it is found that a pulse power was one of effective power compared with dc or ac to be used as such an unburnt carbon particulate emission control means and the airgap spacing became to several tens ${\mu}m$, then the breakdown voltages were down to several handreds voltages.

Because the Nuclear power plant needs for the specific high stability and the confidence, it is required that cable shall be flame retardant at fire and endure to be exposed by radiation, chemical fluid, steam and high temperature at sudden accident condition and be maintained its capability on nomal operation up to 40 years as same as it's service life for Nuclear Power Plant. Consequently, In this report, we describe the terms of Environmental Qualification Test for cable and properties required for cable which developed for Nuclear Power Plant.

Sputtering requires a way to bombard the target with sufficient momentum. Positive ions are the most convenient source since their energy and momentum can be controlled by applying a potential to the target. Although many types of discharges have been used for sputtering, magnetrons are now the most widely used because of the high ion current densities. Namely, plasma near the target electrode is confined by magnetic field using permanent magnet, so that the collision probability is increased. It is important to develop RF magnetron sputtering system which has many excellent merits compared with conventional methods. Our study aims to develop 1 kW RF source(13.56 MHz, TR type) and to accumulate the design and construction technology of RF magnetron sputter-deposition system. We developed 1 kW RF sputtering system to deposit thin film. These films are deposited by this RF source matched by auto-matching system using primarily argon gas. Target of Au, Ni, Al, and $SiO_2$ was well deposited on the argon pressure of 5-10 mTorr.

Recently, the demand of electric power has increased remarkably in densely populated cities in Korea. Various method to increase the power transmission capability of underground cable lines has been investigated. In this paper presents the study of inner cool ins cable system for larger power transmission capability. It is also shown that designed inner cooling cable and their system proves more economic than conventional type cables.

This system using optical fiber provides various information about underground tunnel and power transmission lines-atmospheric temperature, humidity, oil pressure, flammable gas, cable behavior, and so on. To transmit various data and to keep reliability, optical MUXs are adopted. User can easily operate monitoring software by using GUI.

This paper describes the research in condenser cone of sealing-end for 154kV oil-filled underground cable. We conducted the design based on the results of electric field analysis by electrostatics theory and FEM. In case that condenser cone type EB-A was compared with bell mouth type EB-A, the results of the AC and lightening impulse voltage test showed improvment of 10 percents.

The Electrical Charge generated by friction in flowing insulating oil can create hazadous accidents. Neutralization of static charges in the oil during transportation is an obvious method of overcoming the problem of internal electric charge. It is known that SCR(Static Charge Reducer) can neutralize much of this charge by the needle electrode and mixing it with the original charge. In our experiment, a filter to generate static charge was set just befor a measurement pipe, and streaming current from the filter to the earth $I_s$, current from the electrode to the earth $I_e$ and current from the receiving tank to the earth $I_f$ were measured in a steady state. As a result, charge density and needle electrode current increases with increasing of oil temperature. Charge elimination rate decreases with increasing of oil flow rate, and increases with increases of oil temperature. Faraday Cage current decreases with increasing of oil temperature.

The arc characteristics have influences on the current interruption phenomena in the regimes of low current as well as high current. It is very important to understand the arc characteristics for the initial design of a circuit breaker. This article describes the theoretical analysis of the arc characteristics by means of arc energy integral method when convection dominated low current arcs are produced in the dual-nozzle air and $SF_6$ gas flows of a model interrupter. The arc radius, average electric field strength and arc voltage have been investigated at the current range of 60 to 230 A and at the upstream pressure of 0.6 MPa in both air and SF6 gas. The results have been compared to show the difference of both gases and the trends similar to those of other investigations.

This paper shows the procedure to determine the physical variables of the simple synthetic testing facility using LC resonance circuit and presents the calculated results of those variables for the LC resonance circuit which can be used to test circuit breakers up to 36kV 40kA class. Attention has also been paid to the advantages of the LC resonance circuit compared with the method adopting short-circuit generator for the development of circuit breakers.

This paper is discribed the results of insulation characteristic tests that are DC leakage current, test, tan${\delta}$ test, AC breakdown test and observation of tree in the used 6.6kV CV cables. In the correlation of these tests, the tan${\delta}$ test stands for the main deterioration factor of cable insulation.

A mathematical arc model based on the integral method has been developed to study the arc behaviour of $SF_6$ Puffer circuit breakers during high current period. The interaction between the compression chamber and the arc interrupter plays a critical role in determining the arc behaviour. Computations have been carried out for the puffer circuit breaker of Noeske et al.[1]. The aerodynamic behaviour and electrical characteristics of the puffer circuit breaker have been investigated. In addition, the pressure rise in the compression chamber and arc voltage have been computed and the results compared with the available experimental results of Noeske et al.[1]. Special attention has been paid to the presence of the shock.

Surface breakdown characteristics are investigated under metallic-particle contaminated conditions in $SF_6$ gas. The main results show that a rib increases breakdown voltage by a corona stabilization effect and the elongation of discharge path. The breakdown voltage at higher pressures than 4 atm may be estimated on the basis of mean breakdown field strength($E_{BD}$) and discharge length(L) which depend on gas pressure and surface shape.

A parallel plate type electrolytic ozone generator for ozone asher has been fabricated and studied, and 4 kinds of ozone generation anode electrode having different slits have also been investigated. It is found that there were optimum conditions for the slits of electrode, which, however, controls the field in the interelectrode spacing, and allows sideflow waterpaths through the slits in the electrode. As a result, the generated ozone concentrations of A, B, C and D type electrode showed 2.2, 1.3, 1.5 and 3.0 ppm for 400 ml/min flowrate tap water test, and, ozone yields of 11, 13, 15 and 30 $mg/kWhcm^2$ respectively.

In this paper, time variation properties of acoustic emission pulse were studied from low density polyethylene by using the self developed measuring system of aucoustic emission. When AC 15[kVrms] were applied to specimen of needle shape voids(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0[mm]), the breakdown time of void specimen was quite shorter than that of non-void specimen, thus the quick accurance of inception discharge were confirmed. It is observed that the skewness of the phase angle for applied voltage distribution phase, the average pulse of amplitude and the number of pulse are characteristic quantity of discharge.

We have developed a repetitive TEA $CO_2$ laser excited by a magnetic switch pulse source, and have measured the laser output energy for the mixing ratio of the laser gas mixture in single pulse. As a result of experiments, we have obtained the laser output energy of 252 mJ($\eta_{intrinsic}$=7.8%) in $CO_2:N_2$:He=1:1:8(1 atm.). At a repetition-rate frequency of 10 Hz, an average laser power of 1.5 W was obtained.

We have numerically analyzed by using the Beam Propagation Method the Dual-channel directional couplers, which peforms a number of useful fuctions in thin-films devices, including power division, modulation, switching, frequency selection, and polarization selection. We also use the effective index method to reduce one dimension.

An H-Plane waveguide component with arbitrary shape is analyzed using finite element technique(FEM) cooperated with boundary element method(BEM). For the application of BEM in the waveguide structure, a hybrid ray-mode representation of the waveguide Green's function is used. This technique is applied to the waveguide step load and the computed results are compared with the earlier theoretical results.

The space charge fields, including intermode apace charge fields in photorefractive material with two impurities are obtained for the small light intensity at large modulation depth, and their implication of high-capacity volume holographic interconnection are presented. In the following data regions the effect of intermode space charge fields are suppresed and the criteria for optimal implementation of volume holographic interconnections are satisfied.

The field-oriented control of induction motor without speed sensor has been widely studied. This paper proposes the new design method of adaptive sliding observer for induction motor, which include the rotor speed identification together with the rotor flux estimation. The proposed adaptive observer has advantage of their global stability which is developed on some assumption. It is easy to analyse because the identifier is seperated from the controller. Finally, the chattering which is caused by switching is reduced by new control scheme, and the validaity of the adaptive algorithm is verified by simulation.

The necessary parameter and states for the field-oriented control scheme of induction motor have been correctly estimated by EKF(Extended Kalman Filter). In this paper, Reduced-Order EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) is proposed tn estimate rotor speed and rotor flux. It is profitable in the implementation of field-oriented control scheme rather than Full-Order EKF because of saving operational quantity. The simulation results show that the proposed Reduced-Order EKF is excellent performance.

In this paper, rotor flux feedforward control of induction motor fed by cycloconverters with high frequency LC resonant circuits is presented. The cycloconverter using new current control algorithm as a power source of induction motor drive system is proposed. And then its validity of the application to induction motor control system is verified by experimental results.

Semiconductor switches are modelled as binary inductors, as a very low value of inductance during conduction, and infinite value of inductance otherwise. The system matrix is partitioned in such a manner as to permit efficient handling of switch status. The backward Euler method of integration is used for the solution of equation to ensure convergence. The application of thristor switching to induction motor speed control has resulted in a number of unconventional supply systems. In this paper, an analytic method for predicting the steady-state of performance of system is presented.

This paper proposes a robust speed control algorithm of Induction Motor. The main idea of this paper is to compensate the torque component of motor current with load torque observer and feedforward control. The speed response of the conventional PI controller is affected by variation of system parameters. However the proposed system has robust characteristics against the variation of system parameters. The simulation results and experiment prove the validity of proposed algorithm.

This paper describes an induction heating system which is developed for CRT manufacturing. This system consists of a buck chewer, a voltage source full-bridge inverter, and a series resonant circuit with a matching transformer. A series resonant scheme is employed, and operated at the zero phase of the resonant load by PLL. This ensures maximum power transfer, good efficiency and reliability of the system. Implementation of a prototype rated of 3 kW 450 kHz is described and experimental results are given.

Acoustic noise from the various facilities makes man unpleasant and let researchers find the way for reducing it on environmental point of view. Special way to reduce the acoustic noise had suggested by the concept of Active Silencer. But, it has propagation delay time accumulated during the signal passage and howling effect. This paper suggestes a way to anhilate howling effects, and reduces the total delay time drasticaly by attaching microphone to the speaker. This paper will show how it works by some materials.

In this paper, a novel concept for a static three-phase to three-phase power converter for an AC drive with an unity power factor and reduced harmonics on the utility line is presented. The power circuit consists of two back-to-back connected six-pulse bridges having only a $5{\mu}F$ ceramic capacitor in the DC link. By controlling the active power balance between two bridges, the DC link voltage can be maintained within 20V deviation from the nominal value with the small ceramic capacitor regardless of the load variation even in the unbalanced source condition.

This paper describes characteristic analysis of VVVf type high-frequency considering dead time. Static power conversion are now used in a great variety of application including induction heating, high-frequency generation, DC/DC power converter, etc. In the circuit analysis, an offer circuit was compared with safety operating region and steady state characteristics considering dead time.

