ABS(Antilock Brake System), Prevents the wheels from "locking" and improve steering during braking. Currently, safety and environmental issues are a major concern in the automotive industry. ABS has become the vital brake system HILS (Hardware In-the-Loop Simulation) is an effective tool for design. performance evaluation and test of developed vehicle subsystems such as ABS. suspension. and steering systems. This paper describes a HILS model for an ABS/ASR application Also the design and implementation of HILS system for development of the ABS ECU(Electronic Centre) Unit) for commercial vehicle are presented.

ABS(Anti-lock Braking System) is a device which prevents the lock-up of car wheels during emergency braking. It helps to maintain the steerability since the tire-road slip is controlled in an acceptable range. By maintaining the maximal frictional force during braking. ABS can reduce the braking distance. Recently, ABS is accepted as a standard equipment in vehicles, especially in commercial vehicles(bus and trucks). Commercial vehicles mostly use pneumatic pressure for braking. In this paper, ECU(Electronic Control Unit) for the anti-lock braking system of a commercial vehicle which is equipped with a full-air brake system and its control algorithms are presented.

Temporal Logic Frameworks is convenient to represent temporal relation. It is useful to represent a dynamic properties of Discrete Event Dynamic Systems. Also, it is convenient to express a current and next state of event using logical representation. Because the teachability tree of the Temporal Logic Frameworks is very complexity it is difficult to understand. In this paper, we defined some rules to represent Temporal Logic Frameworks by Petri Net and proposed am method of the representation of them Petri Net for the Temporal Logic Frameworks. An example are used to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.

In case of fire in the high-rise buildings, the appropriate and safe evacuation plans for the building residents are very important to minimize the number of casualties. Since the evacuation time usually depends on the floor plans of the buildings, the evacuation plans should be considered while the architectural design is done. Conventionally, the calculation of the evacuation time in the case of fire breakout is based on the approximate mathematical equations which are prone to error. In this study, the simulator model is developed to help the architectural designers to access the more accurate evacuation time and find out the floor plans which offers the most safe evacuation plans for the residents in case of fire.

In this paper, the effective design method of the predictive controller using fuzzy neural networks(FNNs) is presented for the Intelligent control of chaotic nonlinear systems. In our design method of controller, predictor parameters are tuned by the error value between the actual output of a chaotic nonlinear system and that of a fuzzy neural network model. And the parameters of predictive controller using fuzzy neural network are tuned by the gradient descent method which uses control error value between the actual output of a chaotic nonlinear system and the reference signal. In order to evaluate the performance of our controller, it is applied to the Duffing system which are the representative continuous-time chaotic nonlinear systems and the Henon system which are representative discrete-time chaotic nonlinear systems.

이 논문에서는 이산형 상태 공간 모델에서의 새로운 FIR 필터를 제안한다. 선형성, 무진동성, FIR 구조, 초기 조건과의 무관성등을 디자인 과정에서 고려해서 성능 지표를 최소화 하는 필터를 구한다. 성능지표로는 구간에서 외란 에너지와 현재 추정 에러의 최대 이득으로 생각하며, 이 지표는 일반적인 성능지표와는 다르다. 제안된 필터는 배치 형태로 먼저 구하고, 점화식 형태로 바꿀 수 있음을 보인다. 제안한 필터는 확률론적 시스템의 이동 구간 무편향 FIR 필터(RHUFF)와 유사함을 보인다.

Nonlinear frictions which generate many problems in control system exist in almost all the servor control systems. In this paper, the design procedure which employs $H_\infty$ integral controller including two integrators with performance weight is proposed to improve performance of the control system. Limit cycles are unavoidable by the effect of interaction between two integrators and coulomb friction in these system. The describing function method is used to check the limit cycles and determine the coefficients of performance weights to minimize the effect of the limit cycles.

The robust design of controllers to ensure gain and phase margin is can be use approximation of arctan function. In this paper, We proposed a tuning algorithm PID controllers based on specified gain and phase margin by a new approximation of arctan function. This method have linear interpolation equations of two arctan interval instead of one arctan interval of arctan(x). It is shown that the frequency response of this method was to ensure specified gain and phase margin.

Reactor Noise is defined as the fluctuations of measured instrumentation signals during full-power operation of reactor which have informations on reactor system dynamics such as neutron kinetics, thermal-hydraulics, and structural dynamics. Reactor noise analyses of ex-core neutron detector internals such as fuel assembly and Core Support Barrel in Nuclear Power Plant. A real time mode separation technique have been developed and applied for the analyses. The analyses data base have been constructed for the continuous monitoring and diagnose of the reactor internals. Detailed design of diagnostic system reactor internal structures using neutron noise(RIDS).

CATV Network Management system of Korea is used for mainly monitor forward broadcasting signal because of the difficulty of tracking, measuring and control reverse path nosie. Thereby Purpose of this Structure is removing return Path noise of CATV Network for maintaining two way Netowrk Service of the Highest quality.

According to the deregulations of governments in the world. the power industries of United State and European nations are proceeding remote meter reading and remote load control. But the core technology of multifunctional electronic meter implemented by programmable one-chip IC, which can be the right answer of all the power industy's efforts is now still under development in the advanced countries. Implementation of smallest size, lowest price single-phase meter with features which enable distribution automation such as bidirectional communication, Remote load control, remote meter reading, remote credit assigment. Prepayment billing system.

Brushless DC motors are widely used in many industrial fields as an actuator of robot and driving power motors of electrical vehicle. In this paper adaptive fuzzy sliding mode scheme is developed for velocity control of brushless DC motor. The proposed scheme does not require an accurate dynamic model. yet it guarantees asymptotic trajectory tracking despite torque variations. Numerical simulation and DSP-based experimental works for velocity control of brushless DC motor are carried out.

