In this research the author implemented numerous investigations employing finite element analysis (FEA) in order to address the impact of the strengthening techniques with various shear reinforcement ratios on the maximum beam's capacity and their maximum deformations. The previous experimental study by the researchers focused on the development self-restoring mode to monitor the initiated cracks and stress. The performance of RC beams has been enhanced by internally injection ducts, beams strengthened by nitinol smart bars, and beams with a combination of both. They have studied using a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) model created by ABAQUS. The FE model incorporates geometric and material nonlinearities in concrete,steel, and Nitinol reinforcement, which is confirmed by comparing beams capacities and failure modes to published literature. The influences of two parameters: (a) strengthening configuration and (b) shear reinforcement ratio are investigated in complete parametric analysis comprising 12 models. Results indicated that The Finite Element model performance is equivalent to the experimental investigation utilized as a reference. The variances in terms of ultimate load capacity did not surpass 5%. when compared to experimental data. The proportion of ACI and FEM ultimate loads varied between 72 and 101 percent. Due to the criteria of safety as prescribed by the ACI to assure conservative design, FEM and the experimental ultimate loads have higher values compared to ACI analytical values.

Dynamic stability management within multifunctional composite systems is vital for the development and structural reliability of engineering applications. The study focuses on Cu-Ni carbon composite structure management with an integrated framework of micromechanical modeling, higher-order shear deformation theory, and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Effective material properties are modeled by modified Halpin-Tsai models, allowing improved management of constituent interactions between Cu-Ni matrix and the carbon reinforcements. The equations of motion are formulated in accordance with Hamilton's principle and Hooke's law, establishing and maintaining a consistent variational formulation with three independent components for displacement. It is recognized that as substructural interactions are more effectively managed, the elastic foundation can consist of Winkler's and Pasternak's coefficients, incorporating both normal and shear-layer contributions. Higher-order shear deformation theory is applied to properly characterize the stress-strain state during representation, eliminating the need for shear correction factors, permitting better predictive management of moderately thick plates.A PINN-based solution procedure is developed in which the governing partial-differential equations, along with the boundary values called upon during learning, are embedded within the learning process. The machine learning framework allows efficient use of resources with the potential for more robust accuracy in predicting stability boundaries, critical buckling loads, and vibration responses. The comparison studies show that the proposed procedure offers advantages over an existing and historical finite element model. The results of the studies also illustrated that PINNs offered more effective predictive management of composite dynamic stability and represented a hybrid of material modeling, structural theory, and machine learning. Hence, this work contributes to the continuing advancements of materials development by providing a promising platform for the next generation of multi-functional composites.

3D printing has revolutionized various industries as well as enriching different important sectors including medicine and dentistry. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the significant techniques for 3D printing which utilizes thermoplastic filament feedstock. Natural fibers have been integrated into composite filament to enhance mechanical and physical defects of the FDM printed materials. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two types of chemical treatments on kenaf fibers reinforcing polyamide composite filament by evaluating their chemical and surface properties. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were the two chemical treatment solutions where kenaf fibers was processed at 6% concentration of each solution. Then, the fibers were compounded with nylon beads to form FDM filaments. Three groups of specimens were printed by FDM printer which were control, NaOH-treated, and NaOCl-treated. The samples were characterized by FTIR and evaluated for their surface hardness and surface roughness. The FTIR results showed that NaOH treatment was not as effective as NaOCl treatment in terms of eliminating lignin and hemicellulose. Surface hardness and surface roughness demonstrated minor improvement for the NaOCl-treated group compared to NaOH-treated group. It is recommended to rely on NaOCl treatment at 6% concentration with treatment time not exceeding 24 hours.

This study investigates the deformations in a two-dimensional transversely isotropic thermoelastic medium with diffusion under the effect of two-temperature in frequency domain. The analysis is carried out using the Green and Naghdi theory of thermoelasticity with and without energy dissipation. Fourier transformation technique is used to solve the problem and then numerical inversion technique is applied to obtain the results in physical domain. Concentrated and uniformly distributed loads are considered to illustrate the model. Graphical representation of variation in the field variables with distance is depicted by taking the effect of two-temperature and frequency.

Polypropylene (PP) composites are widely used in structural applications. However, few studies have explored the combined reinforcement of natural fibers and ceramic particles. This study addresses that gap by investigating the effects of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) fibers and titanium carbide (TiC) particles on the mechanical and physical properties of PP composites. SCB and TiC were pre-milled for 60 minutes and incorporated into the PP matrix using reflux synthesis, followed by hot pressing at 170 ℃. The result shows that the composite containing 5 wt.% TiC and 5 wt.% SCB exhibited optimal performance, with a tensile strength of 25 MPa, flexural strength of 30 MPa, and impact strength of 10 kJ/m² - representing significant improvements over neat PP. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity with the addition of TiC, while SEM images showed a ductile fracture morphology and uniform TiC dispersion. These findings demonstrate that dual reinforcement with SCB and TiC effectively enhances the structural performance of PP, offering a sustainable and high-performance composite material.