This paper describes characteristic analysis of high frequency inverter using zero voltage switching(ZVS) which is one of the methods to reduce switching loss. This study is generally described by introducing normalized control variables. Moreover, many characteristics of analysis results offer importanat data for circuit design. In addition, the result of its characteristic analysis is compared with that from PSpice's simulation.

This paper, introduces a Current-fed type High-Frequency Inverter with self turning devices. By replacing Thyrisors used for power source of heat treatment with high speed switching element, MOSFET in current type Inverter, the proposed Inverter makes high speed performance with several 100kHz. This paper also depicts some operating principles of the proposed circuits and general operating characteristics. Steady state solution on state variables in analysis of the proposed circuit is described generally by using normalized parameter and its characteristics depending on separate ratio(n) is also shown.

In this paper, we design the high accuracy speed controller of an induction motor by the Fuzzy control algorithms, which recently is invoking the remarkable interest. In order to improve the dynamic resposes such as the steady state error, the reaching tine and the overshoot, the adjustment techniques for optimization of three scale factors are presented. Comparing with conventional PID control, the usefulness of proposed Fuzzy controller will be proved by the simulations.

A predictive current controller for the Battery Energy Stroage System(BESS) based on space vector PWM of transformer coupled inverters is presented. The control method have many advantages such as accurate control, reduced harmonics, good dynamics, improved stability, wide control range, etc,. The simulation results show that the predictive control method with space vector PWM is suitable for the transformer coupled inverters applied to the battery energy storage system.

Resonant Inverter is analyzed by means of widely available software such a SPICE. In this paper, macro-model of RDCLI is used which is based on converter switch function rather than actual circuit configuration. Computer memory and nm time are greatly reduced compared to micro-model by using macro-model. System overall performance including control strategy and harmonic characteristics can be analyzed easily. This method is suited for stead state analysis and transition analysis at system level.

Power conversion system for a magnetically levitated vehicle consists of propulsion inverter to drive linear motor, levitation chopper to drive magnet and power source unit. This paper presents the characteristics of power conversion system in prototype Maglev system. In order to improve performance of electrical equipment IGBT is adopted in a main circuit. Audible noise is reduced to below 60 dB and size is also reduced to 1/3. This system is verified through experiment.

A PWM switching control strategy based on instantaneous integration concept for reducing hamonic components of inverter system with fluctuating input voltage is presented. Applying this strategy to single phase full bridge PWM inverter through bipolor switching method and unipolor switching method, reduction of hamonic components of output voltage and current is demonstrated through simulation. The system operation is examined and confirmed by experiments.

This paper is presented real-time digital control techniques of the PWM inverter for UPS. This proposed system is based on instantaneous digital control scheme which is empolyed double dead beat control and prediction method. Especially, to supply the load current from the inverter without the computation delay, the predictive methods are used to generate the load current signal. From the simulation and experimental results, it is shown that presented scheme has good performance such as very low THD of the output voltage, and good dynamic response under the nonlinear load. The experimental implementation of the system is estabilished by using the TMS320C25 DSP.

This paper describes a simple but effective V/F control method for energy saving of a special-purpose Induction motor driven by PWM inverter. The proposed method is based on efficiency control with no speed sensor that the V/F patterns could be changed to load variations. The experimental results shows great improvement of both efficiency and power factor and usefulness of the method.

When induction motor is driven with a load commutated inverter, the output part of the inverter must be capacitive. But, in order to be a good load commutation at the low speed range, very large capacitor or force commutated circuit must be used regarding the capacity of motor. This paper proposed the force commutated circuit for driving the motor in case of the installation of capacitor which can be capable of load commutation at the rating speed. The force commutated circuit is operated by the LC resonant circuit, auxiliary source and SCR, and also composed of the commutation circuit which control the interval of the inverse voltage across the inverter.

The problems of he plentiful harmonics and low power factor have occured to the increase of semiconductor power conversion equipments. These problems should be improved by the active power filters which have been studied recently. This paper described the appliaction of delta modulation technique to current-fed filter and control performance. Through digital simulation the output characteristics of delta modulator are investigated theoretically.

This paper deals with the Improvement of inverter output waveform with space vector modulation using the DSP-chip. The proposed scheme can be considered as a alternative of the conventional, subharmonic method. This scheme features a maximum output voltage that is 15% greater. The number of switchings is also 30% less than the one obtained by subharmonic modulation method(SHM) A performance function(PF) which is the time integral function of the inverter output voltage is introduced in this paper. An optimal PWM pattern is obtained by minimizing the distortion factor of performance function. The experiment was carried out with an TMS320C25.

In this paper, instantaneous current tracking control inverter is applied to photovoltaic system and then optimum operating area is described by state space average method for optimum design of maximum output control. Also control system is realized by DSP and excellence of system shows the effectiveness of inverter system using the instantaneous control method.

To overcome the problem of the diode reverse recovery in high switching frequency inverter, a new gate drive scheme is proposed for IGBT in this paper. Using this circuit, the reverse recovery current can be controlled and faster switching time can be achieved for hard switching inverter. The over-current protection method, which is suitable for the proposed gate driver, is also presented. The operation of the proposed circuit is investigated and its usefulness is verified through the experimental results.

This paper deals with the development of three phase 440[V], 500[KVA] Inverter system using the IGBT Devices. IGBT's have been used very successfully in variable frequency induction motor drive equipment. Problems associated with power devices characteristics when power devices are operated in parallel, such as balanced switching behavior and thermal stability, can be solved by using NPT type IGBT's. By Experimental results, it is confirmed that the voltage overshoot and reverse recovery current was very low. The equipment had proved to be reliable and short circuit proof. In addition, the performances in term of thermal characteristics, protection functions and stability are satisfactory.

Full Bridge Diode Rectification and Phase Controlled SCR Rectification are the most widely used methods of power conversion($AC{\rightarrow}DC$) in Power Electronic products such as UPS systems. But using these types of converters can lead to the following problems. First, they generate harmonics on the AC input side, which can cause interference in other equipment connected to the same commercial power line. Second, they deteriorate the power factor so that the input power capacity or the equipment becomes larger than the actual rated output capacity. As a means to overcome these problems an IGBT type PWM Converter, which applies a current control algorithm, is proposed. In this paper the enhancement of the converter performance is shown through simulation.

IKL Map has been drawn by the contours of the equivalent thunderstorm days for 25 years(1968-1992) in order to apply this map to the designs and maintenances for lightning protection on the electric equipments.

Recently the wide use of the microprocessor requests the UPS systems to have various functions. This paper describes the action of peripheral anti internal controller, and the display for current conditions and self-diagnosis such as over load and system fault, and the control algorithm design of UPS system with 1-1.5KW ratings. IBM PC/AT is used as the control system and Turbo PASCAL Ver 5.5 as control language.

A new static var compensator(SVC) system using three-level inverter is proposed for high voltage and high power applications. A general and simple model for the overall system is obtained using circuit DQ-transform and DC and AC analyses are achieved to characterize the open-loop system. Using the proposed model, a new control method which controls both the phase angle and modulation index of switching pattern simultaneously is suggested to provide fast response of SVC system without using independent voltage source. Finally, predicted results are verified by computer simulation.

A multilevel PWM voltage source inverter, especially five-level one, is introduced to obtain a static var compensator(SVC) as a large scale power, source. In this paper, the three phase SVC is modeled using circuit DQ transformation and completely analyzed. Finally, through the experimental results from 5-kVA SVC, the validity of the analyses and the feasibility of the SVC system are shown for high power applications.

This paper is a study of a reactive-power compensator. It make using Power-MOSFET that be little quantity driving-power, easy to control, and be passible to highspeed wich be capable to achieve a reactive power compensator, to get rid of harmonics. On account of having no particular control circuit, composing not need to energy storage element and feedback control compered the previous power transformer in the system organization. It efficiqntly ueed to be in power factor compensation variable load.

The thyristor turn-off model plays an important part in the design of thyristor snubber circuit. However, it is difficult to determine the thyristor turn-off characteristics. In this paper two methods to establish the simple thyristor turn-off model are proposed based on the reverse recovery characteristics given in the data sheets. Using the simple thyristor turn-off model, the optimum thyristor snubber circuit design procedures are presented considering maximum voltage spike, maximum reverse dv/dt, and turn-off loss.

An insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT) is a MOS gate turn on/off bipolar transistor which combines the attributes of the MOSFET and bipolar transistor. Because of its limitation of power capability compared to thyristor or GTO, some parallel connection of IGBT has been studied to improve the limitation of current capabillity. In this paper, the switching effects from the unbalance of internal parameters of IGBT and the turn-off snubber characteristics are investigated using SPICE program.

The GTO model is based on the Ebers-Moll equation extened to include the three-junction devices and a detailed description of the implementation of the model equation as well as defferent tests are discussed. Problems to be considered for the snubber design, such as voltage spike reduction, maximum GTO anode current, and switching power, were discussed using the calculation model. The macro model is very useful for simulation of GTO circuit and high power circuit switch in high frequency and complex structure.

Recently, in the industrial applications, the sensorless system is developed, but the sensorless system is required to have robustness for the measurement noise and disturbance. In this paper, for the sensorless system, the method of designing a robust sliding mode observer taking account of the ability of disturbance and noise attenuation is presented. Also, the strategy for the estimation of rotor flux using the sliding mode observer, which is robust to the measurement noise, is described. Robustness are achieved by assigning the pole of the the system during the sliding motion in such a way as to minimize the effects of the disturbances on the rotor flux estimation error. Finally, using worst case desist and LQC(least square error design), the sliding mode absolver is verified by computer simulations.

In the train position defection for the rail car, which is not able to obtain the short circuit between the track circuit and the wheel, the methods by the inductive radio of non-contact type are applicated. It is represented the principles and the methods of the inductive radio train detection on MLU, Transrapid, HSST, M-Bahn, and People Mover for MAGLEV, on Kobe system for the rubber-tired vehicle, and on ICE for wheel-on-rail.

The hall sensor is current detector using hall effect in semiconductor and the conventional type detect current with concentrating flux by current of conductor. So, detection of small current is very difficult because of residual magnetism. This paper give the experiments based results about method that detect the small DC current using minimizing the residual of hall element by magnetic modulation and concentrating flux. The suggested sensor can dector small current better than the conventional that.

This paper deals with the characteristic analysis of noise filter for the reduction of conduction noise, especially, common-mode noise. Attenuation in the system containing noise filter is analyzed and equivalent circuits for common- and differential- mode noise are derived. To clarify the effects by parasitic components of the inductor and capacitor, digital simulations using Design Center are carried out.