Although Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC) adopted three terms as input gives better performance. FLC is in general composed of two-term control because of the difficulty in the construction of fuzzy rule base. In this paper, a three-term FLC which is similar to PID control but acts as a nonlinear controller is proposed. To reduce the complexity of the rule base design and increase efficiency, a simplified fuzzy PID control is induced from a hybrid velocity/position type PID algorithm by sharing a common rule base for both fuzzy Pi and fuzzy PD parts. It is simple in structure, easy in implementation, and fast in calculation. The phase plane technique is applied to obtain the rule base for fuzzy two-term control and them. The resultant rule base is Macvicar-Whelan type. The frequency response information is used in tuning of membership functions. Also a tuning strategy for the scaling factors is Proposed based on the relationship between PID gain and them. Simulation results show better performance and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper presents an application of $H_\infty$ control design for a magnetic suspension system which has strongly nonlinearity and parameter variations. The designed controller is tested by numerical simulations and experiments.

The importance of total management for maritime structures (Ports, Piers, docks. marine bridges, marine roads, submarine pipelines, etc.) is more and more increasing in these days. Especially, in spite of the marine structures are exposed at the various corrosion circumstances, there are not only a standard of Cathodic Protection System but also knowledge of importance for necessity of corrosion monitoring. Therefore, this paper presents the results of development for the Remote Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring and Control System Using by TRS on Maritime Metallic Structures which can be prevents a big accident by corrosion.

The most important problem in traget tracking can be said to be modeling the tracking system correctly. Although the simple linear dynamic equation for this model has used until now, the satisfactory performance could not be obtained owing to uncertainties of the real systems in the case of designing the filters based on the dynamic equations. In this paper, we propose the extended robust Kalman filter(ERKF) which can be applied to the real target tracking system with the parameter uncertainties. To solve the robust nonlinear fettering problem, we derive the extended robust Kalman filter equation using the Krein space approach and sum quadratic constraint. We show the proposed filter has better performance than the existing extended Kalman filter(EKF) via 3-dimensional target example.

For the control system of thermal turbine in fuel and nuclear power plant, as high reliability and availability are required, redundant control system is generally applied. This paper presents the configuration and design of such a redundant control system that can be suitable for control and monitoring of the turbine. System components such as I/O system, communication networks, voting system are designed, and especially the new intelligent voter using serial communication are proposed. The characteristics of the implemented control system is independence of the control, protection and monitoring functions, and discrimination of the redundancies, and high availability. The control functions such as speed control, load control, valve control and protective functions such as overspeed and PLU are designed in detail.

In this paper, a fuzzy prediction method is proposed for time series data having uncertainty and non-stationary characteristics. Conventional methods, which use past data directly in prediction procedure, cannot properly handle non-stationary data whose long-term mean is floating. To cope with this problem, a data preprocessing technique utilizing the differences of original time series data is suggested. The difference sets are established from data. And the optimal difference set is selected for input of fuzzy predictor. The proposed method based the Takigi-Sugeno-Kang(TSK or TS) fuzzy rule. Computer simulations show improved results for various time series.

Vehicle electric power system, which consists of two major components; an alternator and a battery, supplies electric power to vehicle electric and electronic systems. In recent years, bigger power supply is required for the rapid demand of the number of vehicle electric and electronic systems. It is important that vehicle power system should be analyzed exactly. For the simulation of vehicle electric power system, appropriate component model of vehicle electric power system should be chosen. In this paper, a simplified and accurate battery model is developed to obtain the battery parameters, and a Variable Alternator Terminal Voltage Model is introduced to described an alternator. The case study shows that simulation results using the suggested models are well agreed with the experiments.

There are various ways in classification methodologies of data mining such as neural networks but the result should be explicit and understandable and the classification rules be short and clear. Rough set theory is a effective technique in extracting knowledge from incomplete and inconsistent information and makes an offer classification and approximation by various attributes with effect. This paper discusses granularity of knowledge for reasoning of uncertain concepts by using generalized rough set approximations based on hierarchical granulation structure and uses hierarchical classification methodology that is more effective technique for classification by applying core to upper level. The consistency rules with minimal attributes is discovered and applied to classifying real data.

This paper has proposed a new digital ground resistance tester for electrical systems. It features automatic operation with an injected current source. Without climbing electric power poles a worker can measure safely and quickly a ground resistance and current along the ground line.

This thesis presents a analysis method of hybrid synthesis petri net for automated manufacturing systems in discrete event dynamic system. There are many errors that can happen to petri net modeling of complex systems because petri net modeling process has so many steps. A new matrix analysis method presented in this thesis can confirm the property of petri net such as boundedness, liveness and reversibility, modify errors which can be occurred in modeling.

In this paper, Using CDM(Coefficient Diagram Method), we set target polynomial constraints and design 4-PID controller which have different structures such as Textbook PID-controller, Derivative of output PID-controller, set point of I only controller(I-PD controller) and PI controller followed by lag network(PI lag network controller) were tested by simulations. The plant we used are that used in IFAC 93 benchmark test. A controller designer, using CDM could use these results to select the controller's structure which is the best one fer him.

In this paper, a new method for system identification is proposed. Unknown dynamic system is identified to the second order transfer function, which can be applied to PID controller design. First, overshoot$(o_s)$, settling time$(t_s)$, and steady state value$(y_{ss})$ are obtained from the step response of unknown dynamic system. And then, we can get the second order transfer function using equations which are extracted from those three parameters$(o_s,t_s,y_{ss})$ through mathmatical analysis. In addition, simulation is carried out to show excellent performance of proposed identification method compare with other.

In this paper, we proposed a decoupled adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control scheme in designing the SMC of a class of fourth-order nonlinear systems. These systems are decoupled the whole system into two second-order systems such that each subsystem has a separate control target expressed in terms of a sliding surface. Then, information from the secondary target conditions the main target, which, in turn, generates a control action to make both subsystem move toward their sliding surface. respectively, and Two sets of fuzzy rule bases are utilized to represent the equivalent control input with unknown system functions of the main target, The membership functions of the THEN-part. which is used to construct a suitable equivalent control of SMC. are changed according to adaptive law, Under this design scheme, we not only maintain the distribution of membership functions over state space but also reduce considerably computing time, we apply the decoupled adaptive sliding-mode control to control a nonlinear inverted pendulum system and confirms the validity of the proposed approach.

