• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.720-729
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated the preemptive analgesic effects of Morphine and Ketorolac on postoperative pain, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation and heart rate for the first 24 hr after abdominal surgery. Methods: Data collection was performed from April 1 to September 30, 2006. Forty patients undergoing a gastrectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac approximately 1 hr prior to skin incision, but the control group (20 patients) was administered Morphine and Ketorolac at peritoneum closure through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Postoperative pain, blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol, $O_2$ saturation, frequency of the PCA button pressed and doses of additional analgesics were observed through post operative 24 hr. Collected data was analyzed using t-test, $X^2$ test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: Postoperative pain, cortisol, the frequency of PCA button pressed, and dose of additional analgesics of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. There were no statistical differences in blood pressure, heart rate and $O_2$ saturation between the experimental group and control group. Conclusions: We concluded that administration of morphine and ketorolac at 1 hr prior to skin incision resulted in decreasing postoperative pain, but it didn't affect blood pressure, heart rate or $O_2$ saturation for 24 hr after abdominal surgery.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 2023

Experiments were performed to investigate hypoxia tolerance with body size of red seabream (Pagrus major) at 24℃. The rate of oxygen consumption was measured at an interval of 10 min using automated intermittent-flow respirometry. The weight-specific standard metabolic rate (SMR, mg O₂ kg^-1hr^-1) and critical oxygen saturation (S_crit, % air saturation) of the fish were measured under normoxic condition and progressive hypoxia with 0.6-786 g of fish weight (W), respectively. SMR typically decreased with increasing body weight based on SMR=351.59·W^-0.195 (r²=0.934). S_crit was higher in larger fish than those of smaller fish in the range of 17.3-24.4%. The result of this study suggests that the smaller seabream can withstand in hypoxic waters better than the larger ones.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2009

Z-type barium ferrite [($Ba_{3}Co_{0.8}Zn_{1.2}Fe_{24}O_{41}$, $Ba_{3+{\delta}}Co_{0.8}Zn_{1.2}Fe_{24}O_{41}$ ${\delta}$ = 3, 5, 7, 13 wt%. $Ba_{3}Co_{0.8}Zn_{1.2}Fe_{24+{\delta}}O_{41}$ ${\delta}$ = 5, 7, 10 wt% )] were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The microstructure and magnetic properties of synthesized particles were investigated. In all prepared particles M-type Ba ferrite is identified with Z-type Ba ferrite together. It is found that particles having 7 wt% for Ba and 5 wt% for Fe excess addition revealed high saturation magnetization, respectively. All synthesized particles showed relatively high coercivity for device application. This result may be attributed to the contribution of M-type Ba ferrite. Ba and Fe excess addition was not affected to the structural change of CoZnZ Ba ferrite. The certain amount of excess additions of Ba and Fe and the 2 step heat-treatment may be beneficial to the improvement of soft magnetic properties of Z-type barium hexa-ferrite

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.257-260
• /
• 2010

Zinc oxide (ZnO) bottom-contact thin-film transistors (TFTs) were prepared by the use of injector type atomic layer deposition. Two hybrid gate oxide systems of different polarity polymers with silicon oxide were examined with the aim of improving the properties of the transistors. The mobility and threshold voltage of a ZnO TFT with a poly(4-dimethylsilyl styrene) (Si-PS)/silicon oxide hybrid gate dielectric had values of 0.41 $cm^2/Vs$ and 24.4 V, and for polyimide/silicon oxide these values were 0.41 $cm^2/Vs$ and 24.4 V, respectively. The good hysteresis property was obtained with the dielectric of hydrophobicity. The solid output saturation behavior of ZnO TFTs was demonstrated with a $10^6$ on-off ratio.

• Metals and materials international
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1386-1393
• /
• 2018

The solubility of $TiO_2$ in $NaF-CaF_2-BaF_2$ ternary eutectic melts was investigated at the temperature range of $1025-1150^{\circ}C$. The least-squares equation was obtained from the relationship between the reciprocal temperature and the natural logarithm of the titanium concentration in the melts saturated with $TiO_2$. The corresponding partial molar enthalpy of dissolution of $TiO_2$ was found to be 188 kJ/mol. The titanium saturation concentration was 3.73 wt% at $1100^{\circ}C$. From the titanium concentration change with the added amount of $TiO_2$ at different holding time after a final stirring, it was found that not only complete dissolution of $TiO_2$ but also enough sedimentation of excessive $TiO_2$ should be guaranteed to obtain more reliable solubility data. The holding time of 10 h was found to be enough for the excessive $TiO_2$ particles to settle down in our experimental conditions. It is noteworthy that in case of adding $TiO_2$ in excess of its solubility, the $Ba_{1.12}(Ti_8O_{16})$ phase was observed at the lower and bottom of the solidified salt ingots.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.28 no.A
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2008

