• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, vitamin D insufficiency has increased and has been correlated to growth and puberty in children. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D insufficiency and its influence on school-aged children in Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 397 children aged 7 to 15 years who had been tested for 25-OH vitamin D3 among the outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics in Eulji General Hospital from March 2007 to February 2011. Data for age, sex, comorbidities, serum 25-OH vitamin D3, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and sunlight exposure time were collected before and after 3 months of vitamin D administration, retrospectively. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 343 (86%) of the subjects. In the vitamin D insufficient group, chronological age was $8.96{\pm}1.72$ years, mean height (z-score [z]) was $0.51{\pm}1.26$, mean BMI (z) was $0.81{\pm}2.20$, and bone age was $10.26{\pm}1.75$ years. In the vitamin D sufficient group, chronological age was $9.61{\pm}1.77$ years, mean height (z) was -$0.66{\pm}0.98$, mean BMI (z) was -$0.01{\pm}1.16$, and bone age was $9.44{\pm}2.12$ years. A paired t-test showed that three months after vitamin D administration, the mean 25-OH vitamin D3 level in the insufficient group increased to $24.38{\pm}10.03$ ng/mL and mean BMI (z) decreased to $0.67{\pm}1.06$. Conclusion: In Korean school-aged children, vitamin D insufficiency were relatively higher and may be closely related with higher BMI. Insufficient rise of the level of vitamin D after supplementation suggest the new supplementation guidelines, especially for Korean children.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.373-384
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare with in fatty acid intakes between hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group, aged between 30 to 65 years old in women. The subjects were classified as hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance the chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a P value <0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age, BMI and percentage of postmenopausal women in hypercholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those of normocholesterolemia group. Percent of total energy from fat in hypercholesterolemia group tended to be higher than that in normocholesterolemia group. C16:0(Palmitic acid) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) intake of hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of normocholesterolemia group. Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight and consume foods containing low SFA and cholesterol.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2002

Background: There are few studies that have reported on the pharmacokinetic(PK) disposition of fluoroquinolones in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-Tb), even though fluoroquinolones are frequently co-prescribed to those patients. In this study, the PK disposition of ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, was evaluated in patients with MD R -Tb. Methods: Twenty patients with MDR-Tb were given 2nd line Tb drugs including ofloxacin (300mg twice a day), prothionamide, cycloserine, para-aminosalicylic acid, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The patients were grouped according to their body mass index(BMI) as an index of emaciation (group A : 18.5$\leq$BMI <23, group B : BMI < 18.5). Blood samples were serially drawn and urine samples were collected upto 24 hours after the last dose of those drugs at steady state (over 1 month). The ofloxacin concentrations were determined using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Results: The AUC of ofloxacin in group B was greater than that in group A ($31.4{\pm}8.9{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}h$ vs. $24.1{\pm}6.2{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}h$)(Check the symbols), (p<0.05). The total clearance(Cl/F) of ofloxacin was $0.16{\pm}0.03$ L/h/kg in group A, and $0.14{\pm}0.03$ L/h/kg in group B. The half-lives of ofloxacin in two groups were similar (group A : $5.3{\pm}0.8$ hours, group B : $5.7{\pm}0.9$ hours). In addition, the other PK parameters in two groups were also similar. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients with MDR-Tb appears to be comparable with those of normal subjects, and the extent of emaciation appears to have an influence on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxaicn in chronic debilitated MDR-Tb patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.534-540
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• 2006