In this paper, the Direct Learning Control is applied to robot's trajectory tracking control to solve the problem that lies in the existing Iterative Learning Control(ILC) and the tracking Performance is analyzed and the better approach is searched using computer simulation and experiments. It is assumed that the Direct Learning Control(DLC) is saved onto memory basically after obtaining control input Profiles for several Periodic output trajectories using the ILC. In case the new output trajectory has special relations with the previous output trajectories, there is an advantage that the desired control input profile can be obtained without iterative executions only using the DLC. The robot's tracking control system is comprised of DSP chip. A/D converter, D/A converter and high-speed pulse counter included in the control board and the performance is examined by carrying out the tracking control for the given output trajectory.

In this paper, an extension of model predictive controller for nonlinear process using Takagi-Sugeno(TS) fuzzy model is proposed Since the consequent parts of TS fuzzy model comprise linear equations of input and output variables. it is locally linear, and the Generalized Predictive Control(GPC) technique which has been developed to control Linear Time Invariant(LTI) plants, can be extended as a parallel distributed controller. Also fuzzy soft constraints are introduced to handle both equality and inequality constraints in a unified form. So the traditional constrained GPC can be transferred to a standard fuzzy optimization problem. The proposed method conciliates the advantages of the fuzzy modeling with the advantages of the constrained predictive control, and the degree of freedom is increased in specifying the desired process behavior.

The new design methodology of a hybrid fuzzy controller by means of the genetic algorithms is presented. In fuzzy controller which has been widely applied and used. in order to construct the best fuzzy rules that include adjustment of fuzzy sets, a highly skilled techniques using trial and error are required. To deal with such a problem, first, a hybrid fuzzy controller(HFC) related to the optimal estimation of control parameters is proposed. The HFC combined a PID controller with a fuzzy controller concurrently produces the better output performance than any other controller from each control output in steady state and transient state. Second, a auto-tuning algorithms is presented to automatically improve the performance of hybrid fuzzy controller, utilizing the simplified reasoning method and genetic algorithms. In addition, to obtain scaling factors and PID Parameters of HFC using GA, three kinds of estimation modes such as basic, contraction, and expansion mode are effectively utilized. The HFCs are applied to the first-order second-order process with time-delay and DC motor Computer simulations are conducted at step input and the performances of systems are evaluated and also discussed from performance indices.

In this paper, we design a robust adaptive controller for a nonlinear systems with uncertainties to be rejected via disturbance adaptation law. The nonlinear system considered in this paper has unknown nonlinear functions being influenced by external disturbance. The upper bounds of unknown nonlinear functions at each time is estimated by using disturbance adaptation law. The estimated nonlinear functions are used to design stabilizing function and control of input. Tuning function is used to estimate unknown system parameter without overparametrization. A set-point regulation error converges to a residual set close to zero asymptotically fast.

In this paper, a home network message specification and systems based on the Power Line Communication(PLC) are proposed. As a case study, the home network message specification and systems for the white goods are proposed. It is designed for the various home appliances from the lightning to the white goods using power line communication based on Internet protocol. The proposed home network system is composed of the home network message specification with browsing S/W and embedded H/W design based on the power line communication.

In the field of computer graphics, it approached the investigation of outstanding performance and high speed. Although most introduced Anti-Aliasing method were to meet these, it was not to improve speed. Because Anti-Aliasing method was focus on only qualify. Anti-Aliasing Effect is compensated from movement of object on the screen. Speed is important in the REAL-TIME application program like as 3D games. Cause Anti-Aliasing which needs great amount of time is not used in general. This Paper suggest the Efficient Anti-Aliasing method which apply Two-Point Anti-Aliasing Method that informs brightness data of the screen and use adjacent brightness data for real-time rendering.

This paper proposes an approach for recovering the orignal signal's spectrum from the spectra of a certain number of subsequenses, obtained by downsampling the original sequence. Closed-form expressions for the missing samples in terms of the known samples are obtained by exploiting the linear dependence relationship among the spectra of downsampled subsequences.

Turbo Code is one of the most useful and powerful channel coding technique. It is adopted in radio transmission of IMT-2000, both CDMA2000 and W-CDMA system. The performance of this code depends on many parameters such as encoder memory size, free distance of codewords, interleaver size, number of decoding iteration, and so on. This paper describes a Multi-Stage Interleaver which is used in Turbo Codes for W-CDMA channel coding. We compare the performance of a Multi-Stage Interleaver with that of Mother Interleaver. The simulation results show that Multi-Stage Interleaver performs better than Mother Interleaver in bit error rate from $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-6}$.

국내 과학관측 로켓(Korea Sounding Rocket-III; 이하 KSR-III) 발사통제 시스템 개발 중 로켓 임무 달성에 필요한 시스템 구성과 제작에 대한 전반적인 설계내용을 기술하였다. 로켓 임무와 설계 요구 조건에 의해 각 통제 콘솔과 발사 상황판은 설계되었고 현재 제작 중에 있으며. 향후 KSR-III 발사시험 시 활용 할 계획이다.

일반적으로 개인방사선감시에 열형광선량계와 필름배지가 공식 개인선량계로 이용되어 왔고 현재까지도 가장 보편적으로 사용되고 있다. 하지만 최근에는 Si 다이오드와 G-M관을 이용한 능동형 개인피폭선량계가 개발 보급되고 있다. 개인피폭선량계는 누적선량을 실시간으로 알 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 선량률에 관한 정보도 제공하므로 높은 비용부담에도 불구하고 피폭관리의 용이함으로 인해 주목을 받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 수입에 의존해 온 개인피폭선량계를 대체하기 위해 반도체형 방사선 검출기를 설계하여 다양한 서비스를 부가할 수 있는 개인피폭선량계를 자체개발고, 선량계의 운영 및 판독을 위한 장치를 개발하였다.

