• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Polygonum tinctoria Niram (PTN) on atopic dermatitis (AD) in BALB/c mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). They were divided into four groups; Control, DNCB, DNCB+1%PTN (1% PTN extract) and DNCB+5%PTN (5% PTN extract), for evaluating the change of appearance of skin surface, skin hydration, thickness of epidermis and mast cell numbers during 4 weeks. PTN suppressed symptoms of AD in appearance of skin and increased skin hydration for DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN. Treatment with PTN significantly decreased the levels of eosinophils. In histopathological examination, DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis and number of mast cell in dermis. These results suggested that the PTN improved symptoms of AD in BALB/c mice.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 2015

Gastrodia elata Blume is a well-known kind of natural products used as a folk medicine for thousands of years. However, anti-atopic dermatitis-like effects of G. elata Blume had not been evaluated until now. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of water extract from the roots of G. elata Blume (GE) on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions using balb/c mice. Combination treatment of GE (at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight by administrated per os + 0.5 mg/cm² as ointment to apply on ear and dorsal skin) was significantly inhibited spleen weight, ear thickness, levels of serum immunoglobulin E and number of mast cells, compared with that of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-included groups without GE. Furthermore, combination application by oral administration plus by ointment of GE significantly inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. These results suggest that combination treatment of oral administration plus ointment form of GE could be helpful as a potentially natural pharmaceutical treatment on atopic-like dermatitis.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2006

This study was undertaken to develop a reliable mice model demonstrating similar immunologic phenomena as human atopic dermatitis characterized with predominance of type-2 immune response. BALB/C mice and NC/Nga mice were sensitized twice with $100{\mu}l$ of 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or vehicle (acetone : olive oil=4:1 mixture) in a week and challenged twice with $100{\mu}l$ of 0.2% DNCB or the vehicle at the following week. Mice were sacrificed at 19 days following the second DNCB or vehicle challenge for NC/Nga mice and at 28 days following the second DNCB or vehicle challenge for BALB/c mice. Upregulation of plasma 1gE, a hallmark of atopic dermatitis occurrence, was evident in the plasma obtained 4 day after the second DNCB challenge from BALB/c mice (approximately 4-fold) and NC/Nga mice (approximately 6-fold) treated with DNCB in comparison with that of the vehicle treated-control mice, and remain higher $3{\sim}4$ week after the second challenge. Ratio of plasma IgG1 versus IgG2a concentration was significantly higher in the mice treated with DNCB than the control mice, which also implies the skewed type-2 reactivity in vivo. Ratio of interleukin-4 versus interferon gamma produced in the splenic T cell culture supernatants was approximately 3-fold higher in the both strains of mice treated with DNCB than their control mice, respectively. The DNCB-treated mice demonstrated atopic dermatitis-like skin legions characterized with erythma, scaling, and hemorrhage, which was not observed with the control mice. Scratching on face or dorsal area was significantly more frequent (approximately 25-fold) in the DNCB-treated mice than the control at next day of the second DNCB challenge, and scratching frequency remains higher (approximately 4-fold) in the mice treated with DNCB than the control at 14 day following the second DNCB challenge. Overall, the mice model developed through sensitization and challenge with DNCB may be useful for research on atopic dermatitis and development of treatment materials for atopic dermatitis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.537-541
• /
• 2020