In this paper, we propose a new PWM control method of cycloconverter with a resonant circuit for induction heating. The proposed new PWM control method determines the switching duty ratio compared the integrated value of load current with the reference value of input current on sampling interval. By the Proposed method, the displacement factor becomes 1.0 and the input current waveforms become sinusoid which is nearly 1.0 in terms of the input power factor. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, the simulations and experiments are carried out.

This paper presents a new current control method of the six-pulse cycloconverter for a variable speed drive system of a large capacity ac mortor. It is necessary for a high performance control as a vector control that the output current scheme of the cycloconverter has a good charistic in transient state. A new proposed current control method is that the output current of the cycloconverter is followed after the current reference directly as fast as possible under any condition. Simulation resualts with the proposed new current control method are shown. As a result the validity of the proposed method is confirmed.

This paper describes the development of a digital multifunction controller for the protection, measurement and control of the high voltage customer switchboard. The magnitude of the fundamental component is estimated using a simple filter based on cross-correlation with a heptagonal wave. The characteristics of flexible relay functions such as adjustable pickup and time-dial settings, various time-magnitude curve and directional capability including measurement functions are presented. The controller implementation is carried out on two microprocessors for real time operation.

New soft recovery drive which can alleviate the loss due to reverse recovery of diode is proposed. By using this drive, the reverse current of the diode is minimized and stabilized because there is inner local feedback loop between the turn-on current of the power MOSFET and the reverse recovery current of the diode. The loss and EMI noise can be considerably reduced in this way. Brief operational principle and experimental results are included to verify the usefulness.

The load impedance of power lines generally varies with time, areas, and season. Also, the harmonic noises by the power electrical equipments are scattered through the power lines. The received signal level varies with the environment and is not able to detect the PLC(Power Line Carrier) signal. For this reason, it is requried for the signal transmitter to hold the received signal level uniform independently with the variation of the load impedence. In this paper, the power lines are modeled simply and a method keeping the received signal level uniform is suggested through the analysis of the signal transmission characteritics of the PLC coupler using tank circuit.

During the last two decades, we experienced a few of the energy shocks and felt the importance of the energy saving seriously. As our energy reliance on other countries is absolute. We must counter these situations nationally. To save the electric energy, various methods are explored such as the moderation of motor capability, the use of high efficiency system, the supervision of lighting systems, demand monitoring control systems. In this study, we develop a system for electric power energy saving. In Case the receiving point voltage is higher than the required voltage, the system reduce the voltage to an allowable level and by doing so it saves energy and protects the equipments from over voltage.

In this paper, it is considered spike voltage that is generated by ignoring the recovery time of switching device, turn on and turn off time. In the same principle, this spike voltage will be applicable to diode recovery time. The spike voltage causes to break down insulation of input transformer. So, we will show how to remove spike voltage by optimizing value of R and C and using switching diode which have fast recovery time.

In the three phase full-wave thyristor rectifier, heat radiation concentrated at a few thyristor(s), while equipment's output is normal. That is very important on the predictive maintenance or checking including replacement of parts(or modules). Therefore, this report explains the method of effective diagnosis and the reason that firing control modules have to be adjusted accuratly on each phase.

This paper deals with a $3{\phi}$ rectifier unit for telecommunication system. The rectifier unit is developed to Cope with the step-up of the AC input voltatage from 220V to 380V. By using a buck-type converter in the front-end, it keeps the input power factor high and reduces the voltage ripple in the dc output. It also has a very wide voltage regulation range, which lets the unit be applied for both the 220V and 380V input system. The study includes the power conversion scheme, control strategy, snubber circuit and finally, experimental results.

By using the state plane approach, the steady state analysis and desing of a high frequency LLC-type series resonant converter and LLC-type parallel resonant converter operating in the continuous conduction mode is presented. When a LLC-type P.R.C operates above resonant frequency, the switching transitor can be turn off at zero voltage. A set of characteristic frequency are plotted from which desing parameters can be obtained.

In this paper, A voltage source PWM converter which achieves bidirectional power flow between a $3{\phi}$ AC supply and a DC bus voltage is described. And the paper considers both the steady state and transient response of such a device, and develops mathematical models to describe its performance under the digital control system. As a result the AC line current becomes sinusoidal and the input power factor is improved to unity.

A flyback type power converter circuit for switched reluctance motor drives is presented. In this converter circuit, the energy extracted from an off going phase is stored in an additional capacitor. The energy stored is used to either be returned to the source frequently or energize the conducting phase during the conduction interval through the transformer. The additional switch to pass the energy stored in the capacitor to the source or the conducting phase is switched under a relatively low voltage condition. Its switching frequency is relatively high so that the size of the transformer can be reduced. The design guideline for the capacitor and the transformer is described. The effectiveness of the presented converter circuit is compared to other circuits through the analysis and experiment.

This study describes an analog controller for SRM drives. The overall scheme of the drive is detailed using an 8/6 SRM configuration. Special efforts are exercised in showing the necessity of the triggering angle advances to enhance the drive characteristics such as output-power increase and good speed-responses.

In this paper, an LPM controller using microprocessor was implemented and adopted Microstep method to control the LPW. In Microstep method, current waveform is sinusoidal not square. This method is characterized by less vibrating, less noisy, and more precise position control. Also, we simulate the static thrust characteristics for each waveform. The experiment was performed according to the mechanical vibration at the acceleration mode and slewing mode. The current tracks reference sinusoidal waveform well and stability was improved as we expected. Therefore, the possibility of the open loop position control was proposed.

Two new schemes of three-phase rectifier using softing switching methods are introduced for the input power factor correction. These three-phase rectifiers are employed the zero voltage switching for the parallel resonant and zero current switching for the series resonant AC link type rectifiers. The dynamic modeling and discontinuous integral cycle mode control technique are also presented. With the proposed circuits and control technique, the high power factor can be obtained.

A buck-boost zero current switched(ZCS) series resonant AC to DC converter for the DC output voltage regulation together with high power factor is proposed. A dynamic model for this AC to DC converter is developed and an analysis for the internal operational characteristics is explored. With the proposed control technique, the unity power factor and the DC output voltage regulation without a current overshoot can be obtained.

In this paper, a further improved system obtaining very low distorted waveforms of input ac currents of three phase rectifier circuit is proposed. The proposed system consists of an uncomplicated 24 pulse diode bridge rectifier that is transformerless, by adding only switching circuit which consists of two switchs to conventional system. Also to optimum the effectiveness or the harmonic reduction, the optimum turn ratio of an autotransformer and the optimum switching control angle are decided by computer simulation. And then, the voltage waveform obtained has a total harmonic distortion of 8.1%, and the predominant harmonics 23th and 25th. This paper describes operation principle, analysis of the waveforms of input voltage and current. The theoretial results are verified through simulation.

Line-current harmonics resulting from AC to DC power conversion interfere with power system operation and reduce power factor, hence resulting in increasing power source unnecessarily. This paper investigates the harmonic reduction methods of a three-phase phase-controlled converter on AC and DC sides using passive filters and notches.

This paper presents a study on a self oscillating dc/dc converter with low cost, high power density. This converter only consists of power filter, switch and comparater and time delay reduction parts. But it has better characteristics than the conventional self-oscillating dc/dc converter. And it can be made by a few devices and can be smaller size. These type of converters find their applications in many industrial equipments. And the performances of the proposed system are verified through expriment.

The output power of photovoltaic(PV) system is fluctuating due to the change in the insolation and temperature and etc. This problem can be overcome if the system is connected to storage batteries and the power system. According to, this paper propoes line-commutated photovoltaic inverter system. It has been experimentally verified that and maximum power can be obtained by varing the firing angle.

In generally Boost Converter is used for Fuel Cell System. Because the output voltage of fuel cell is too small and greatly depends on the load condition, Boost Converter are required to boost and regulate the Fuel Cell voltage for per conversion efficiency. In this Paper, 6-phase Boost Converter is used to boost the Fuel Cell Voltage and regulate the output voltage. Multi phase converter hag some advantages such as low ripple and filter sine. About the Peak Current Control and compare of the Ripple Current of Boost Converter, we have studied.

With the using the microprocessor, this paper presents DC servo motor control characteristics by Self-Tuning PID controller and considers position control response with controller of DC servo motor for robot drive. As this system is supported by a channel, it is considered to enough application effect in industry region such as needing multi joint robot and precision parallel driving.

A scheme of IEVSC(Integral Error Variable Structure Controller) is proposed for the DC servo systems with the disturbances which does not satisfy the matching condition. The structure of IEVSC is composed of state observer, VSC, and servo compensator which is designed for the output variable enhances the robustness against all type of disturbances. The performances of proposed IEVSC are verified through simulations for the DC servo motor.

In this paper, the voltage control is applied to the adjustable speed operation of BLDC motor with the trapezoidal back emf waveform. Torque chrateristics of BLDC are investigated through Fourier analysis when the pulse width modulation inverter is applied. Also, this paper consisders the theoretical problem of eliminating some harmonic components in inverter output waveforms, which, in turn, allows to remove some ripple components. Numerical technique is applied to solve the transcendental equations of the problem by the computer.

In this paper, a drive circuit for a bifilar-wound hybrid step motor considering mutual inductance and back-emf is investigated. For the suppression circuit, the varition of average torque and torque ripple due to the effect of mutual inductance and back-emf is presented. In order to improve the performance of the motor, a new control scheme is also proposed.

This paper presents a integral-augumented nonlinear sliding surface without a reaching phase. The conventional linear sliding surface has reaching phase, and sliding mode can't realized during this phase, the trajectories may he sensitive to the load disturbances. An proposed algorithm does not have reaching phase, so robust to the load disturbances.

Recently current mode control is widely adopted in switching power converter because of inherent stablity and ability of parallel operating. There are several ways in current mode control. One of them, peak current control is chiefly employed. Peak current mode control converter usually senses and controls peak inductor current. But there is peak-to-average current errors. Therefore peak current control needs compensation ramp correcting the errors. Average current mode control eliminates these problems, and is constructed by simple structures. This paper will describe the behavior of a simple average current mode boost converter and introduce the design techniques.

In order to perform the group control of motor drive systems in such as steel process line, high performance communication system is indispensible. In this paper, we introduce newly developed communication system which is suitable for these group control application. Using HDLC protocol, this system can transfer data to a long distance(up to 1km) at high speed(1Mbps) with reliability and efficiency. The performance of this communication system was proven through the application to the group control of DAEKYOUNG Bar Mill Line.

In this paper, a new control for the robust position control of a brushless direct drive(BLDD) motor using fuzzy logic controller(FLC) is presented. The integral-proportional(IP) position with speed FLC is employed to obtain the robust BLDD motor system, which is approximately linearized using the field-orientation method for an AC servo. The speed FLC for a BLDD motor has the two rule tables. One is the coarse rule table for the transient state and another is the fine rule table for the steady state. The overall system is controlled by using the microprossor in IBMPC 486 and the the robustness is also obtained.