The Cathodic Protection system which is usually applied to marine metallic structures in domestic is Sacrificial Anode Method. In general. low efficiency rectifiers are using in the field of Cathodic Protection. These rectifiers are not only low efficiency but also manual type which is not able to control remotely. In this paper we describe the high efficiency rectifier used the high speed switching method for optimum corrosion control of marine metallic structures.

RF-ID system is being used in such diverse applications as access control, highway toll collection, personnel identification, and subway system. Especially for subway system that typically see high volumes of passenger at specific times of the days. it's critical to find a way to collect fares without unnecessarily delaying passengers. In the study, we discuss the possibility of removing all ticket gate machines in stations. This paper presents the discrimination method of card group for subway station without enter and exit gates using RF-ID system.

In this paper, we designed and made an experiment on a general analog data acquistion system. which used $\mu$-controller. Using the general purpose $\mu$-controller and simple algorithm. we could easily acquire the state of physical system and convert analog to digital data which is possible digital processing. Finally, we realized the RS232 serial communication system for more complex data processing from PC.

인터넷의 대중화와 함께 데이터 통신서비스에 대한 수요로 데이터 통신망은 그 양과 종류가 급격하게 증가하고 있어서 통신망 운용에 따른 망구성 및 고장처리 체계의 정립이 필요하게 되었다. 더더구나 앞서가는 통신업자들은 사이버상에서도 양질의 고객응대 서비스를 제공하려고 노력하고 있다. 현재 통신망연구소에서 개발중인 데이터 통신망 통합 고장처리시스템은 한국통신에서 제공하고 있는 데이터망들에 대한 고장신고를 접수하고, 고장에 대한 시험 및 수리를 수행하며, 그 결과를 고객에게 통보하는 전과정에 관련된 기술을 포함하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터 통신망에 대한 고장시험, 가입자정보관리, 망상태관리에 관련된 시스템들과의 체계적인 연동을 통한 통합고장처리 방안, 시스템 개발 구조 등을 기술한다.

많은 목적을 가진 영상 압축 표준으로 인해 원래의 목적으로 이미 부호화된 영상을 다른 목적에 맞는 영상으로 변환해야 될 경우가 발생하는데, 목적 비트율과 목적 크기, 목적 부호화 형식으로 재부호화시키는 과정을 변환 부호화라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 이미 부호화된 영상의 움직임 벡터 정보를 이용하여 변환 부호화 과정에서 새로운 움직임 벡터의 추정시간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 화질의 열화 및 계산량을 최소화 할 수 있는 새로운 방법들을 제안하고 영상의 비트율과 크기를 변환시키는 경우와 화상의 종류를 변환시키는 경우에 대해서 각각 실험을 통해 제안한 방법과 기존의 방법들을 비교, 검증하고자 한다.

본 논문에서는 영상의 형태 정보를 이용하여 내용 기반 영상 검색을 수행할 수 있는 방법으로, 질의(query) 영상의 의사 저나이크 모멘트에서 영상내의 물체 형태에 대한 기여도가 가장 큰 모멘트를 추출하여 영상 전체의 형태 정보를 대표하는 특징벡터로 정하여 영상 검색을 수행하는 방법과, 영상의 인터레스트 포인트에서 미분 불변치 벡터와 위치 특성 벡터를 계산하여 영상의 지역 형태 정보를 대표하는 특징벡터로 정하여 영상 검색을 수행하는 방법, 그리고 두가지 방법을 모두 고려하여 영상 검색을 수행하는 방법을 제시한다. 트레이드마크 영상 데이터베이스에 대해 영상 검색을 수행하여 기존의 영상 검색 방법과의 비교를 통하여 제안한 방법의 우수함을 보인다.

In this paper, we proposed color stereo matching algorithm using dynamic programming. The conventional gray stereo matching algorithms show blur at depth discontinuities and non-existence of matching pixel in occlusion lesions. Also it accompanies matching error by lack of matching information in the untextured region. This paper defines new cost function makes up for the problems happening in conventional gray stereo matching algorithm. New cost function contain the following properties. I) Edge points are corresponded to edge points. ii) Non-edge points are corresponded to non-edge points. iii) In case of exiting the amount of edges, the cost function has some weight in proportion to path distance. Proposed algorithm was applied in various images obtained by parallel camera model. As the result, proposed algorithm showed improved performance in the aspect of matching error and processing in the occlusion region compared to conventional gray stereo matching algorithms.

본 논문에서는 미지의 환경에서 이동 로봇이 주행 중 얻어진 격자지도(grid map)상의 장애물 정보를 이용하여 이동 로봇 주변환경을 직선선분으로 표현한다. 격자지도의 장애물 정보는 초음파 센서를 이용하여 얻어지므로 이동로봇과 인접한 장애물 정보만을 얻게된다. 얻어진 격자 정보를 호프변환을 이용하여 직선선분을 구축하고 이를 이전에 얻어진 직선선분과 결합하여 전체지도를 완성해 간다. 논의된 방법은 모의실험을 통하여 증명하였다.

Si PIN diodes are subject to be damaged from the exposure of fast neutron by displacement of Si lattice structure. The defects are effective recombination centers for carriers which migrate through the base region of the PIN diode when forward voltage is applied. It causes an increase in current and a decrease in resistivity of the diode. This paper presents the development of a neutron sensor based on displacement damage effect. PIN diodes having various structures were made by micro-fabrication process, and neutron beam test was performed to identify neutron damage effect to the diode. From a result of the test, it was shown that the forward voltage drop of the diode, at a constant current, has good linearity for neutron dosage. Also it was found that the newton dosage can be measured by the pin diode neutron dosimeter with constant current power.