Recent studies have shown that environmental, biochemical, nutritional or genetic factors affect bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gentotype and nutritional status on BMD of elderly women living in a rural area. Three hundred thirty five elderly women over 65 years in Asan participated the study. Data for demographic and nutrient intakes were obtained by survey with a two day 24 hr recall method. BMD was measured by broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). VDR genotypes of the subjects analyzed with Bsm I restriction enzyme were bb (92%), Bb (7%) and BB (1%). No differences were found between genotypes bb and Bb/BB in age, menopausal age, body mass index and body fat. BUA of bb genotype was higher (62.5 $\pm$ 15.6 dB/MHz) than Bb/BB genotype (56.1 $\pm$ 17.6 dB/MHz) by Student's t-tests. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlation of BMD and age, but positive correlation with BMI, energy and calcium intake. When subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification by the median calcium intake level (412.9 mg/d), the above median calcium intake group showed significant difference in BUA by VDR genotype while the lower median calcium intake group did not show significant difference. The current study confirmed interaction of calcium intake and VDR genotype in association with BMD. Further nutritional intervention will be needed to improve calcium status of the elderly women living in rural areas.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate correlations between serum anti-M${\ddot{u}}$llerian hormone (AMH) levels, phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and metabolic parameters in patients with PCOS. Methods: A total of 175 patients with PCOS were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus were included. Exclusion criteria were age over 40, FSH>25 mIU/mL, and 17a-OHP>1.5 ng/mL. The Phenotypes of PCOS were divided into a severe form (oligo-anovulation, ANOV/hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovary morphology [PCOM]; n=59) and a mild form without HA (ANOV/PCOM, n=105). The serum AMH levels were classified into 3 groups (<5 vs. 5-10 vs. >10 ng/mL). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ (n=34). Results: The mean age was $25.9{\pm}5.7$ year and mean AMH level was $10.1{\pm}5.4$ ng/mL. The BMI ($kg/m^2$) was higher in group 1 ($24.2{\pm}6.3$) than in group 2 ($21.9{\pm}4.3$, p=0.046) or group 3 ($21.6{\pm}3.3$, p=0.019). There was no difference among the three groups in age, menstrual interval, antral follicle counts, androgens, or other metabolic parameters. The obesity group showed significantly lower AMH ($7.7{\pm}3.9$ ng/mL vs. $10.7{\pm}5.6$ ng/mL), p=0.004) and low-density lipoprotein levels ($93.1{\pm}21.2$ mg/dL vs. $107.5{\pm}39.3$ mg/dL, p=0.031), and showed higher total T ($0.74{\pm}0.59$ L vs. $0.47{\pm}0.36$ ng/mL, p=0.001), free T ($2.01{\pm}1.9$ vs. $1.04{\pm}0.8$ pg/mL, p=0.0001), and free androgen index ($6.2{\pm}7.9$ vs. $3.5{\pm}3.0$, p=0.003). After controlling for age factors and BMI, the serum AMH levles did not show any significant correlations with other hormonal or metabolic parmeters. Conclusion: For PCOS patients under the age 40, serum AMH is not negatively correlated with age. High serum AMH levels can not predict the phenotype of PCOS and metabolic disturbances in PCOS patients in the non-obese group. Further study might be needed to define the relation more clearly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.736-742
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• 2003

Soybeans have been a major protein source for many centuries in Korea. Soybeans contain phytochemicals which are isoflavones, biochemically active component. Isoflavone is a kind of phytoestrogen, structurally and functionally similar to estrogen. It has been reported that the breast milk and blood of breast feeding mothers who consume soy products contain isoflavones. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soy milk supplement on the isoflavones (daidzein, genistein) concentration of breast milk, plasma and urine from breast feeding woman. Seventeen healthy women who delivered at Kyung Hee Medical Center were recruited. For the first 2 weeks after delivery, seventeen women ingested 400 ml (isoflavone 43.2 mg) of soy milk on the given time starting from the day of giving birth. For the next 2 weeks, soy milk ingestion was withdrawn. Dietary intake and anthropometric data were checked and breast milk, blood, and 24 hr urine samples were collected on the day of giving birth, the 14th (the last day of the supplement phase) and 28th (the last day of the withdrawal phase) day, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to measure the concentration of isoflavones. Dietary intakes of the subjects were inadequate for the Korean RDA regardless of soy milk supplementation. Especially, intakes of vit A, calcium, and iron were very low. The Anthropometric data such as LBM, TBW, PIBW, BMI checked on the day of 14th decreased and maintained their levels by the 28th day. Daidzein concentration in breast milk was not affected by soy milk supplementation. However, genistein concentration decreased by the 28th day (14th day: 0.89 $\pm$ 0.10 $\mu$g/ml, 28th day : 0.48 $\pm$ 0.07 $\mu$g/ml) (p < 0.05). Plasma daidzein and genistein concentrations were not changed by the 14th day and decreased by the 28th day (14th day: 49.64 $\pm$ 3.30 ng/ml, 26.72 $\pm$ 2.90 ng/ml, 28th day: 38.30 $\pm$ 4.40 ng/ml, 6.51 $\pm$ 0.50 ng/ml, respectively) (p < 0.05). Twenty four hour urine concentrations of daidzein and genistein significantly increased by the 14th day and decreased by the 28th day (14th day: 5.80 :t 0.3 mg/d, 4.17 $\pm$ 0.2 mg/d, 28th day: 6.72 $\pm$ 0.4 mg/d, 5.09 $\pm$ 0.5 mg/d, respectively) (p < 0.001). The rate of urinary recovery of daidzein was greater than that of genistein. The results of this study indicate that the supplement of dietary soy milk to the lactating women elevates the contents of isoflavone in the breast milk.