The objective of the study is to design and develope a 6kW DC/DC converter with bidirectional power-flow capability. The DC/DC convener topology used in the study is the full-bridge(FB) pulse width modulated convener using ZVS. High-frequency transformer is included to provide isolation between the source and loads. This paper includes simulation and experimental results of the proposed convener.

LARGE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS USED IN CONNECTION WITH COMPRESSOR, TURBINE, IN MOST CASE, NEED THE HELP OF AN ELECTRICAL DRIVES FOR STARTING IN GAS TURBINES. NOWDAYS, THE STATIC FREQUENCE CONVERTER STARTING SYSTEM is EMPLOYED IN POWER PLANT. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES TORQUE CONVERTER, STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER AND COMPARSION OF TWO SYSTEMS.

This paper contains the terminal developement for the feeder remote unit in Korea Distribution Automation System. This terminal unit has serval functions in order to do feeder auotmation as following, the open/close controls and gathering status informations of switchgears, getting line currents and voltages, distribution fault. So FRU has four modules to do those functions-Logic Controller, Relay Controller, Data Acquisition, Display, Power Supply etc. The FRU should be on allays, so AC power is supplied before & behind the switchgear. Power Supply is made up with AC/DC, DC/DC, Battery and/or SOLAR CELLS & CONTROLLER. It is important for the supply to protect against some Surges, because surges are happened so many times. Surge test is fellowing the standard IEC 801-5 or IEEE 587.

Demand for electricity is increasing annually. Especially, the daytime demand grawth shows higher than any other time period. So the big difference between maximum and minimum electrical demand becomes another important problem to be solved. The Battery Energy Storage System is chosen as one of the solutions among the sevral methods. The purpose of utilization of Battery Energy Storage System is to improve the daily load factor. Also, Battery Energy Storage System may be used for the load levelling or the load shifting as well as the spinning reserve. Up to now, only the pumped hydro power plant system has been operated on the commercial basis, but this system has so many constraints such as site, environmental effects, construction period, ect. Being considered current electrical power situation the development of electric storage system is in need latly. Among the various electric storage systems, Battery Energy System is chosen with the top priority because it has sevral merits to cover such as the short construction period, the demand site installation, and the food environmental characteristics.

The single-Phase induction motor is widely used in many light duty applications. especially in home and the office. At present, many applications which use these motor require continuously adjustable speed control. In the general, the speed control of single-phase induction motor is accomplished at a few discrete speeds by using tapped-windings, pole switching or gear. These techniques is inefficient and complicated. In this paper, auxiliary winding voltage phase angle of single-phase induction motor is used to continuously adjust electromagnetic torque. The analysis includes the determination of the relationship between the auauxiliary winding voltage phase angle and torque. Simulation results of the motor's torque-speed characteristics using the controlled auxiliary winding supply are shown and discussed. The drive is tested using a dynamometer to experimentally verify the results of the theory and simulations.

In this paper, the speed of single phase induction motor driven by full bridge inverter is controlled by a PID controller under condition of disturbance load and setpoint changes, and the current characteristics of the system is investigated to look for the good properties of A.C. motor torque through the results of experiment. From the experimental result, it is confirmed that the speed of single phase induction motor driven by full bridge series inverter can be smoothly controlled by an analog PID controller.

In this paper, the current characteristics of the system composed of R.L.C. load and series bridge inverter is investigated through the results of computer simulation and experiment to look for the good properties of A.C. motor driven by the above inverter. The time schedule of conventional bridge inverter and the parameters such as resistance and damping coefficient of load is changed for good results. It is possible to get the load current of similar sine wave under various conditions.

Genetic algorithms are powerful optimization methods based on the mechanism of natural genetics and natural selection. Genetic algorithms reduce chance of searching local optima unlike most conventional search algorithms and especially show good performances in complex nonlinear optimization problems because they do not require any information except objective function value. This paper presents a new model based on sexual reproduction in nature. In the proposed Sexual Reproduction model(SR model), individuals consist of the diploid of chromosomes, which are artificially coded as binary string in computer program. The meiosis is modeled to produce the sexual cell(gamete). In the artificial meiosis, crossover between homologous chromosomes plays an essential role for exchanging genetic informations. We apply proposed SR model to optimization of the design parameters of Single-sided Linear Induction Motor(SLIM). Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique(SUMT) is used to transform the nonlinear optimization problem with many constraints of SLIM to a simple unconstrained problem, We perform optimal design of SLIM available to FA conveyer systems and discuss its results.

The design sensitivity analysis based on the finite element method is presented for the eddy current problem with a voltage source. Since, in this problem, the complex variable is used as the state variable, new approach to the sensitivity calculation for the complex variable system is required. Its result is applied to the design of the rotor slot shape of squirrel cage induction motor. As a analysis model, only one slot pitch of rotor is analyzed by using a Periodic boundary condition. The use of this minimal modelling method leads to much saving of calculation time. The design objective is to obtain the desired slip-torque characteristic. Because the shape of rotor slot has much influence on the slip torque characteristic, the design variables are taken on the interface shape between rotor core and rotor bar. The initial shape of rotor slot is the trapezoidal type with rounding corners. The obtained final shape is quite similar to the double squirrel cage type.

Optimum pole shape is designed to increase the levitation and propulsion force of magnetic levitation systems. Evolution Strategy is introduced as optimization method. Evolution Strategy is random based non-deterministic method, developed by combining Genetic Algorithm with Simulated Annealing. Trasnsrapid-06, which was developed in Germany, is referenced model to be analyze. Design variables are nodes which determine fields pole shape of a linear synchronous motor, and the model analyzed by F.E.M.

This paper presents a three dimensional automatic mesh generation scheme for the boundary element method, and this scheme can be applicable to practical problems of complex shape. The geometry of the problem is expressed as an assemblage of linear Coon's surfaces, and each surface is made up of four edge curves which are defined in the form of a parametric function. Curves are automatically segmented according to their characteristics. With these segments of curves, interior points and triangular mesh elements are generated in the parametric plane using Lindholm's method, and then their projection on the real surface forms the initial mesh. The refinement of initial mesh is performed so that the discrete triangular planes are close to the real continuous surfaces. The bisection method is used for the refinement. Finally, interior points in the refined mesh are rearranged so as to make each element be close with an equilateral triangle. An attempt has been made to apply the proposed method to a DY(Deflection Yoke) model.

This paper treats of the transient electrical/mechanical performance characteristics of a Linear Induction Motor(LIM) by means of complex space vector and equivalent circuit theory. Consequently, the methods for the decision of optimum design parameter in power system and control unit is presented.

This paper treats of the recent trends in the development, of the Magnetically levitated vehicle(Maglev) and the propulsion system of the Maglev in the world. Consequently, the material data for the guide post in the research and formulation of development policy are prevented.

This paper presents the numerical algorithm that can obtain the surface configuration of the magnetic fluid seals. The magnetic field is computed by nonlinear finite element method considering the saturation of magnetic fluid and pole piece. The surface equilibrium condition in ferrohydrodynamics are used in algorithm. The influence of the surface configuration on the sealed pressure due to the magnetic, centrifugal and gravitational forces is analyzed and compared with other experimental results.

A method of flux sensing using tapped winding is described for measuring air gap flux in linear induction motor. This method which utilizes coils of motor itself is neither affected by temperature nor resistive voltage drop due to stator current in the motor coils. So it can measure air gap flux in reliable manner. The tapped wilding method has been implemented in experiment and the result shows that this method can be sufficiently used in direct vector control of linear induction motor.

This study presents a design methods for linear DC motor and the designed motor is analyzed. To design the linear DC motor, magnetic circuit design is introduced and characteristics of LDM is analyzed by using the voltage equation aid dynamic equation. And the thrust characteristics are investigated using MEXWELL 2D.

This paper describes the process of levitation melting of metals in an axisymmetric induction heating system. This process has advantages of low heat losses, heating with short times and clean operating conditions. The shape of molten metal is determined using sensitivity analysis and optimization technique. Electromagnetic, gravitational and surface tension energies are considered, and these energies are used as an objective function in optimization process. Electromagnetic field are calculated using the finite element method. The fact that volume is constant in the process is also considered as an equality constraint.

We calculate characteristics of the linear synchronous propulsion system by the finite element analysis. The finite element method using voltage source can consider the ripple factor caused by the core shape and the distored wave of stator currents caused by the core shape and the back e.m.f. The TRANSRAPID-06 system developed by Germany is adoped for the numerical example.

The evaluation of the temperature of the motor in operation is necessary for smaller and lighter design of motors and for the determination of insulation class. The exact loss distribution modelling is absolutely necessary for the enact evaluation of the temperature. We calculated the temperature exactly by considering the loss distribution dependent on temperature. The comparison between the calculated results and the experiments is performed to verify the validity of the analysis.

In this paper, Take two perment magnets and three iron bars and wind copper wire around one or the bars. This paper demonstrate that the method or calculation yields the right results with MAXWELL-2D program package for computing magnetic field, also indicate the value to which the current in the coil has to be limited to prevent saturation of the iron or the cores. The Finally procedures for design of LDM are discussed.

In this paper, the loss components of IPMSM(Inteiror Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) is derived. To maximize the efficiency of the motor, a design method that optimizes the design variables is proposed Objective function consists of stator winding loss, core loss, and mechanical loss. Simulated annealing is used as the optimization method which is appropriate for finding the global minimum of nonlinear function with many local minima. Through the simulation of the motor characteristics, the prominence of the proposed design method is verified.

Deflection Yoke(the following, DY) is the important electric device of CRT which deflects R, G, B beans influencing magnetic field produced by yoke coils. Recently, DY is designed to the saddle/saddle type of coils, being proposed for high-definite and high-efficient CRT. This paper presents the optimization of pin-sectioned saddle coil's shape for minimizing gap between desired and practical deflections of electron beams by using Genetic Algorithm. Evolution Startegy is utilized in this paper, since evolution strategy is a kind of genetic algorithms finding the optimized values by choicing the better generation with comparing the parents and their children. Here, the children are generated by only mutations from the normal random variables. Evolution strategy has shown better powerful converge rate than the other genetic algorithms becuase of using only the mutation-operator.

A design method of three phase induction motors that have characteristics of low starting current and high starting torque is proposed. This design method is based on the traditional theory related to the skin effect and the gap saturation effect. The starting performances and the analysis method are explained in short. Finally, comparison of example design data on electric hoist motor with standard motor is shown.