본 논문에서는 기구적으로 여유자유도를 갖는 로봇 매니퓰레이터 시스템을 대상으로 하여, 로봇 랜드가 주어진 제적을 추종할 수 있는 관절 토크를 유도하기 위한 동적제어 식을 새로이 구성하고, 동적제어식을 만족하는 관절 토크 해들 중에 국소적으로 토크의 크기를 최적화하는 해를 사용하는 최적토크제어를 제안한다. 최적토크를 구하는 문제에 있어 관절 토크에 가중치 행렬을 적용하여 각 관절 토크의 최대 크기의 비를 반영할 수 있도록 한다. 또한, 로봇 핸드 자코비안-관성 역행렬의 영공간에서 나타나는 영공간 관절 속도를 정의하고 이러한 영공간 관절속도가 최적토크제어에서는 로봇 시스템을 불안정하게 할 수 있다는 것을 보인다. 최적토크 제어의 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 영공간 관절 속도를 제거하기 위한 소산토크를 유도하고, 최적토크제어식에 소산토크를 추가하는 방법을 제안한다. 평면형 3-자유도 로봇을 대상으로 한 모의실험을 통해 제안된 제어 방법의 우수성을 검증하고 그 결과를 분석한다.

This paper presents a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) system to decide whether or not the right information of lanes can be extracted from gray-level images of road scene. The decision of noisy level of input images has been required because much noises usually deteriorates the performance of feature detection based on image processing and lead to erroneous results. As input parameters to FNN, eight noisiness indexes are constructed from a cumulative distribution function (CDF) and proved the indexes being classifiers of images as the good and the bad corrupted by sources of noise by correlation analysis between input images and the indexes. Considering real-time processing and discrimination efficiency, the proposed FNN is structured by eight input parameters, three fuzzy variables and single output. We conduct much experiments and show that our system has comparable performance in terms of false-positive rates.

Linearization of the biped dynamic equations and design of linear controller for the linearized equations are studied in this paper. The biped robot with inverted pendulum type trunk, used to stabilize the dynamic balancing of the biped robot during dynamic walking period, is modelled with 14 DOF and simulated. Despite of well defined linear control theories so far, the linear control methods was limited to the applications for a walking robot, because they have been inherently strong nonlinear properties, such as a modeling parameter uncertainties, external forces as noise, inertial and Coriolis terms by three dimensional modeling and so on. To linearize the nonlinear equations of motion of biped robot on MIMO and time varying linear equations of motion, 1st order Taylor series is used to formulate the linear equation. And a 2nd order numerical perturbation method Is used to approximate partial differential equations. Using the linearized equations of motion, a linear controller is designed by pole placement method with feed forward compensation. Using the obtained linearized equations and linear controller, the continuous walking simulation is performed.

In this paper, pattern recognition scheme for EMG signal using artificial neural network is proposed. For manipulating ability, the movements of human arm are classified into several categories EMG signals of appropriate muscles are collected during arm movement. Patterns of EMG signals of each movement are recognized as follows: 1) The features of each EMG signal are extracted. 2) With these features, the neural network is trained by using feedforward error back-propagation (FFEBP) algorithm. The results show that the arm movements can be classified with EMG signals at high accuracy.

본 논문에서는 buffer를 장착한 양 방향성 $a{\times}b$ switch들로 구성된 fat-tree network의 성능 분석 기법을 제안하고, 분석 모형의 타당성을 검증하였다. 제안한 분석 기법은 먼저 스위치 내부의 데이터 이동 패턴을 확률식으로 표현하고. 나아가서 buffer를 장착한 $a{\times}b$ switch의 buffer 크기에 따른 정상상태 throughput을 간단한 수식으로 구할 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 토대로 buffer를 장착한 $a{\times}b$ switch로 구성된 fat-tree network의 성능을 분석하고, 제안한 분석모형의 실효성 입증을 위하여 simulation을 시행한 후 결과를 비교 분석하였다.

The 74181 is arithmetic logic units(ALU)/function generator. This circuit performs 16 binary arithmetic operations on two 4-bit words. And a full carry look-ahead scheme is made available in this device. The 74181 can also be utilized as a comparator. This circuit has been also designed to provide 16 possible functions of two Boolean variables without the use of external circuitry. This paper analyzes the function of the logic and the implementation adopted in the design of 74181. The understanding of the logic characteristics of this chip enables us to improve future applications.

1bit full adder have 3 input (including carry_in) and 2 outputs(Sum and Carry_out). Because of 1 bit full adder's propagation delay. We usually use 4-bit binary full adder with fast carry, 74LS283. The 74LS283 is positive logic circuit chip. But the logic function of binary adder is symmetrical, so it can be possible to use it not only positive logic but also the negative logic. This thesis use symmetrical property. such as $C_{i+1}(\bar{a_i}\bar{b_i}\bar{c_i})=C_{i+1}{\bar}(a_i,\;b_i,\;c_i)$ and $S_i(\bar{a_i}\bar{b_i}\bar{c_i})=\bar{S_i}(a_i,\;b_i,\;c_i)$. And prove this property with logic operation. Using these property, the 74LS283 adder is possile as the negation logic circuit. It's very useful to use the chip in negative logic. because many system chip is negative logic circuit. for example when we have negative logic chip with 74LS283. we don't need any not gate for 74LS283 input, and just use output of adder(74LS283) as the negation of original output.

This paper implements and analyzes logically the Borrow Look-ahead Subtracter using Borrow Generator and Borrow Propagator. In subtracting calculation, we improve the calculating efficiency with using 4-bit subtracter which has Borrow Look-ahead Subtracters connection, and show that this is compatible with adder using the concept of Carry Generator and Carry Propagator. This subtracter may be useful in frequent subtracting calculation. We think this approach makes it possible to implement simple ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) with combining the concept of Borrow Look-ahead Subtracter and Carry Look-ahead Adder.