Structural and magnetic properties of $CO_{1-x}Zn_xZ$ ($Ba_3Co_{1-x}Zn_xFe_{24}O_{41}$) hexa-ferrite are studied using XRD, VSM and SEM, respectively. Powder was prepared from co-precipitation and firstly heat treated at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours in $O_2$ atmosphere. Second heat treatment was performed at 900, 1000, $1100^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours in air, respectively. Saturation magnetization value of first heat treated powder is acceptable and coercivity is high for applying to device. These result may be originated from incomplete formation reaction from M and Y phases to Z phase. Second heat treatment leads to small value of coercivity.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 1999

$Y_{2.5}La_{0.5}Fe_5O_{12}$ is fabricated by a sol-gel method and the magnetic properties of single phase garnet are investigated by using X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy and M$\"{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. The single phase powders garnet was fired at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. The crystal structures of samples are cubic garnet. Mossbauer spectroscopy were measured from 13 K to 750 K. M$\"{o}$ssbauer spectra show that the iron exist ferric trivalence in sample. The spin wave constants were determined $B_{3/2}=0.32{\pm}0.05,\; C_{5/2}=0.18{\pm}0.05$ and Debye temperature were determined 382 K at 24(d) site and 246 K at 16(a)-site. The saturation magnetization $M_s$ of powder is 25 emu/g. 25 emu/g.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.423-428
• /
• 2014

We synthesized Fe-doped $TiO_2/{\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ core-shell nanowires(NWs) by means of a co-electrospinning method and demonstrated their magnetic properties. To investigate the structural, morphological, chemical, and magnetic properties of the samples, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used, as was a vibrating sample magnetometer. The morphology of the nanostructures obtained after calcination at $500^{\circ}C$ exhibited core/shell NWs consisting of $TiO_2$ in the core region and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ in the shell region. In addition, the XPS results confirmed the formation of Fe-doped $TiO_2$ by the doping effect of $Fe^{3+}$ ions into the $TiO_2$ lattice, which can affect the ferromagnetic properties in the core region. For comparison, pure ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ NWs were also fabricated using an electrospinning method. With regard to the magnetic properties, the Fe-doped $TiO_2/{\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ core-shell NWs exhibited improved saturation magnetization(Ms) of approximately ~2.96 emu/g, which is approximately 6.1 times larger than that of pure ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ NWs. The performance enhancement can be explained by three main mechanisms: the doping effect of Fe ions into the $TiO_2$ lattice, the size effect of the $Fe_2O3_$ nanoparticles, and the structural effect of the core-shell nanostructures.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.43 no.3 s.286
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2006

Co-Fe-Al-O nanogranular thin films were fabricated by RF-magnetron sputtering under an $Ar+O_2$ atmosphere. High resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Co-Fe-Al-O films are composed of bcc (Co, Fe) nanograins finer than 5 nm and an Al-O amorphous phase. A very large electrical resistivity of $374{\mu}{\Omega}cm$ was obtained, together with a large uniaxial anisotropy field of 50 Oe, a hard axis coercivity of 1.25 Oe, and a saturation magnetization of 12.9 kG. The actual part of the relative permeability was measured to be 260 at low frequencies and this value was maintained up to 1.3 GHz. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency was 2.24 GHz. The resulting Co-Fe-Al-O nanogranular thin films with a high electrical resistivity and high resonance frequency are considered to be suitable for GHz magnetic device applications.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2005

The influence of $O_2$ partial pressure on saturation mgnetization, coercivity, anisotropy field and effective permeability (over 1GHz) of as-deposited Co-Fe-Al-O thin films, which were fabricated by RF magnetron reactive sputtering method, were investigated. The $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film fabricated at $O_2$ partial pressure of 4% exhibits the best magnetic softness with saturation magnetization 4${$pi}$Ms of 18.1 kG, coercivity of 0.82 Oe, anisotropy field ($H_k$) of Oe, and effective permeability (${\mu}_{eff}$) about 1,024 above 1 GHz. the electrical resistivity of Co-Fe-Al-O thin films were increased with increasing $O_2$ partial pressure, the electrical resistivity of $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film with the best soft magnetic properties was 560.7 ${\mu}{\Omega}$am. Therefore, It is assumed that the good soft magnetic properties of $Co_{69.9}Fe_{20.5}A_{14.4O_{5.2}$ thin film results from high electrical resistivity and large anisotropy field.