The technique to design high performance small motors has been based on experimental data, which results from lots of cost, experience and time in manufacturing. Recently, as high-performance computer appears, many engineers use numerical methods to design and analyze electric machine. Since, the step motor which has very small air gap(0.02-0.05mm) is different from other electric machine in its structure. The shape of rotor teeth and stator teeth influence seriously on the torque characteristics. And it is operated over magnetic saturation point. Therefore, the design of step motor needs to solve nonlinear problem and to calculate magnetic field precisely. In this paper, we solve nonlinear problem by employing Finite Element Method and obtain torque-displacement characteristics for the design of step motor. We also manufacture VR step motor according to the obtained results, and measure some torque characteristics. Through comparing calculated results with experimental results, it is verified that FEM is very useful to design step motor, and the motor designed by our technique is improved in its step accuracy.

In this paper, We have simulated and measured the characteristics of the static thrust of 2-phase PM type Linear Stepping Motor(LSM). And, the 2-phase PM type Linear Stepping Motor is simulated using 2-Dimensional finite element method. For calculating force, Maxwell stress tensor method is applied.

In this paper, the characteristics of an arc-type linear pulse motor(ALPM) with permanent magnet are analysed using analytical and 2-D finite element method. To verify the analysing method. An ALPM which can be used as actuators of servo systems is designed and constructed. The stator of the ALPM has a permanent magnet and 4 pole exciters in order to provide a detent and thrust force. It's rotor radius is 70 mm and average torque of 60 $N{\cdot}cm$. The test results of the prototype ALPM have reasonably good agreement with those of analytic solutions.

Studies have been made to establish what coil design parameters have an important influence on the amplitude of interturn voltages developed in a machine winding subject to steep-fronted surges. The studies are based on a lattice-diagram model of multi conductor transmission line in a machine winding energised by a simple ramp function. Variations in interturn voltages produced by changes in insulation thickness, insulation permittivity, surge wave-front are examined and certain guidelines for avoiding high interturn voltages are evaluated.

This paper presents the static thrust of a hybid-type LPM by coenergy method. First, the nonlinealities of the permanent magnet, the primary core and the secondary are interpolated by the cubic spline method. Then the equivalent magnetic circuit including airgap reluctance, which is a function of displacement, modelled by the permeance method is obtained. From the derivative of coenergy with displacement computed by Newton Raphson method, the static thrust is calculated at each displacement with certain exciting current.

This paper proposes the linear induction motor with salient poles, transverse flux and the secondary aluminum conductor for a new type urban MAGLEV. Compared with the more usual kind of linear induction motor with longitudinal flux, TFLIM have flux paths tying transversely to the direction of motion. This shortens the magnetic circuit and produces the thrust, the attraction force and the lateral stabilization force simultaneously. Owing to these electrodynamic force, TFLIM will be usable to a new type urban MGLEV.

Steep-fronted surges associated with motor witching cause relatively large turn-to-turn winding stress. In order to calculate the surge level at the motor terminals, equivalent circuits consist of three parts with power sources, load cable and motor constants. This paper presents switching surges phenomena occurred in a high voltgae induction motor witching by EMTP.

A new method for the optimal design of a single-sided linear induction motor(SLIM) is presented. The method utilizes the neural networks and finite element method for optimizing the design parameters of SLIM. The finite element analysis is used to produce a variety of neural networks training data and the neural networks is used for optimizing the design parameters by sequential unconstrained minimization technique(SUMT). As a result, it is known that the novel method is very efficient and accurate as an optimization technique.

In this paper, The hybrid method in order to reduce the unknown varible for 3D eddy current calculation is proposed. we adopt the current vector potential(T) and the magnetic scalar potential($\Omega$) as field variable, and adopt image charge method for symetric boundary condition in BEM. We apply the hybrid method to electromagnet for levitation system and analyze the charateristics of eddy current airgap flux distribution, attractive and magnetic drag force according to velocity.

The switched reluctance motor is excited and controlled by two kinds of excitation; chopped excitation and switched excitation. The former produces additional inverter losses, and onuses drive control to be complicated. The limit of chopping frequency reduces a range of operating speed and torque. This paper examines chopped excitation and switched excitation in a nonlinear switched reluctance motor. The result indicates switched excitation can be satisfactorily applied to the full operating range, and furthermore indicates the improved efficiency.

A low-pass L-C filter has been adopted for conversion of frequency variable 3 phase PWM waveform to a grid power line and it is used for attenuation of harmonics in the VSI PWM Inverter. A optimum design of the L, C parameters was derived. The result of the study show that the inductor L seems to have a certain air gap for linear I-V characteristics and the resonant frequency of the filter must be set below the 5th harmonics of the grid power line. Further, the voltage drop in L must be within a adequate limit compared to grid power voltage.

The speed control associated with do send motors for direct-drive applications of mobile robot is considered. In odor to the high-performance operation of dc servo motor, drive circuits is controlled Pulse Width Modulations. In this case, PWM driving circuit has nonliner charactristics. This circuit composed of H-type bridge with freewheeling diodes in odor to deal with storage energy of motor's inductance and also control method is developed. At resultes, speed charactristics of motor is shown lineristics. In oder to speed control of motor. The opertion of phase-locked servo system is described and a linear discrete model is developed to their behavior. Thise model discussed are the design problems, speed variation.

BLDC motor is widely used in industrial drive applications due to high efficiency, high power and easy maintenance. However position and speed sensors generally used in BLDC motor increase drive cost, and reduce application range. This study describes sensorless speed control using instantaneous voltage-current equation, and presents the results of computer simulation.

Inherent speed-torque performance of Switched Reluctance Motor is similar to that of series wound DC motor. Thus, the speed of the motor is extremely regulated according to load torque. For the purpose of controlling the speed and torque of SRM it is necessary to change the applied DC link voltage or the switch-ON and switch-OFF angles which control the phase current of the motor. This paper describes speed-torque characteristics of an integral horse power Switched Reluctance Motor by adjusting the switch-ON and switch-OFF angles. Speed at rated load torque can be regulated by adjusting the switching angles and the control scheme is applied to 2kW, 3 phase, 6/4 SRM.

A converter topology which is capable of four-quadrant(motoring and generation) operation is proposed for the variable speed constant frequency(hereafter referred as VSCF) power conversion scheme. The new converter topology for the VSCF power conversion scheme is made of two functional stages. One is converting stage which consists of six switches and six diodes and it interfaces a three-phase 60Hz at supply and a single-phase variable-frequency ac source. The other is the commutating stage though which each phase-winding is energized.

Thermo motor that uses driving part as heating part is different from general fan heater. As it uses energy that drives rotor and generate heat at the same coil, it is simpler and cheaper than general fan heater. In this study, shaded-pole motor was used that is low cost and simple in spite of low efficiency.

Single phase AC to DC Boost-converter which is control led with a variable hysteretic current mode for improvent of input power factor makes high power factor possible. Power Factor correction circuit can be identified with a determination of each parameters. A simaluation and experiment result to load and parameter variation is examined.

A robust position control scheme for a Brushless Direct Drive Motor(BLDDM) is presented. To obtain the robustness under the load variation, a Variable Structure Controller(VSC) is used. However, the VSC has a chattering problem and require the full state informations. To overcome this problem, in this paper, the sliding mode observer is used for compensating the load disturbance and estimating the motor velocity. As a result, the VSC for a BLDDM posision control is designed by using only position measurment and the chattering problem is greatly reduced. To show the validaty of the proposed scheme, the simulation study is carried out.

This paper describes a switching strategy for variable speed control and low torque ripple of Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM). The main advantage of this strategy is simple control. Therefore it can be constructed easily. And a design principle of SRM is represented for the proposed switching strategy. The proposed switching method is tested by simulation and experiment on various SRM type. As a result, The SRM drive with the proposed scheme is effective in reducing the torque ripple and variable speed control.

Recently, AC servo motor has expanded its application areas the to the development of the power semi-conductor and control technology. But it has large torque ripple for its nonlinear characteristics and phase commutaion. In this paper, we proposed the switching angle overlapping method, and current control using tracking method in order to generate the constant torque of AC servo motor that has the trapezoidal back e.m.f. It is compared the these types of control method with the characteristics through simulation. We show that these methods lead the torque ripple to reduce and makes the position and speed characterlistics improved effectively. Also we prove that current control using tracking method is the best way to reduce torque ripple among the these types of control method.

In this paper, the new flux weakening contol algorithm for the drive system of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(IPMSM) is proposed which includes the feedback of torque and current The torque error is used in order to control the current phase angle in the field weakening control. The proposed control method is compared with the stator flux oriented vector control method. Through the simulation the prominence of the proposed control method is verified.

The displacement amplifying units(DAUs) of the flexure hinge mechanism are used to amplify the displacements from the Piezo actuators using the principle of a lever. We fabricate for two step DAUs with the SUS304(stainless steel) and experiment them. The fabricated four DAUs have all the hinges aligned to a straight line, and differ in the first step ideal gain($4{\times}10,\;6{\times}10,\;8{\times}10,\;10{\times}10$). We measure the input and the output displacements to get the real amplifying gain. The resonant frequencies of these DAUs are also measured. The experimental results are compared with those of the theoretical formula and with those of the numerical analyses.

Some interested phenomena, which were appeared near the bonding interface, were investigated by angle lapping and delineation method, SEM, and TEM observations. Voids, defects, material continuity, and interfacial oxide stability were observed and discussed in the fusion-bonded Bi-Si or Si-$SiO_2$/Si wafer pairs.

This paper presents the dynamic analysis method of a linear induction motor by finite element method. For simulation of dynamic performance, a step by step process with respect to time is used with external voltage source and motional equation. Movement is taken into account by a combination of mesh distortion and remeshing technique.

LDM, easy to minute position control, is using as X-Y plotter or other recording instruments. Brushless LDM has better properties than the conventional Brush type LDM in many aspects. This paper presents magnetic flux density distribution by FEM and a way to reduce thrust force ripple particurary in low speed drive. And we apply this method to a real mode of LDM. This LDM is operated by IBM-PC host computer and uses rotary encoder to make position signal.

Magnetostrictive materials are deformed by applying magnetic fields as electrostrictive materials are deformed by applying electric fields. The GMA(Giant Magnetostrictive Alloy: Terfenol-D) shows larger strain and force compared with piezoceramics and SMA. It is expected that the GMA replaces the piezoceramics in various applications. In this paper, the basic properties of GMA and the current trends of its application are introduced.

This paper presents the characteristics of micro induction EHD(Electro Hydro Dynamic) pump in which the fluid has a temperature gradient to the transverse direction of a traveling wave. The effects of the channel depth, the wave length and wave form of the treveling wave has been investigated in micro pump. The effect of temperature gradient also has been investigated. The fluid velocity becomes large as the wave length becomes small and the temperature gradient becomes high. The channel depth has little influence on the fluid velocity. The EHD pump driven by the square wave has the larger fluid velocity than that driven by the sinusoidal wave.