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors have been implicated in atopic dermatitis. S1P₂ was found to function as a proallergic receptor, while its antagonist JTE-013 was found to suppress allergic asthma in mice. Topical application of JTE-013 has not been investigated in an in vivo model of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of JTE-013 topical application was evaluated by the use of a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model. DNCB-induced inflammation and mast cell accumulation in skin tissues were significantly suppressed by topical JTE-013 treatment in BALB/c mice. DNCB-induced increase of lymph nodes sizes and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ) in lymph nodes were also significantly reduced by the JTE-013 treatment. Elevated serum levels of IgE were significantly suppressed by the topical treatment of JTE-013. In summary, the topical treatment of JTE-013 S1P₂ antagonist suppressed DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms and immune responses. These results suggested JTE-013 as a potential therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the clinical parameters of atopic dermatitis and evaluated the inhibitory effects of Black currant seed oil for atopic dermatitis by using a Dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) induced BALB/c mice model. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group (N, non-treated), control group (C, atopic dermatitis-induced), positive control group (PC, Tacrolimus ointment-treated against induced atopic dermatitis, PC), experiment group (E, Black currant seed oil-treated against induced atopic dermatitis). After induction of atopic dermatitis by DNCB, the erythema, edema, eschar, and scratching were severely observed. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis were improved after 2 weeks, and almost disappeared after 4 weeks in PC and E group. The increased frequencies of scratching in C group were decreased in PC and E group. Transepidermal water loss, erythema index and serum IgE level were significantly decreased in E and PC compared to that in C after 4 weeks of the treatment. The results indicated that Black currant seed oil can relieve atopic dermatitis symptoms effectively, and may be possibly used as a functional material for suppression of atopic dermatitis.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Cinnamomum camphora leaves on allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis. We evaluated the effects of C. camphora leaves on human adult low-calcium high-temperature keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis mice. C. camphora leaves inhibited Macrophage-derived chemokine (an inflammatory chemokine) production in $interferon-{\gamma}$ (10 ng/mL) stimulated Human adult low-calcium high-temperature keratinocytes in a dose dependent manner. C. camphora leaves suppressed the phosphorylation of janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. C. camphora leaves also suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, a central signaling molecule in the inflammation process. These results suggest that C. camphora leaves exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. To study the advanced effects of C. camphora leaves on atopic dermatitis, we induced experimental atopic dermatitis in mice by applying 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The group treated with C. camphora leaves (100 mg/kg) showed remarkable improvement of atopic dermatitis symptoms: reduced serum immunoglobulin E levels, smaller lymph nodes with reduced thickness and length, decreased ear edema, and reduced levels of inflammatory cell infiltration in the ears. Interestingly, the effects of C. camphora leaves on atopic dermatitis symptoms were stronger than those of hydrocort cream, a positive control. Taken together, C. camphora leaves showed alleviating effects on the inflammatory chemokine production in vitro and atopic dermatitis symptoms in vivo. These results suggest that C. camphora leaves help in the treatment of allergic inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.8
• /
• pp.1121-1127
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the effects of Myagropsis myagroides ethanol extract (MMEE) on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice. The effects of MMEE on DNCB-induced BALB/c mice were evaluated by examining skin symptom severity, levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 in serum, and levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) in splenocytes. MMEE significantly reduced the total clinical severity score, total IgE levels, as well as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4 production in an AD mouse model but increased IL-10 production. Production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in splenocytes was reduced by MMEE, whereas $IFN-{\gamma}$ production increased. These results suggest that MMEE can inhibit the development of AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice by modulating the immune response and may be an effective potential therapeutic agent for AD.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 1985

N-Arylation reaction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridine, nicotinamide and 4,4'-bipyridine was studied. We prepared N-2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives initially by reacting the above heterocycles with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in ethanol, and then treated the N-2,4-dinitrophenylated heterocycles with various aniline derivatives, $XC_6H_4NH_2$(X = -H, p-$CH_3$, p-$C_2H_5$, p-Cl, p-CN, p-OH, p-$OCH_3$, o-Cl, m-$CH_3$) to yield the corresponding N-arylated compounds in fairly good yields. $H^1$-nmr patterns and peak assignments of the N-arylated products were described.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 2009

The roots of Rumecis Radix have been used for the treatment of heat phlegm, jaundice, constipation, scabies and uterine hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to confirm whether Rumecis Radix water extract (RJWE) has a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-applied BALB/c mice. Oral administration (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg) and topical application (0.5 mg/mouse, 1.0 mg/mouse) of RJWE decreased the development of AD-like skin lesions, ear swelling, spleen weight and total serum IgE. RJWE significantly also inhibited the infiltration of mast cells in the dorsal skin. Furthermore, the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) was suppressed significantly. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of RJWE on AD might be associated with mast cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2015

This study was intended to evaluate the anti-atopic effect of Sargassum fulvellum water extract (SFWE). Atopic dermatitis (AD) was induced in BALB/c mice by spreading 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the dorsal skin area. The production of IL-4 and total IgE of the SFWE treated group was significantly less than the DNCB only group. On the other hand, the production of the IFN-γ of SFWE treated group was greater than that of the DNCB only group. In addition, SFWE alleviated the AD symptoms when compared to the DNCB only group and reduced the epidermal thickness and the number of mast cells in histological analysis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the application of SFWE has an anti-atopic activity through the modulation of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, and the total IgE in DNCB-induced BALB/c mice. Therefore, SFWE can be utilized with atopic disease therapies.