• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1998

The effects of B2O3 addition on the sintering behavior and th microwave dielectric properties of $(Mg_{0.93}Ca_{0.07})TiO_3$ ceramics were investigated. By addition of $B_2O_3$, increases the density of the ceramics increases and grain growth enhances, It was densified to over 94% of $(Mg_{0.93}Ca_{0.07})TiO_3$ theoretical density by the addition of 0.15-1.0wt% B2O3 and stable microwave dielectric properties observed by the addition of 0.2-0.4wt% $B_2O_3.\;(Mg_{0.93}Ca_{0.07})TiO_3$ ceramics sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ exhibits maximum dielectric constants of 24-25 quality factor($Q{\times}f$) of more than 70000 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of $0\;ppm/^{\circ}C$ by adding of 0.15-0.4wt% $B_2O_3$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2007

The effects of pectinase treatment and other processing conditions on juice yield from Rubus coreanus, and physicochemical changes during alcohol fermentation, were investigated. The yield from R. coreanus increased by 8.60% with Pectinex 100L treatment (500 ppm, 30 min) compared to a control group. The soluble solid content in the group fermented at $24^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of sucrose (24B-group), and the group fermented at $8^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of 16% sucrose after 4 days of fermentation (8B-group) decreased to $8.2{\sim}8.3$ and $7.7{\sim}8.0%$ after 10 days of fermentation, respectively, and no significant differences were observed with Pectinex 100L treatment. Initial titratable acidity in the enzyme treatment was slightly higher ($1.18{\sim}1.22%$) than for the control group (1.02%). The initial $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of R. coreanus juice decreased with enzyme treatment, and the $a^*$ value increased, but the color difference (${\Delta}E$) between the control and enzyme treatment gradually decreased with fermentation time. The ethanol contents in the 24B-group and the 8B-group were $16.01{\sim}16.22%$ and $13.29{\sim}13.52%$, respectively, after 10 days of fermentation. The methanol contents in the enzyme treatment and the control were $0.359{\sim}0.404$ and $0.520{\sim}0.604$ mg/mL, respectively, and within standard regulations (1 mg/mL).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

This study examined the quality characteristics of soybean curd prepared with the addition of yellow paprika juice. The yield rate, pH, and ${\Delta}E$, L, a, and b values of the yellow paprika juice were 80.56$\pm$0.07%, 5.41$\pm$0.06, 25.34$\pm$0.14, 24.83$\pm$0.13, -0.61$\pm$0.24, and 26.28$\pm$0.27, respectively, and its moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, vitamin A, and vitamin C contents were 93.08 g, 0.40 g, 4.95 g, 0.85 g, 0.02 g, 25.26 IU, and 115.08 mg, respectively. The yield rate of the soybean curd did not differ significantly according to the level of added yellow paprika juice, however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The ${\Delta}E$ and b values of the soybean curd increased as the amount of yellow paprika juice in the formulation increased, whereas the L and a values decreased. Furthermore, hardness significantly increased as the level of yellow paprika juice increased. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred soybean curd samples were the control and that containing 10% yellow paprika juice.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.388-396
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• 2002

Quality characteristics of Yukwa, Korean traditional rice cookie, added with citrus peel (2, 4 and 6%) were investigated. Yukwa was prepared by adding the water homogenate of the peel and the quality characteristics were evaluated by the expansion rate, texture, color, sensory quality and content of total carotenoid, hesperidine and naringin. The expansion rate (1,517~855%) of Yukwa with higher concentrations of citrus peel powder was lower than that of control product (1,740%) and the brittleness followed the same trend. However, the values were in the range of those of the traditional Korean Yukwa. The color of the control Yukwa (L* value: 63.3~49.9, a* value: 10.6~17.8, b* value: 12.6~56.4) was white, but with citrus peel (2~6%) light yellow~yellow (L* value. 63.3~49.9. a* value: 10.6~17.8, b* values: 12.6~56.4). Carotenoid, hesperidin and naringin contents of Yukwa with the addition of peel powder were 0.18~0.51 mg%, 36.55~101.60 mg% and 24.65~70.81 mg%, respectively. The color and the overall acceptability of yukwa with 4% of citrus peel powder were the best. This combination had some orange flavor, but no differences in both sweet and sour taste.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2000

The green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), was reared on artificial diets supplementedwith natural products such as lyophilized beef liver, silk worm pupae powder and drone honey beepowder. The performance of the green lacewing was improved siginificantly on only the diet to whichadded 1 % of silk worm pupae powder (wt/v). Larval developement was completed in 15.6 f 0.99 days,cocoon weight was 16.4f2.94 mg, and suvival to adult was 89.3% at 27$^{\circ}$C. And another diet made bymixing 4 part of lyophilized beef liver powder, 4 part of lyophilized beef powder, 3 part of lyophilizedchicken egg, 4 part of sucrose, and 50 mg each of vitamin C and Vanderzant's vitamin B mixture waspromising. Larval development of the green lacewing on this diet was completed in 12.7 f 1.45 days at27"C, pupal weight was 18.1 f 2.24mg, suvival to adult was loo%, and 633f70.4 eggs were laid in 20days after beginning of oviposition.ginning of oviposition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Hyunggaeyungyo-tang(HYT) on RAW 264.7 cells. Material and Methods : Two types of experiments were implemented for this study: first, the experiment to study the anti-oxidant effect of HYT using riboflavin; second, in vitro experiment to investigate the suppression of NF-${\kappa}$B activation using RAW 264.7 cells (I${\kappa}$B kinase and induce nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression) Results : 1. The anti-oxidant effects of HYT was dose-dependantly increased. 2. The RAW 264.7cells were treated with LPS for 1 hours prior to the addition of indicated concentrations(0.4,-1.0mg/$m\ell$) of HYT, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The LPS-induced IKK & iNOS mRNA expression were dose-dependantly decreased in HYT treated RAW 264.7cells. Conclusion : The results suggest that HYT is significantly effective in the treatment of inflammation through the suppression of NF-${\kappa}$B activation and iNOS production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2013

