• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.323-334
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to analyze for pesticide residues in 17 different types of the special of geographical indication. We purchased 3 cereal grains, nuts and seeds, 3 fruits, 8 vegetables, mushrooms and other plants (Korean medicines) mainly at the agricultural cooperative's joints markets. Total 209 pesticides including multi-analysed pesticides (204) and single-analysed pesticides (5 ; acephate, methamidophos, monocrotophos, omethoate, vamidothion) were analysed with a GC/MS/MS, an HPLC/UVD (PDA) and a GC/FPD. No. 83 method and single-analysed method (Screening of multi-pesticide residue in the special products of geographical indication) of Korea Food Code was selected for validation in recovery and interferences of matrice. The results were as follows: among the selected 17 the special products, the residual pesticides were detected in 8 types of the special products (40 in 302 samples, detection ratio; 13.2%). All of the samples were not detected over MRLs, but tebuconazole, procymidone and isoprothioran were detected with considerable high frequency. These results could be used as KFDA official methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in foods and reference data will be provided to the related institutions.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.87-92
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• 1981

농약을 보다 안전하게 사용하여 농약으로 인한 부작용을 미연에 막는일은 앞으로 농약사용에 있어 중요한 일이며 사용과정에서 잔류량이 허용치를 넘지 않도록 지키는 것 또한 중요하다. 농약의 잔류량은 농약의 종류와 제제형태, 사용시기, 살포농도, 살포회수, 종류와 품종, 재배방법 또는 살포한 후 수확이나 식용할때까지의 기간등에 따라 달라지며 사용방법등에 따라 크게 좌우된다. 농약의 약효를 의심하기전에, 농약을 범인시하여 불신하기전에 이 기준을 제대로 지켜 합리적으로 사용하는 지혜가 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

In order to monitor the residual pesticides in environment friendly agricultural commodities, fruits and fruiting vegetables. Twenty-five agricultural commodities were collected twice in May and August 2011 from nine environment friendly agricultural commodities-selling supermarkets and retail stores located in eight major cities in Korea. The number of each agricultural commodity collected, 555 samples in total, was 152 organic agricultural products, 202 pesticide-free agricultural products and 201 low-pesticide agricultural products. Pesticide residues in samples were analyzed by multiresidue method for 245 pesticides using a GC-ECD/NPD and an HPLC-DAD/FLD and the peaks suspected as pesticides were identified with a GC/MSD. As a result of pesticide residue analysis, three pesticides, bifenthrin, EPN and chlorpyrifos, were detected from four samples including apple, representing a detection rate of 0.72%. The residue levels of the four pesticide-detected samples were less than their maximum residue limits (MRLs) but one pesticide EPN detected from pear exceeded its legible criterion of one twentieth MRL. Estimated daily intakes of the pesticides detected from fruits and fruiting vegetables were less than 0.76% of their maximum permissible intake.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of treating green tea leaves with ozonated water by evaluating pesticide residue levels and catechin content. The pesticide residue levels of tea leaves treated with carbendazim, captain, diazinon, fenthim, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos ranged from 43.2 to 48.2 ppm. For leaves treated by soaking or watering with tap water, or with 0.25 ppm of ozone water for 30 min. Pesticide residue levels were reduced by 24.0-30.2%, 30.3-33.6%, 52.4-70.5%, and 65.5-80.2%, respectively. No major differences in catechin content were observed in the leaves according to the soaking and rinsing treatments using ozonated or tap water.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-210
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• 2023

To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1515-1522
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• 2008

Monitoring the pesticide residues in agricultural products is essential to protect consumers, obtain data for risk assessment, and ensure fair trade practices. We developed a multi-residue method for the analysis of 37 pesticides with different physico-chemical properties in agricultural products and analyzed the amount of pesticide residues on about 1,000 samples circulated in South Korea. The samples consisted of 26 different types of agricultural products selected at markets in 14 major cities; cereals (2 species), nuts (1 species) potatoes (1 species), beans (2 species), fruits (3 species), vegetables (16 species), and mushrooms (1 species). In this study, residual pesticides were detected in 23 samples (2.2%) and one sample was detected to be over maximum residue limits (MRLs, 0.1%) for pesticides in foods by the Korea food code. In leafy vegetables such as pepper leaves, radish leaves, cham-na-mul, shin-sun-cho, crown daisy, chwi-na-mul and citrus fruits such as kumquat, 8 kinds of pesticides were detected. Specially, diazinon were detected over MRLs and also, endosulfan, ethoprophos and phenthoate were detected frequently. Based on these results, we investigated the risk assesment from amount of residual pesticide, total %ADI was 1.262%, but the value has not effected on human health.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.48-55
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• 2000

This study examined how does farm producers and urban consumers recognize the toxicity of pesticides application to agricultural production. The survey was carried out with quesuonnaires, and found tile fellowing results. The 60% of the total respondents in urban residents acknowledged that it is necessary for farming to apply pesticides. Nevertheless, they think that pesticides application have excessively been done more than necessary, and they would cause the problem of agrochemical-residual in agricultural products. They preferred to the crops produced by organic-farming. But they do not believe that the organic crops are pure one that pesticides are not applied at all. They thought that pesticides remained in the crops and they cause a chronic toxicity and cancer, though their degree of causing cancer would not be high. The other hand, farmers among the total respondents expressed that pesticides are absolutely needed to farming. However, about half of the total farmers' respondents did not follow the recommended guide line for proper use of pesticides and applied its double amount of the recommended dose. The most of farmers thought that the applied pesticides would be persisted into the crops. The 69 % of the total respondents did not know that crops over MRL(Maximum Residue Limit) of pesticides must be discarded and tile farmer who distributed the crops over MRL of pesticides have to pay some kind of penalty.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.492-497
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• 2005

In establishing legal limits of pesticide residues, various default values are employed to compensate for unavoidable variability in data. Because permissible errors in residue analysis reach ${\pm}30-40%$ RSD, maximum residue limits (MRLs) follow geometric progression. According to 5-yr period JMPR reports, variability factor (ratio of highest to median values) in field residue trials was 3.8-fold in 486 crop-pesticide combinations and round-up effort from highest residue to MRL was 1.5-fold, whereas regulatory margin (ratio of MRL to highest residue) used in Korea was 4.8-fold in 822 crop-pesticide combinations; Korean MRLs will be set at higher levels as compared with Codex limits if these margins are employed. Validation studies to compare and harmonize Korean and Codex MRLs of pesticide residues on food crops should be undertaken.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1987

1. In the vegetable crops, only MEP and Malathion showed a litte higher positive rate than other pesticides in general. On the other hand, parathion and captan were not detectable at all. 2. In the fruits, pesticides, MEP, PAP and Parathion had a little high positive rate, and Diazinon, and captan were not detectable at all. 3. However, the detected values of the pesticides in the vegetables and fruits were far below from korean tolerances and internationally recommended limits and tolerances, showing only $\frac{1}{3}{\sim}\frac{1}{66}$ and $\frac{1}{8}{\sim}\frac{1}{500}$ of Korean tolerance in vegetables and fruits, respectively.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.25 no.2 s.195
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• pp.22-23
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• 2004