The superconducting generator has better efficiency, larger power, higher voltage, bigger power per weight ratio and bigger power per volume ratio than conventional machines. Furthermore, for the synchronous reactance of the superconducting generator is smaller than that of conventional ones, the capacity of power transfer is much larger than conventional machina. But, the low inertia constant of superconducting generator hurts the transient stability of power system. This paper deals with the comparisons of transient characteristics between superconducting generator and conventional generator by computer simulation.

The quench performance and ramp rate sensitivity of eighteen 5-cm-aperature, 15-m-long SSC dipole magnet prototypes are discussed. All the magnets appear to reach a quench plateau near their extrapolated short sample current limit and well in excess of the operating current with very little training. Most of the magnets, however, exibit a dramatic degradation of thier quench current as a function of ramp rate, which for the most part, can be attributed to large cable eddy currents.

A superconducting multistranded cable is used to realize high current capacity for AC use. The critical current value of the cable to be less than the simple summation of individual critical current value of each strand. The causes for such a degradation of the critical current value have not been revealed. This paper investigates the current distribution in multistrands before and after their quenching by using $7{\times}7$-strand superconducting cable.

The importance of reliable electric power has increased rapidly with the proliferation of sophisticated communication systems, computers and critical surgical operations and it considered as one of the most important issues which must be reflected on initial engineering for construction. In this connection, this paper describes the basic conception of peak shaving and cogeneration which are widely used to control the electric power supply recently.

This paper shows efficient peak demand control method in office buildings. With a rapid growth of national economics and living standard, electrical energy consumption markedly increased. Expecially, it is increased electrical energy comsumption in the office buildings and thus an energy conservation through efficient use of electricity became more important. From the data of electric equipment capacity and electric power consumption for 96 buildings, current levels of demand factor and a growth trend of peak loads by office buildings were surveyed and analyzed. In addition the efficient peak demand control method in office buildings were studied.

Recently, in the industrial applications, the direct drive method with linear pulse motor(LPM) has been introduced and studied for practical use. This paper describes the analysis result of hybrid(HB), permanent magnet(PM), and variable reluctance(VR) type LPM. First, calculation of the flux density distribution in the air gap at these LPM by finite element method. And by mean of Maxwell's stress tensor with above magnetic flux density, calcurated the static thrust force and normal force.

The double excited induction motor has two sets of three-phase system : One is connected to the ac source to take care of energy convertion, and the other is to the inverter controlable frequency and/or magnitude of voltage, both of the induction mode and the synchronous mode are possible in double excitation motor, and the proposed double excitation motor can be driven as a synchronous motor by the extra three-phase input. At the synchronous mode the efficiency is improved so higher than that at induction mode or induction motor. The rating of the inverter used for speed control can be reduced upto one-fifth of that for conventional induction motor. Also the cost and maintenance fee of double excitation induction motor can be reduced compared to any other motors.

In this paper, We found the thermal characterstic of impulsed magnetizing fixture system through the SPICE modeling and investigated the applied possibility in application aspects. As the detailed thermal characteristic of magnetizing fixure can be obtained, the efficient design of the magnetizing fixture which produce desired magnet will be possible using our thermal modeling. The purpose of this work is to compute the temperature increasing for different magnetizing conditions. The method uses multi-lumped model with equivalent thermal resistance and thermal capacitance. The model ing and experimental results are in close agreement.

Microwave characteristics of the system (1-X) ${Na}_{1/2}{Sm}_{1/2}TiO_3$[NST]-X ${Li}_{1/2}{Nd}_{1/2}TiO_3$[LNT] were investigated. The dielectric constant and unloaded Q were 86,1950 respectively for NST at 3GHz and 80,500 for LNT. 0.4 NST - 0.6 LNT system has the dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}r$=86.2, Q=930(3GHz), temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency ${\tau}f$ = 8 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ when sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 2h.

Ferroelectric thin films of PZT with differnt Zr/Ti ratio were prepared by sol-gel processing and annealed by rapid-thermal-annealing at $500^{\circ}C-700^{\circ}C$ for 10sec-1min. The structure of the annealed films were examined by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Maximum remnant polarization of 10.24 ${\mu}m/cm^2$ and coercive field of 70 KV/cm were obtained from hysteresis curve or the film.

Optical and quadratic electrooptic properties were studied for some compositions(BLN/PZ/PT=9.0/70/30,9.0/65/35,8.5/70/30,8.5/65/35) of the two-stage sintered BLN-PZT ceramics. Effective birefringences(${\Delta}n$), quadratic electrooptic coefficients(R) and half-wave voltages($V_{\pi}$) were measured with electric field and temperature. Also, switching times and contrast ratios were measured.

Piezoelectric Actuator samples were fabricated using PMN-PT-PZ ceramics with Barium substitution, and the strain properties of them were investigated. The tartest Piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling coefficient were observed at the sintering temperature $1250^{\circ}C$, Barium 5mol%. In the case of Multilayered specimens, they showed considerable strain and small hysteresis than single round type.

$({Ba}_{1-x}La_x)TiO_3,\;x=0{\sim}0.005$ specimens were fabricated by solid stste reaction method, and their PTC characteristics were examined. The gain growth is inhibited by La substitution, and it is confirmed that the specimens are crystallized at $900^{\circ}C$ from DTA analysis. The 0.003mol La substituded specimens show lowest resistivity and best PTC effects. Furthermore, the electrode sintered-specimens exhibite better PTC effects than no sintered-specimens.

The PSN-PT-PZ ceramics doped with the Mn-oxide(0.5wt%) were fabricated by the mixed oxide method at 1250($^{\circ}C$) for 2(hr) and then the dielectric and pyroelectric properties were investigated with the compositions. In the 0.05PSN-0.4PT-0.55PZ specimen with 0.5(wt%) $MnO_2$, the pyroelectric coefficient was $6.6{\times}10^{-8}(C/Cm^2^{\circ}C)$, and the figure of merits for pyroelectric current and voltage were $27{\times}10^{-9},\;45{\times}10^{-12}$(C.Cm/J), respectibly.

In this study, piezoceramics/polymer composites with 3-3 connectivity were made by BURPS(Burnout Plastic Sphere) technique with PZT ceramics and PVA sphere. And physical and dielectric properties dependent on the PVA wt.% were investigated. The density of porous piezoceramic and pieaoceramic/polymer composites were decreased almost linearly with increasing the PVA wt.%.

A piezoelectric ring type plate, which vibrates in flexural vibration mode, is used for the stator of ultrasonic motor. To design the stator adequately, the force factor of the stator should be estimated in advance. The theoretically calculated force factors for the flexural vibration mode are compared with the measured ones to obtain good agreement. In order to study how to control the force factor, the relation between the shape of the stator and force factor is also considered.

In this paper, it is discussed the correlation between shape of tree and internal partial discharge in low density polyethylene(LDPE) blended with organic compounds that used to improve the effect of resistance to treeing. Initiation and growing of tree are retarded in specimens blended with organic compounds that comprised radical having large electron affinity, and also discharge magnitude and counts of discharging pulse per unit time in these samples are more than those in others. It is observed that the shape of tree in these samples is bush type, but in case of pure LDPE samples dendrite type.

The mean grain size of sample decreases with increasing the addition of $Al_2O_3$ in the basic composition of YIG. It is mean that the addition of $Al_2O_3$ is helpless the development of magnetic properties in YIG garnet, considering the relation of ${\mu}{\propto}D^{1/3}$. To increase addition of $Al_2O_3$ decreased the area of hysterisis loop. It is known that the addition of $Al_2O_3$ is help the development of magnetic properties in YIG garnet, considering the relation of loss component factor and the area of hysterisis loop. As a results, sample with the addition of $Al_2O_3$ 0.5 mol % among the fabricated samples is must effective in the magnetic properties of YIG Garnet.

The superconducting thin films of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ were deposited on (100) sapphire substrates at low temperature by rf magnetron sputtering and annealed at $895^{\circ}C$ for 60 sec. using rapid-thermal-annealing(RTA) technique. The films were characterized by SEM, four-point probe resistivity measurement, XRD, and AES. The RTA processed HTS films had a preferential structure with c-axis normal to the substrate surface.

It has been prepared by a coprecipitation method for Ferroxplana $Ni_2Y\;(Ba_2Ni_2Fe_{12}O_{22}$ magnetic particles, which is one of the Hexagonal ferrite. The coprecipitates were synthesized by adding aqueous solution of $BaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O,\;NiCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O\;and\;FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ (of which the mole ratio is $Ba^{2+}:Ni^{2+}:Fe^{2+}$=1:1:6) to a mixture of NaOH and $Na_2CO_3$ solution. The shape of Ferroxplana $Ni_2Y$ magnetic particles obtained at the calcined temperature 1,100($^{\circ}C$) was hexagonal plate-like, average particle size was 2(${\mu}m$), and aspect ratio was more than 7.

The magnetic properties of aluminium anodized film in which Co-Fe alloy electrodeposited are investigated with regard to the alloy composition of magnetic films. The electrodeposited Co-Fe particles are confirmed to be single phase Co-Fe alloys by X-ray diffractions. The coercive force as well as the magnetic anisotropy energy can be controlled by changing the composition of the alloy. Magneticfilms having high saturation magnetization and high coercive force were obtained.

ZnO/$SnO_2$:F bilayer films have been prepared by pyrosol deposition method to develop optimum transparent electrode for use in amorphous silicon solar cells. The solution for $SnO_2:F$ film was composed of $SnCl_4{\cdot}5H_2O,\;NH_4F,\;CH_3OH$ and HCl, and ZnO films have been deposited on the $SnO_2:F$ films by using the solution of $ZnO(CH_3COO){_2}{\cdot}2H_2O,\;H_2O\;and\;CH_3OH$. These films have been investigated the variation of electrical and optical properties under the hydrogen plasma exposure. The sheet resistance of the $SnO_2:F$ film was sharply increased and its transmittance was decreased with the blackish effect after plasma treatment. However, the ZnO/$SnO_2:F$ bilayer film was shown hydrogen plasma durability because the electrical and optical properties was almost unchanged more then 60 seconds exposure time.

$TiO_2-Nb_2O_5$ thin films are fabricated by Sol-Gel method and their electrical properties have been investigated. The crystalline form is amorphous under $400^{\circ}C$ and is anatase over $500^{\circ}C$. The surface conductivity of films is higher that of $500^{\circ}C$ than that of $600^{\circ}C$.

This paper presents some experimental result of current limiting, fusing and short circuit interruption behavior by notch construction of thin copper film $35{\mu}m$ on epoxy substrate. A fuse-link having elements of copper film provided high-precision small holes by photo eatching process.