The desulfurization ability of Sphingomonas subarctica T7b was evaluated using resting and immobilized cells with dibenzothiophene (DBT), alkyl DBTs, and commercial light gas oil (LGO) as the substrates. The resting cells of S. subarctica T7b degraded 239.2 mg of the initial 250 mg of DBT/l (1.36 mM) within 24 h at $27^{\circ}C$, while 127.5 mg of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP)/l (0.75 mM) was formed, representing a 55% conversion of the DBT. The DBT desulfurization activity was significantly affected by the aqueous-to-oil phase ratio. In addition, the resting cells of S. subarctica T7b were able to desulfurize alkyl DBTs with long alkyl chains, although the desulfurization rate decreased with an increase in the total carbon number of the alkylated DBTs. LGO with a total sulfur content of 280 mg/l was desulfurized to 152 mg/l after 24 h of reaction. Cells immobilized by entrapment with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) exhibited a high DBT desulfurization activity, including repeated use for more than 8 batch cycles without loss of biodesulfurization activity. The stability of the immobilized cells was better than that of the resting cells at different initial pHs, higher temperatures, and for DBT biodesulfurization in successive degradation cycles. The immobilized cells were also easily separated from the oil and water phases, giving this method great potential for oil biodesulfurization.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.756-760
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• 2007

The $(1-x)Mg_4Ta_2O_9-xwt%TiO_2\;(x=5\sim20)$ microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method and sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$. According to the X-ray diffraction data, the $Mg_4Ta_2O_9-xwt%TiO_2$ ceramics had main phase of $Mg_4Ta_2O_9$ and $MgTi_2O_5$ peaks were added by increasing of $TiO_2$ addition. Microwave dielectric properties of the $Mg_4Ta_2O_9-xwt%TiO_2$ ceramics were influenced by $MgTi_2O_5$ phase and properties of $TiO_2$. There was a little decrement of the quality factor from 116,800GHz of pure $Mg_4Ta_2O_9$ to 100,100GHz of 15wt% $TiO_2$ added one. But there was excellent improvement in temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (TCRF) by addition of 15wt% $TiO_2$. The dielectric constant quality factor and TCRF of the $Mg_4Ta_2O_9-xwt%TiO_2$ ceramics sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ were $13.08\sim16.41,\;45,000\sim165,410GHz,\;-24.82\sim+3.88ppm/^{\circ}C$, respectively, depending on the value of x. Simulated dielectric resonator (DR) with $Mg_4Ta_2O_9-15wt%TiO_2$ ceramics had the operating frequency of 11.97GHz and $S_{2,1}$ of -35.034dB.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects an herbal extract composition(MHE) containing $Hovenia$ $dulcis$ T., $Artemisa$ $capillaris$ T., $Pueraria$ $thunbergiana$ B., $Polygonatum$ $falcatum$ A., $Agastache$ $rugosa$ O., $Silybum$ $marianum$ L. and $Glycyrrhiza$ $uralensis$ F. in alcohol administered mice. Prophylactic administration of different doses of MHE(20~100 mg/kg) had beneficial actions toward alcohol degradation in acute alcohol treated mice. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of the MHE showed anti-inflammatory effects in inhibition tests of vascular permeability produced by acetic acid. MHE also reduced the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ in macrophages that were activated by LPS. These results demonstrate that MHE possesses the potential to stimulate alcohol degradation and inhibit inflammatory effects in mice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2011

Objective : Atractyloides Chinensis Rhizome (ACR) is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for an inflammation and an allergic disease. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how ACR affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of ACR on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : The amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of ACR was measured. The TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels were analysised by Western blots. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. NF-${\kappa}$B, phospho-I${\kappa}$B and MAPKs were examined by Western blot analysis. The NF-${\kappa}$B promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Results : 1. The expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 2. The expressions of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 3. The expressions of IL-8 and IL-8 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$ specially. 4. The expressions of Phosphorylated-JNK were decreased, not p38, ERK 5. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}$B were decreased dose-dependently at 0.1-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR. The expressions of Phosphorylated I${\kappa}$B were significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. In addition, ACR suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced NF-${\kappa}$B promoting activity. Conclusion : It is suggested that ACR should suppress through inhibition of NF-${\kappa}$B activity and cytokine production.