본 논문에서는 비교기의 설계 및 확장에 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 2bit 인코딩방법을 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 인코딩 방법을 이용하여 현재 비교기로 널리 사용하는 74LS85와 새로 설계한 5bit비교기에서의 직/병렬 N-bit로 확장했을 때의 응용방법을 비교한다. 또한 magnitude 비교기를 이용한 디코더 회로를 꾸며 음수 영역까지 확장할 수 있음을 보인다.

The fuzzy inference system is a popular computing framework based on the concepts of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if-then rules, and fuzzy reasoning. The advantage of fuzzy approach over traditional ones lies on the fact that fuzzy system does not require a detail mathematical description of the system while modeling. As modeling method. the Group Method of Data Handling(GMDH) is introduced by A.G. Ivakhnenko GMDH is an analysis technique for identifying nonlinear relationships between system's inputs and output. We study a Novel Neuro-Fuzzy Network (NNFN) in this paper. NNFN is a network resulting from the combination of a fuzzy inference system and polynomial neural network(PNN) (7) which is advanced structure of GMDH. Simulation involve a series of synthetic as well as experimental data used across various neurofuzzy systems.

This paper analyzes the method of cascading 74LS163 4-Bit Binary Counters. The 74LS163 4-Bit Binary Counter has synchronous LD. CLR functions and especially ENT, ENP, RCO to cascade some chips in order to count more 4bit binary number. The maximum operating frequency may vary according to the method of cascading. The Data sheet from Texas Instruments introduces two methods, The Ripple Carry Mode Circuit and The Carry Look Ahead Circuit, and shows that The Carry Look Ahead Circuit is more efficient than the other. However, there are only little information for user to understand and apply this to other circuits. Thus, we not only analyzed the two methods but also compared with each other in the point of performance.

Most neural network learning schemes are derived from learning systems which are generally iterative in nature. But, when the given input-output training vector pairs satisfy a PLI condition, the training and the application of a hard-limited neural network can be achieved non-iteratively with very short training time and very robust recognition when it is applied to recognize any untrained patterns. In this paper, a method of expanding the dimension of training pattern data is suggested. The proposed method demonstrates better performance and robustness.

In this paper, we propose the Self-Organizing Networks(SON) based on competitive Fuzzy Polynomial Neuron(FPN) for the optimal design of nonlinear process system. The SON architectures consist of layers with activation nodes based on fuzzy inference rules. Here each activation node is presented as FPN which includes either the simplified or regression Polynomial fuzzy inference rules. The proposed SON is a network resulting from the fusion of the Polynomial Neural Networks(PNN) and a fuzzy inference system. The conclusion part of the rules, especially the regression polynomial uses several types of high-order polynomials such as liner, quadratic and modified quadratic. As the premise part of the rules, both triangular and Gaussian-like membership functions are studied. Chaotic time series data used to evaluate the performance of our proposed model.

In this paper, we propose fuzzy-neural Networks(FNN) which is useful for identification algorithms. The proposed FNN model consists of two steps: the first step, which determines premise and consequent parameters approximately using FCM_RI method, the second step, which adjusts the premise and consequent parameters more precisely by gradient descent algorithm. The FCM_RI algorithm consists FCM clustering algorithm and Recursive least squared(RLS) method, this divides the input space more efficiently than convention methods by taking into consideration correlations between components of sample data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed FNN model, we use the time series data for gas furnace.

We propose a new Dynamic Multilayer Perceptorn(DMP) architecture for optimal model identification of complex and nonlinear system in this paper. The proposed DMP scheme is presented as the generic and advanced type based on the GMDH(Group Method of Data Handling) method for the limitation of GMDH under only two system input variables. It is worth stressing that the number of the layers and the nodes in each layer of the DMP are not predetermined, unlike in the case of the popular multilayer perceptron structure, but these are generated in a dynamic manner. The experimental part of the study comes with representative nonlinear static system. Comparative analysis is included and shows that a new DMP can produce the model with higher accuracy than previous other works.

협조행동이 요구되는 다수의 자율이동로봇 시스템에서 각 개체는 주변환경의 인식뿐만 아니라 지속적인 환경변화에 적응할 수 있는 고도의 추론능력을 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 강화학습을 이용하여 동적으로 변화하는 환경에서 스스로 학습하여 대처할 수 있는 협조행동 방법을 제시하였다. 강화학습은 동물의 학습방법 연구에서 비롯되었으며, 주어진 목표를 수행하는 과정에서 개체의 행동이 목표를 성취하도록 하였을 때는 그 행동에 보상을 주어 환경의 상태에 따른 최적의 행동방법을 찾아내도록 학습하는 방법이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 포식자들이 협조행동을 통하여 능동적으로 움직이는 먹이를 잡는 까다로운 문제에 제안한 방법을 적용하여 그 성능을 검증하였다.

본 논문에서는 실시간 음성 인식에 의한 립싱크(Lip-synchronization) 애니메이션 제공 방법에 관한 것으로서, 소정의 음성정보를 인식하여 이 음성 정보에 부합되도록 애니메이션의 입모양을 변화시켜 음성정보를 시각적으로 전달하도록 하는 립싱크 방법에 대한 연구이다. 인간의 실제 발음 모습에 보다 유사한 립싱크와 생동감 있는 캐릭터의 얼굴 형태를 실시간으로 표현할 수 있도록 마이크 등의 입력을 받고 신경망을 이용하여 실시간으로 음성을 인식하고 인식된 결과에 따라 2차원 애니메이션을 모핑 하도록 모델을 상고 있다.

