• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 1988

농약을 매년 사용하게 되면 토양 중의 농약잔류량은 계속 증가할 것으로 생각되기 쉬우나, 실제로 토양중 농약잔류량은 지수 함수적으로 감소하기 때문에 매년 계속해서 사용하더라도 몇 년 후에는 평형상태에 도달하여 그 이상은 증가하지 않기 때문이다.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.4-4
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• 1981

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.25 no.3 s.196
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• pp.22-23
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• 2004

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey the residual characteristic of chlorpyrifos and estimate their residues in squash before harvest. The pesticide was sprayed onto the crop at the recommended and its double rates 10 days before the prearranged harvest and sampling was done at 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 10 days after spraying. The amounts of the chlorpyrifos residue in the crop was analyzed by chromatographic method. Limit of detection (LOD) of chlorpyrifos was 0.005 mg/kg and its recovery ranged from 95.21 to 102.69%. The initial concentration of chlorpyrifos sprayed with recommended dose exceeded its MRL of 0.1 mg/kg but its concentration was less than its MRL 10 days after application. However its concentration in case of the double dose was over its MRL both immediately and 10 days after application. Biological half-lives of chlorpyrifos sprayed onto squash was 2.5 and 2.9 days at the recommended and double doses, respectively. Ten days later, the residual concentration of chlorpyrifos in squash was decreased substantially. The concentration of chlorpyrifos was estimated in squash at the given day using its regression equations. The estimated concentration of chlorpyrifos in case of application with recommended dose was below its MRL at 10 days after application but its concentration in case of application with double dose was over its MRL at 10 days of the prearranged harvest. The rate of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of chlorpyrifos to its acceptable daily intake (ADI) was 282% right after application but it decreased to less than 18% at 10 days of the prearranged harvest.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 1998

Soil residues of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-dipyridinium dichloride) were determined in apple, pear, grape, and peach orchards for which 15 sites each were selected randomly from the corresponding large-scale production area throughout the country. Strong adsorption capacity measured using wheat bioassay (paraquat concentration required to reduce 50% root growth of wheat, SAC-WB) was also investigated on the orchard soils and the paraquat residue level was calculated against total SAC-WB values (SAC-WB value + paraquat residue). Average bound residue of paraquat on the 60 sites was 6.9 ppm, while paraquat residue in apple orchard reached 20.2 ppm which was the highest among the orchards and was almost double as compared with those in the other three orchards. Loosely bound residue of paraquat determined on the bound residue high top five soils occurred less than 0.5 ppm detection limit. Average SAC-WB value was 276.1 ppm and there were no any correlations between the SAC-WB value and clay content, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity of the orchard soils. Paraquat residue level of the orchard soils against total SAC-WB recorded 2.43%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

Flonicamid was a water-soluble and systemic insecticide. It was applied to control neonicotinod pesticide-resistant cotton aphid in sweet peppers. However, the residue levels of total flonicamid in sweet pepper exported to Japan in 2009 were exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). This study was conducted to elucidate residual properties of flonicamid parent compound and its metabolites in sweet peppers. It was carried out to compare the variation of residues in sweet pepper in three different greenhouses for 21 days after 3 times application with 7 days interval. The mean residues were 0.176, 0.152 and 0.108 mg $kg^{-1}$ and the residue levels in sweet pepper among three greenhouses show significant difference. The maximum residue levels were detected 10 days later after last treatments. The overall residue levels were lower than MRL 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Korea) and 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Japan in 2009 but now revised MRL is 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$). But the residue level of total flonicamid at the 21th day after 3 times treatment with 7 days interval was 0.429 mg $kg^{-1}$ restricted by the application of double rate than recommended rate. The amounts of metabolites, TFNA, 4-Trifluoro methyl nicotinic acid and TFNG, N-(4-trifluoro methyl nicotinoyl) glycine were increased while flonicamid parent compound was decreased over time. Therefore the longer trial period should be needed for flonicamid in sweet peppers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.532-536
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• 2005

GC-NPD analysis was performed on residues of aluminium phosphide in raw wheat and wheat products by trapping gaseous phosphine in the headspace of vessel. In Australian wheat, over 95% of samples were detected below 1 ppb, considered as safe level, whereas in American wheat, about 70% of 58 samples were detected within 1-10 ppb with 4 showing over 10 ppb. About 14-22% phosphine residues of raw wheat were retained after milling process. Wheat samples of same origin showed significant varying levels of phosphine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.71-71
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• 1998

수산용 향균제로 널리 사용되고 있는 옥소린산의 잔류량의 전북지역에서 시판중인 뱀장어 근육조직에서 측정하였다. 후배부 근육중의 옥소린산 잔류량은 시료에 따라 많은 차이가 있었으며 32%의 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 옥소린산이 검출된 시료중 16%에서는 그 농도가 0.1pm 이상이었다. 중요 장기중이 옥소린산 농도는 신장>간장>혈장>근육의 순이었다. 근육중의 옥소린산은 10분 가열에 의해 거의 감소되지 않았으며 30분 가열에 의해서는 원래 농도의 50%수준으로 감소하였으나 30분 가열 후의 시료는 심하게 탄화되었다. 고용량의 옥소린산을 실험실적으로 뱀장어에 투여하여 얻은 근육중의 농도나 수용액중의 옥소린산이 가열에 의해 파괴되는 경향을 검토함으로써 옥소린산의 열안정성이 확인되었다. 이 연구 결과는 뱀장어 소비자를 옥소린산 섭취로 부터 보호할 수 있는 규제의 강화가 필요함을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the terminal residue of a new fungicide, KNF 1002, in cucumber and pepper under greenhouse and field conditions. When a microemulsion formulation (20%) of KNF 1002 was applied once or twice during $1{\sim}7$ days before harvest, its terminal residue in cucumber ranged <$0.02{\sim}0.20\;mg/kg$ under greenhouse condition. In pepper, its figure recorded $0.31{\sim}0.79\;mg/kg$ and $0.11{\sim}0.28\;mg/kg$ under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Much higher level of terminal residues was observed in leaves than those in fruits in pepper, showing $7.38{\sim}25.20\;mg/kg$ and $0.11{\sim}1.99\;mg/kg$ under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Cultivation condition affected evidently the residue level in pepper harvests. Residual pattern of KNF 1002 seemed to be comparable to strobilurin fungicides currently used.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1990

Metaldehyde Granule (6%) was sprayed 7, 15 and 30 days before harvest at the level of 0.3kg AI/l0a to evaluate metaldehyde residues on the inner and outer part of chinese cabbage. Roots of chinese cabbage were also analyzed. Results were as follows : 1. The amount of free acetaldehyde in chinese cabbage was 0.02-0.18ppm. 2. It was shown that metaldehyde residues in the leaf and root of chinese cabbage increased as the number of treatment increased and treatment period decreased. 3. The metaldehyde residue range in the leaf was in the range of 0.11-1.4ppm 4. The difference of metaldehyde residue on the inner and outer part of chinese cabbage was in the range of 0.01-0.6ppm and the residue on inner parts was slightly higher than outer part. 5. The metaldehyde residue in the root was in the range of 0.04-0.63ppm.