Undoped ZnO films were prepared on Soda lime glass using pyrosol deposition method starting from the solutions composed of $ZnO(CH_3COO){_2}\;2H_2O-H_2O-CH_3OH$. Surface morphology revealed ZnO films were polycrystalline above $400^{\circ}C$ substrate temperature in $H_2O$ only solvent $H_2O-CH_3OH$ solvent revealed more good result than $H_2O$ only solvent. the lowest resistivity of as-deposit ZnO films was 4 ${\Omega}$-Cm and transmittance at 550nm was 85%. post-annealing of as-deposited films in a vacuum leads to s reduction in resistivity without affecting the optical transmittance.

This paper may be presented the carrier oscillation properties for the varistor fabricated by a new method of three-composition seed grain, in order to analyze the behavior of carriers at the its equivalent circuit model. The oscillation phenomena of carriers appeared from current-voltage characteristics under knee voltage is shown by the transient flow of non trapped carriers group in the trap level of intergranular layer, surface state and/or depletion layer. However, Current oscillation phenomena is hardly shown in the high electric field. The injected carriers from both electrodes are directly flowed from the conduction band of forward biased grain through the intergranular layer into the reverse biased grain, because the trap level in the electric field above the knee voltage is mostly filled.

The Thermally Stimulated Current(TSC) spectroscopy has been applied to study the influence of the structual cahange and interface on the electrical properties of epoxy composites. Three DGEBA-MeTHPA matrix model samples mixed different ratios and silica($SiO_2$) filled sample and silaln treating-filled sample has been studied. Above room temperature, the relaxation mode $\alpha$ peak associated with Tg has been located at $110^{\circ}C$. Below glass transition temperature(Tg), three relaxation modes are observed in all samples: a $\beta$ mode situated at $10^{\circ}C$, a $\gamma$ mode located at $-40^{\circ}C$ and a $\delta$ mode appeared in $-120^{\circ}C$. The analysis of its fine structure indicates that constitution of elementary processes is characterized by the activation energy and relaxation time. Also the dielectric relaxation properties have been investigated to compare the the change of the molecular structure and motion to the relaxation properties and conduction mechanism in TSC spectra.

EHV underground transmission cable characterized by low loss and bulk capacity should have high reliability to be protected fully from external damages, not to speak of its quality. In 345kV underground transmission lines of our country, the usage of frie protection trough is standardized. Fire protection trough consists of combination of trough body, spacer, shutting board, fastener, and etc. and it is required to have a high level of fire-retardant characteristics and mechanical strength. Since 1992, we, GoldStar Cable, with collaboration of Lucky, have participated in the development of fire protect ion trough and completed the type test of manufacturing site and will be supposed to go into mass product within 1993.

Dielectric breakdown strength of LDPE films was investigated using metal electrodes and semiconductive electrodes respectively. In both of two cases, the results show that there are characteristics of dependence on thickness and dependence on temperature. However, there are some differences in both cases.

Morphology of low density polyethylene(LDPE) such as the degree of crystallinity changes with thermal history etc. In order to clarify the effects of morphological changes on electrical breakdown, we studied direct current and impulse breakdown phenomena of LDPE films heat-treated at 100[$^{\circ}C$] for 1[H] in silicone oil and subsequently cooling to various ways. The degree of crystallinity was estimated by the infra red absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements for the specimens of slowly cooled, cooled in water, original, and cooled in liquid nitrogen gas. As the result, we obtained that the first, second, third, and fourth was slowly cooled of 70.23[%], cooled in water of 61.6[%], original specimen of 56.75[%], and cooled in liquid nitrogen gas of 34.7[%] respectively. The crystalline size and distribution of specimens were researched by Differential scanning calolimeter measurements.

A study has been carried out on the characteristics of dielectric consent and the dissipation factor of Eicosamethyl Eneasiloxane as a function of frequency($30{\sim}10^5$[Hz]) and temperature(-70[$^{\circ}C$] to 65[$^{\circ}C$]). The result shows that a well-defined maxima of the absorption curves characterized by a dipole loss mechanism at a low temperature range. For temperatures in the vicinity of room temperature and higher, the loss in the range of power frequencies are predominantly of ionic nature. The increase of ionic conduction is attributed to the presence of ionizable oxidation products and their increased dissocation feature. The effect of viscosity upon the dipole loss intensity appeared to be considerably less pronounced than that upon ionic conduction loss.

In this paper, studing for the formative characterizations, bonding structures and hydrogen atom content in layer that oxynitride films deposited by Plasma CVD was investigated adaptive possibility for intemediate layer or final passivation layer of ULSI semiconductor devices.

The plasma polymerized thin film of MMA+Sty was prepared using a capacitively coupled gas-flow-type reactor. This thin films were also delincated by the electron-beam apparatus with an acceleration voltage 30KV, and the pattern in the resist was developed with the gas-flow-type reactor using an argon as an etchant. The effect of discharge power on groth rate and etching rate of the thin film were studied. The molacular structure of the resist was investigated by ESCA and FT-IR.

Organic thin films were fabricated an using interelectrode capacitively coupled type plasma polymerizaion apparatus, and their optical properties were investigated. A deposition rate of styrene thin films is linearly increased, but one or vinyl-pyridine thin films is nonlinearly increased with increasing of polymerization time, pressure and monomer flow rate. The transmittance of single layer thin films is constant, but that of multi-layer appeared irregular peak with increasing of the number of layers. And then the refractive index of organic thin films is various from 1.55 to 1.65 with wavelength, the extinction coefficient indicated $10^{-3}$.

Electrical properties of $C_{22}$-Quinolium(TCNQ) Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films are reported depending on a type of applied voltage on a type of applied voltage and temperature. A conductivity was identified to be anisotropic with a ratio of ${\sigma}||/{\sigma}{\bot}{\simeq}10^7$ at room temperature. The I-V characteristics along the film surface direction show an ohmic behavior up to a few hundred volts. But the I-V characteristics in the vertical direction display an ohmic behavior for low-electric field, and a nonohmic behavior for high-electric field. This nonohmic behavior has already been interpreted as a conduction mechanism of space-charge limited current and Schottky effect near the electric-field strengh of $10^6$ V/cm. When the electric field exceeds further, there is anormalous phenomia similiar to breakdown. From the study of I-V characteristics with the application of step or pulse voltage, we have found that the breakdown voltage shifts to higher one as the step or pulse interval becomes shorter. These results indicate that the breakdown is due to both electrical and thermal effect. To see the infulence of temperature, current was measured as function of temperature with several bias voltages, which are lower than that of breakdown. It shows that the current increases about 3 orders of magnitude near $60{\sim}70^{circ}C$, and remains constant for a while up to $140^{\circ}C$ and then suddenly drops. Arahidic acid was used to cmpare with $C_{22}$-Quinolium(TCNQ) LB films.

The molecular electronic devices of organic materials are of current interest. Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method is the most possible candidate for the development of the molecular electronic devices. One of the critical problems for applications of the LB films to the commercial products will be an electrical conductivity within a LB film. We studied the monolayer characteristics and electrical conductivity of the 1:1 mixture LB films of N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ and $TCNQ^0$. There were some differences in the $\pi-A$ isotherm and UV-visible absorption spectrum of N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ and 1:1 mixture. The small critical area of the $\pi-A$ isotherm for 1:1 mixture may result from the bilayer formation. We confirmed the incorporation of the $TCNQ^0$ with the N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ from the UV-visible absorption spectrum. But the electrical conductivity measured was $10^{-7}$ S/cm for the 1:1 mixture film layered at the surface pressure of 35 mN/m. We couldn't gain any electrical conductivity by mixing the $TCNQ^0$ into the N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ layer. We supposed that $TCNQ^0$ mixed in was not packed parallel to the TCNQ anion radical faces.

There are many methods to investigate the physical properties of monolayers formed at the air-water interface. Among them, the displacement current method is appropriate for the investigation of the dynamic behavior of monolayers. The measuring system of displacement current method was constructed at home-made Kuhn type LB deposition apparatus using aluminium plate electrode. The currents induced by the dynamic motion of molecules were measured when the molecules were pressed by barrier. To verify the measuring system, we used 4-octyl -4'-(5-carboxy-pentamethyleneoxy)-azobenzene molecules which has two remarkable variations of surface pressure of monolayer at the air-water interface. We can detect the two peaks of displacement currents which shows that the orientations of molecules are changed greatly at the state of these two remarkable changes of surface pressure.

The use of preformed polymers and their cross-linking have been attempted in order to improve the intrinsic fragility of monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films. The evaluation of the characteristics of LB multi-layer by using AT-cut quartz crystal have been also attempted. From this study, it reveals that the polyether pendants of 2C18VE3 lie at the air-water interface at low surface pressures and are forced down into the subphase when the monolayers are compressed. This caracteristic behavoir of the pendant polyethers is much clear on aqueous PAA and also observed on saturated aqueous NaCl. And the characteristics of LB multi-layers could be evaluated by using AT-cut quartz crystal in situ.

This paper is to study and realize a measuring device for complex dielectric constants. The device is consisted in order of interface unit, external RAM, programmable counter, D/A converter, measuring circuit, Sample & Hold circuit, A/D converter and related control circuits. Various excitation waves are digitalized and sent to the 4096 static RAM by personal computer. These data saved in the RAM are converted to analog excitation waves through D/A converter. The frequency of excitation wave is depend on the read-out speed of the RAM according to clock pulses. Such generated waves are applied to dielectrics under test and their responses are sampled and converted to digital data through A/D converter. The computer takes the digital data and calculates finally the complex dielectric constants. The frequencies for Measurement ranges from 0.04 Hz to 10 kHz.

In this paper, the relationship between electrical breakdown properties and the molecular orientation owing to elongation was investigation from electrical conductivity, electrical breakdown strength and X-ray diffraction wag investigated. The changes of the stretching direction, from an a-axis orientation(at high elongation) to a c-axis orientation(at high elongation), as the elongation increases, were determined from X-ray diffraction patterns. These results suggest that the tendency for a decrease in the trap density at a higher elongation is consistent with a continuous change of the reorientation from the a-axis to the c-axis as the elongation increases.

With the Contact angle of phase epoxy resin on the inorganic filler(glass plate) surface treated with air plasma, we have studied about the interface between epoxy resin and glass plate as simple model of a glass fiber reinforced composite materials. The contact angle on the inorganic filler surface varied with ambient temperature and surface treatment conditions.

This paper studies on the behaviors of decomposition products from DCP according to various drying conditions of DCP. The decomposition products formed during crosslinking reaction have an harmful influence on XLPE. Especially explosive gases like methane which is one of decomposition products may cause explosion accident. We used the Gas Chromatography and Gas sensor for decomposition gases analysis, FT-IR for investigating the behaviors of decomposition products remained in XLPE.