근래 Web Server의 안정된 운용의 중요성이 급증하는 Network Traffic과 더불어 점차 증대되고 있다. 기본적인 Network 구성망은 Ethernet으로 표준적인 프로토콜은 TCP/IP로 기반을 잡고 있다. 날로 증가하는 Network Traffic을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서는 Network의 bandwidth 및 서버가 처리할 수 있는 데이터 양을 분석하여 병목현상을 줄이고 데이터의 흐름을 원활히 하기 위한 데이터 buffer들의 설치와 적절한 운영 방법에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Web Server로부터 image 데이터를 전송 받아 이를 원활히 display하기 위한 Application Layer에서의 buffer 크기 및 제어방법에 관한 연구를 수행하고 특히 연속적인 이미지의 전송과 재생에 관한 buffer management에 관하여 고찰한다.

본 연구는 벡터데이터에 워터마크를 삽입하고 추출하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 삽입방법은 각 좌표를 마스크 안에서의 좌표로 변환한 후 워터마크의 크기에 따라 삽입영역을 다르게 설정한다. 이 방법은 기존의 Sakamoto 알고리즘을 일반화한다. 즉 기존의 마스크는 $2^R$-1이지만 이 논문에서는 일반화된 정사각형을 사용할 수 있다. 또한 잡음에 강인함을 보인다.

전문가의 지식이 없거나 이를 이용하기가 힘든 상황에서 클러스터링과 GA를 이용하여 퍼지 시스템을 설계하는 방법에 관해 연구하였다. 클러스터링에 사용될 데이터의 획득을 위해 두 가지 상황을 고려하여 연구하였다. 먼저 기존의 제어기가 있는 상황에서 개선된 제어기를 설계하기 위해 기존 제어 시스템의 동작시 입출력에 관계된 상태를 샘플링하여 데이터를 획득하였으며, 다음으로 기존의 제어기가 없는 상황에서는 사람이 시스템을 최적으로 동작시키고 이때 시스템에 관계된 상태를 샘플링하였다. 획득된 데이터를 클러스터링하여 퍼지 시스템을 설계하고 이의 최적화에는 GA를 사용하였다.

네트워크 데이터 traffic 특성은 네트워크의 성능분석과 설계에 중요한 요소이고 적절한 traffic modeling을 통해 load balancing, fault tolerance 및 전송속도 개선 둥 시스템 성능을 높이는데 보다 유용한 자료를 제공할 수 있어 지금까지 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 네트워크 traffic은 네트워크의 규모와 서비스 종류 등 여러 가지 이유로 어느 한가지 모델로 규정짓는 것이 용이하지 않다. 또한 근래 인터넷 사용자의 수가 급속히 증가함에 따라 네트워크 traffic의 대부분이 world wide web에 기인하는 특성을 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 웹서버 운용환경 하에서 적용될 수 있는 traffic model들에 대해 고찰하고 실제 네트워크에서의 패킷 모니터 링을 통한 traffic 분석 예를 보인다.

오늘날 인터넷 사용자들은 정보의 홍수 속에 놓여있다. 웹사이트에 들어가면 대부분은 자신과 관련 없는 정보들이 쏟아진다. 따라서 인터넷 사용자들의 관심에 맞는 내용을 제 공해주어 시간의 절약과 동시에 사용자에게 가치 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있게 하는 서비스가 필요하다. 이러한 개인화 된 서비스를 제공해주기 위해 사용자에 대한 정확한 분석을 바탕으로 사용자에게 효율적인 서비스를 제공하여야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사용자 프로파일 및 웹 로그 등을 토대로 각 고객의 성향과 패턴을 정확하게 분석하여, 사용자 각 개인에게 적합하며 효율적인 서비스를 제공해 줄 수 있는 Web Usage Mining 을 통한 사용자 패턴 추출 알고리즘을 개발하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 연구한 Web Usage Mining 알고리즘은 사용자의 웹 사용 습관을 토대로 데이터 마이닝의 과정을 거쳐 사용자의 성향과 관심을 결정하고, 이를 바탕으로 사용자에게 알맞은 내용을 제공할 수 있도록 할 것이다. 이때, 사용자의 정보는 웹 내에서의 행동 중에서 중요하게 사용되는 특정한 페이지를 보는 시간, 웹 서핑 패턴, 전자 상거래 사이트의 경우에는 구매한 상품과 쇼핑 카트에 넣은 상품 등의 관찰된 정보를 기반으로 하며, 개인의 사생활을 침해하지 않는 범위 내에서 이루어지도록 했다.

XML형식으로 표현된 RDF data를 VRML을 사용하여 시각적으로 나타내는 방법을 연구하였다. 현재 Web 환경은 동적으로 문서를 생성하고 Visual하게 표현하는 방향으로 발전하고 있으며 이러한 환경에서 XML은 실시간으로 data를 생성하기 쉬워 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 XML은 text 기반이기 때문에 data를 가시화하여 사용자한테 보여주기 힘들며 data를 표현하는데 너무 많은 융통성을 제공하고 있다는 단점이 있다. 이에 XML 표현에 제약을 둬 표준적인 방식으로 표현하도록 해주는 RDF가 유용하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VRML을 RDF와 결합하여 실시간으로 변하는 data를 시각화 도구를 사용하여 표현하는 방법에 대해 연구를 하였다 이를 위하여 Java Servlet을 사용하였으며 RDF 문서에서 data를 추출하여 VRML 펀드를 만들고. 그 코드를 사용자측에 전달하여 시각적으로 data를 볼 수 있도록 하는 시스템을 구현하였다.

기존에 존재하던 많은 실물 시장(Real Market)은 가상 공간(Cyber Space)상으로 이전하게 되고 이 속에서 디지털 데이터를 근간으로 각종 구입, 판매 그리고 대금 지불이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 환경에서 가장 중요한 것은 지불 방법에 관한 문제로 기존의 지불 방법으로는 한계가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 전자지불 수단을 비교, 분석하여 새로운 지불시스템인 혼합형 전자지불 시스템을 제시하고 구체적 활용에 대해 살펴보았다.

전자상거래에서 쇼핑몰의 개인화된 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 소비자의 구매 패턴을 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 패턴을 효과적으로 분석하기 위해 웹사이트 상에서 사용자 행동 패턴 정보를 수집해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 패턴 수집 시스템으로 쇼핑몰 서버에 기능을 추가하고 지능형 웹로그 서버를 정의하며 이를 설계, 구현하였다. 전자상거래 쇼핑몰 서버에는 사용자 행위 정보를 로그에 포함시켜 지능형 웹로그 서버에 전송하는 기능을 추가하였다. 그리고 지능형 웹로그 서버는 쇼핑몰 서버로부터 받은 로그 데이터를 분석하고 데이터베이스화하여 저장한다. 이때 데이터베이스 저장 기술로 OLE DB Provider상에서 수행되는 ADO기술을 사용한다. 그리고 저장된 데이터베이스를 레코드셋 단위로 원격에서 제어 가능하게 한다. 또 생성된 데이터베이스에서 필요한 데이터를 선별하여 XML DB로 저장한다. 이와 같은 사용자 패턴 수집 시스템은 데이터베이스 접근 속도가 빠르고, 관계형이나 비관계형 둘 다의 데이터베이스 접근이 가능하다는 장정을 가지며, 원격 데이터 베이스 접근 시 서버의 부하를 줄일 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

텍스처 정보는 정지 영상 뿐 아니라 동영상 분석에서도 많은 정보를 제공한다. 이러한 텍스처 정보를 동영상의 움직임 분류에 사용하여 기존의 색, 색영역의 배치 정보, 기준 형상, 명도 텍스처 등을 기본 탐색 키로 삼는 동영상 검색 시스템에 텍스처 특성을 움직임 정보에 적용하여 저 수준 정보에서 움직임 정보가 직접적으로 추출될 수 있음을 보였다. 이 방법의 장점은 배경 소거, 오브젝트 추출 및 추적, 참조 곡선 탐색 등 많은 계산량을 요구하는 연산들이 없이도 움직임 정보를 압축 동영상에서 추출할 수 있다는 것이다. 또한 동영상은 데이터의 양이 매우 크기 때문에 압축되어 있는 것이 필수인데 본 연구에서는 웨이브릿으로 압축되어 있는 동영상에서 움직임 정보가 고주파 부분에 집중되어 있는 점을 이용하여 역변환을 거치지 않고 직접 템포럴 텍스처를 생성하였다. 따라서 계산 속도를 향상시켰으며 계산 과정도 행렬 연산을 기본으로 수행하여 계산 과정을 간단하게 하였다.

깊은 생체 조직에서 전자기 에너지의 일부가 피부로 전달되는데, 이때 생체 내부에서 피부로 전달되는 전자기 에너지의 세기는, 주파수 대역과 전자기파를 흡수, 반사, 투과시키는 인체의 매질에 따라 다르다. Microwave Radiometry는 인체 내부 조직에서 방출되는 1-6 GHz 대역의 전자기 에너지 일부를 피부 표면에서 측정하여 일정한 체적내의 인체 내부 온도 평균온도를 추정하는 방법이다. 이러한 Radiometry로 암이나 종양 등의 이상 조직을 진단하는 의학적 가설은, 암이 진행시 악성 종양의 세포의 신진대사가 정상 세포보다 활발하게 되고 또한 종양 세포 주위로 혈액의 유입이 증가하게되어, 주위의 정상 세포 보다 열을 보다 더 방출하는 데 있다. 이때 발생된 열은 일정한 주파수 대역의 마이크로파 에너지를 방출하게 되고, 이에 Radiometry로 인체에 무해하고(passive), 비침습적(non-invasive), 방사능의 영향이 없는 (non-ionizing) 방법으로 인체 내부에서 전달되는 전자기 에너지 강도를 측정하여 종양 부위와 주위 정상부위의 온도 차이를 추정 의학진단에 응용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 Microwave Radiometry의 의학적 응용과 생리학적 특성을 고려한 인체모델용 팬텀에 대하여 살펴본다.

본 논문에서는 신경회로망을 이용하여 On-Line상에서 EEG(Electroencephalogram) 신호를 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. EEG 신호란 인간의 두뇌활동에서 발생하는 전기적 신호로서 고도의 비선형과 시변 특성을 지니고 있어 정량적인 분석이 어려운 신호로 여겨진다. 이를 분석하기 위해 본 논문에서는 입력 벡터들을 서브클래스로 분류하는 경쟁 레이어와 서브클래스를 모아 정해진 클래스를 선택하는 선형 레이어로 이루어진 LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) 신경망을 구성하고 On-Line 분석결과를 제시한다. 이러한 On-line 분석방법은 EEG 신호를 실시간으로 분석하여 컴퓨터를 인간의 생각만으로 제어될 수 있는 BCI(Brain Computer Interface)의 구현에 사용될 것이다.

The rapid expansion of the medical information super-highway through the internet with the sophistication of computer engineering and its application has made telemedicine in the cyberspace possible. Recent progress in the medical informatics enables us to use the medical information regardless on the time or place limit, to make a diagnostic and therapeutic plan. according to increasing need about health of general population. There are many database oriented sites on the web, which provide medical common senses, hospital information, and medical counselling on the web. But there are few oriental pulse database on the web. The purpose of this study is to develope the Clinical Oriental Pulse Database Management System over the WWW.

In this paper, complex demodulation method to access the dynamic autonomic nervous system characteristic of patients with syncope is proposed. Assessment of heart rate variability using conventional power spectral analysis such as FFT or AR-modeling could not capture a split change occurrence. However, in this paper, these changes are seen and by using Complex Demodulation Method(CDM) autonomic nervous system function assessments of patients with vasovagal syncope were verified and suggested.

A planar MEA(Multi-channel Electrode Array) has been developed for monitoring the electrical activity of electrogenic cells in a cell culture by an extracellular recording. The material, fabrication process, characterization of the array, cleaning effect and impedance according to opening size by impedance measurement are described.