This paper studies on the improvement of non-tracking property which is very important matter for developing polymer insulator. Non-Tracking property of silicon rubber used for polymer insulator was investigated by ASTM D 2303 according to Aluminium Hydrate filler. Furthermore other electrical and mechanical properties were estimated. The optimum amount of Aluminium Hydrate should be considered by following test results.

As increasing of internal resistance value at MCFC electrode, out voltage of battery is decreased currently. We measured overpotential and IR drop which consist of resistance factors in MCFC electrode, and calculated out voltage from open circuit voltage.

In this paper, NUDFET(NonUniformly Doped Field Effect Transistor) is presented as an alternative which offers the possibility of reducing the power necessary to operate switching circuits without a substantial loss in speed. The purpose of this NUDFET is to modify the electric field profile in order to cause carrier velocity saturation to occur at a lower voltage than it would occur in the uniformly doped device of the same channel length. The more MESFET and NUDFET circuits are realized, the more accurate model ins the performance of these devices become required. Analytic model ins was replaced by numerical analysis because of the complexity of device configuration. In this paper, FEM is selected because of simpler local mesh refinement and smaller computer memory than FDM. For accurate analysis, this paper has applied the Scharfetter-Gummel(S-G) Scheme and seven-point Gaussian Quadrature rule to assembly of the finite-element stiffness matrices and right-hand side vector of the semiconductor equations.

Enhancement mode n-channel TFT leakage current(off current : $V_G<0$) that is little agreement on the conduction mechanism is major disadvantage of poly-silicon TFT in practical use, characteristic analysis and model ing. In this paper, new modeling of leakage current is proposed. The activation energy of leakage current, which is dependent on gate voltage, and leakage current dependent on poly silicon thickness are plausibly explained with this model. This model indicate that the reduction of leakage current is attributable to a decrease of maximum laterial electric field strength in the drain depletion region and to the density of trap.

Double Injection(DI) switching devices consist of p+ and n+ contact separated by a nearly intrinsic semiconductor region containing deep trap. The FEM is chosen as a simulation method for DI switching device, because of the advantage in local mesh refinement and computer memory comparing with other methods. And Scharfetter-Gummel(S-G) scheme is applied, with which an accurate-seven point Gaussian Quadrature rule is combined. The existance of deed trap requires the modification of conventional equation set. So recombination rate equation is modified and a new equation is included in the equation set which conventionally consists of Poisson equation and current continuity equations.

Optical data storage offer high density storage and archival storage capability. In this study, we selected the ablation mechanism-one of an irreversible recording system-using the antireflection trilayer(ART) structure. Optical recording medium is a $(Te_{86}Se_{14})_{50}Bi_{50}$ thin films. Actually, ART structure is fabricated and compared to monolayer structure. ART structure leads to the reduction of recording power as well as an increase in the effciency compared to the monolayer structure.

Amorphous chalcogenide glasses are highly transparent in the near $1{\mu}m$ wavelength region, which corresponds to the wavelength region of the optical communication system. Optical properties of these materials, including the transmittance, the optical gap, and the shift associated with reversible photostruction change, were measured. Thereafter, optical waveguide was fabricated by the laser lithographic technique and then, guide modes were measured by utilizing the end-fire coupling technique. The field patterns of both the single mode and the multimode waveguide were observed.

An amorphous $Se_{75}Ge_{25}$ thin film as inorganic resist for the focused ion beam lithography(FIBL) is investigated. This film offers an attractive potential alternative to polymer resists because of a number of advantages, such as the possibility of preparing physically uniform films of thickness as small as 200A and obtaining both positive and negative resist action in the same material, compatibility with dry processing, the sensitivity on optical, e-beam and ion beam exposure, the high-temperature stability, etc. In previous paper, the defocused ion beam-induced characteristics in a-$Se_{75}Ge_{25}$ film has been propose. Practically it is neccesary to know the relation with resist and source ions. For the purpose, the ion stopping power, the ion projected range and ion transmission coefficiency are studied. In this paper, the theoretically calculated values of parameters are presented and compared with theory.

The switching and the retention characteristics with the injection conditions(pulse height and pulse width) were investigated in the nonvolatile MNOS memories with thin oxide layer of $23{\AA}$ thick. The shift of flatband voltage was measured using the fast ramp C-V method and experimental results were analized using the previously developed models. It was shown that the experimental results were described quit well by the trap-assisted and modified Fowler-Nordheim tunneling models for the voltage pulse of $15V{\sim}19V,\;24V{\sim}25V$, respectively. However, the direct tunneling model was agreement with experimental values in all range of pulse height. As increasing the initial shift of the flatband voltage, the decay rate was increased. But for the same initial shift of the flatband voltage, the decay rate was smaller for low and long pulse than for high and short one.

In this study, the characteristics of Si-$SiO_2$ interface and its degradation in short channel SONOSFET nonvolatile memory devices, fabricated by 1Mbit CMOS process($1.2{\mu}m$ design rule), with $65{\AA}$ blocking oxide layer, $205{\AA}$ nitride layer, and $30{\AA}$ tunneling oxide layer on the silicon wafer were investigated using the charge pumping method. For investigating the Si-$SiO_2$ interface characteristics before and after write/erase cycling, charge pumping current characteristics with frequencies, write/erase cycles, as a parameters, were measured. As a result, average Si-$SiO_2$ interface trap density and mean value of capture cross section were determined to be $1.203{\times}10^{11}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}\;and\;2.091{\times}10^{16}cm^2$ before write/erase cycling, respectively. After cycling, when the write/erase cycles are $10^4$, average $Si-SiO_2$ interface trap density was $1.901{\times}10^{11}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}$. Incresing write/erase cycles beyond about $10^4$, Si-$SiO_2$ interface characteristics with write/erase cycles was increased logarithmically.

$SiO_2$ and SiON films are formed by Laser CVD for inter-level dielectrics in submicron VLSI. This technique is noticeable that film formation can be done at low temperatures, below $300^{\circ}C$ with less damage. An ArF Excimer Laser with wave length of 193nm is used to excite and dissociate reactant gases. After film formation growth rate, refractive index, I-V curve, and step coverage characteristics of the films were evaluated.

The silicon-nitride films formed by laser CVD method are used for passivating GaAs surfaces. The electrical Properties of metal-insulator-GaAs structure are studied to determined the interfacial characteristics by C-V curves and deep level transient spectroscopy(DLTS). The SiN films are photolysisly deposited from $SiH_4\;and\;NH_3$ in the range of $100^{\circ}C-300^{\circ}C$ on P type, (100) GaAs. The hysteresis is reduced and interface trap density is lowered to $10^{12}-10^{13}$ at $100^{\circ}C-200^{\circ}C$. The surface leakage current is studied too. The passivated GaAs have a little leakage current compared to non passivated GaAs.

As a highly information-oriented society developes, various kinds of amorphous semiconductor devices, such as solar cells, electrographic printers, image sensors, and flat-panel televisions, have been developed as man/machine interfaces. This paper proposed the laser CVD techniques to deposit hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film on glass or dielectric substrate at low temperatures. Varying the deposition conditions, we examined optical and electrical charateristics of a-Si:H film deposited by Laser CVD.

We investigated theoretically the current-voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes with a single quantum well structure, using a self-consistent method. This method is a numerical analysis which is able to include the effects of the undoped spacer layer and the band bending by charge accumulation and depletion on the contact layers, so that it is better suited to explain experimental results. The structure used is an $Al_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}$As/GaAs/$Al_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}As$ single quantum well. In this work, we estimate the theoretical current-voltage characteristics, and then, the dependence of the current-voltage curves on the thickness of undoped spacer layers.

A new simulation method for a device including the Floated Field Plate(FFP) is proposed. The external resistance is connected with FFP in order to simulate FFP as a electrode. The numerical I-V characteristic obtained from MEDICI simulation shows fairly good results such as low leakage current and abrupt breakdown voltage curve. The convergence is improved conveniently compared with conventional method which utilize heavily-doped poly silicon as a electrode.

An analytical method for the optimum design of the minimum die size in power MOSFETs is presented. The proposed methodology considers the thermal resistance of the package and gives the minimum die area for desired drain current levels. The results are compared with experimental data and it is found that the die size mar be reduced if it is designed according to the proposed design procedure.

The hydrogenation effects on characteristics of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors(poly-Si TFT's) of which the channel length varies from $2.5{\mu}m\;to\;20{\mu}m$ and poly-Si layer thickness is 50, 100, and 150 nm was investigated. After 1 hr hydrogenation annealing by PECVD, the threshold voltage shift decreased dependent on the channel length, but channel width may not alter the threshold voltage shift. In addition to channel length, the active poly-Si layer thickness may be an important parameter on hydrogenation effects, while gate poly-Si thickness may do not influence on the characteristics of TFT's. Considering our experimental results, we propose that channel length and active poly-Si layer thickness may be a key parameters of hydrogenation of poly-Si TFT's.

This paper proposes a new structure of polycrystalline silicon(poly-Si) thin film transistor(TFT) having a thick gate-oxide below the gate edge. The new structure is fabricated by the gate re-oxidation in wet ambient. It is shown that the thick gate-oxide below the gate edge is effective in reducing the leakage current and the gate-drain overlap capacitance. We have simulated this device by using the SSUPREM4 process simulator and the SPISCES-2B device simulator. As a simulation result it is found that the new structure provides a low tentage current less than 0.2 pA and achieves a on/off ratio as high as $5{\times}10^7$.

Properties of oxynitride films oxidized by $N_2O$ gas after thermal oxidation and $N_2O$ oxide films directly oxidized using $N_2O$ gas on the bare silicon wafer have been studied. Through the AES analysis, Nitrogen pile-up at the interface of Si/oxynitride and Si/$N_2O$ oxide has observed. Also, it could be presumed that there are differences in the mechanism of the growth of film by observing film growth. $N_2O$ oxide and oxynitride films have the self-limited characteristics. Therefore, it will be possible to obtain ultra-thin films. Nitrogen pile-up at the interfaces Si/oxynitride and Si/$N_2O$ oxide strengthens film structure and improves dielectric reliability. Although fixed charge densities and interface trap densities of $N_2O$ oxide and oxynitride films has somewhat higher than those of thermal $SiO_2,\;N_2O$ oxide and oxynitride films showed improved I-V characteristics and constant current stress.

Compensation of temperature is very important to make high precision Load Cell. In this study, we developed a new type of load cell. The structure of the load cell has four strain gauges m single surface of the load cell. Also a new temperature compensation method is proposed and these, characteristics are better than previous one. This study will offer application to other type of load cell end another sensors.