• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.309-317
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate convenience foods at convenience stores, by examining consumption patterns, as well as the degree of checking food-nutrition labeling. In this study, 208 workers in Busan in their 20s or 30s were surveyed using 1:1 interview questionnaires. The weekly usage frequencies of cup-ramyeon, gimbap, ramyeon, and sandwiches were 41.0%, 39.4%, 32.7%, and 19.0% respectively. The usage frequency of convenience foods was 12.0% for 'over 5 times/week', 23.0% for '3~4 times/week', 31.7% for '1~2 times/week', 29.8% for '1~2 times/month', and 3.4% for zero usage. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate in the '3~4 times/week' as well as '1~2 times/week' intervals than workers in their 30s. Single people showed a significantly (P<0.01) higher rate than married people. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly higher score for the '3~4 times/week' as well as '1~2 times/week' intervals (P<0.05). The mean score of checking food labeling was 4.02/5.00 for the manufacturer's date, or expiration date, 3.23/5.00 for weight or volume, 2.99/5.00 for cooking method, and 2.85/5.00 for storage method. Females showed significantly (P<0.01) higher rates for checking the manufacturer's date or expiration date, as well as source of the raw material. Single workers showed significantly (P<0.01) higher rates for checking the manufacture's or expiration date as well as storage method. The mean score for checking nutrition labeling was 3.06/5.00 for calories, 2.84/5.00 for trans fat, 2.80/5.00 for sodium, and 2.76/5.00 for cholesterol. Females showed a significantly (P<0.01) higher rate for six of 10 items. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate for four of 10 items. Expert officials showed significantly higher rate for six of 10 items (P<0.05) and two of 10 items (P<0.01), respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.175-183
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• 2005

Dose distribution of Korean radiation workers classified by occupational categories was analyzed. Statistics of the occupational radiation exposure(ORE) in 2002 of the radiation workers in diagnostic and dental radiology were obtained from the Korea Food and Drug Agency(KFDA) who maintains the database for individual radiation dose records. Corresponding statistics for the rest of radiation workers were obtained by processing the individual annual doses provided by the Korea Radioisotope Association(KRIA) after deletion of individual information. The ORE distribution was classified in term of 28 occupational categories, annual individual dose levels, age groups and gender of 52733 radiation workers as of the year of 2002. The total collective dose was 66.4 man-Sv and resulting average individual ORE was 1.26 mSv. Around 80% of the workers were exposed to minimal doses less than 1.2 mSv. However, it appeared that the recorded doses exceeded 20 mSv for 43 workers in the industrial radiography and for 147 workers in the field of radiology. Particularly, recorded doses of 23 workers in radiology exceeded the annual dose limits of 50 mSv, which is extraordinary when the working environment is considered. It is uncertain whether those doses are real or caused by careless placing of dosimeters in the imaging rooms while the X-ray units are in operation. No one in the workforce of 16 operating nuclear power plant units was exposed over 20 mSv in 2002. Number of workers was the largest in their 30's of age and the mean individual dose was the highest in their 20's. Women were around 20% of the radiation workers and their average dose was around one half of that of man workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.163-180
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• 1978

Much of a person's energy is spent in the effort of becoming a productive member of to-day's complex society. This activity may cause tension, and chronic unrelieved tension is an influential factor in blood pressure elevation. The problem of this study was to identify manifest needs and self-actualization of patients with essential hypertension, and to analyse and compare their manifest needs and selt-actualization with the selected general characteristics of We, sex, religion, occupation and level of education with a control group of patients with normal blood pressure readings. The purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing interventions toward reducing the impact of complex psycho-somatic factors on the anxiety of patients with essential hypertension. The instruments used included selected items from the Edwards (1959) Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) as adapted by Hwang (1965) and from the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) (Shostrom 1964, 1974) adapted by Kim and Lee (1977) to measure manifest needs and self-actualization. The convenience sample was chosen from 149 persons who presented themselves for general physical examinations at Ewha University Medical Centre and 41 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at three general hospitals in Seoul during June 1 and August 31, 1977. Forty-nine persons from the Ewha group with blood-pressure readings exceeding 150/90 were added to the experimental group. Data were analysed by the S.P.S.S. computer programme using t-test and tests for statistical significance. Statistically significant findings were as follows: A. Blood Pressure and Manifest Needs. 1. with the exception of Autonomy, patients with hypertension had significantly high scores on all variables Abasement, Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Emotionality, Exhibitionism and Sex. 2. When mean scores of normal persons were compared by age groups, normal persons had higher scores in the following order on Abasement (50's, 40's, 20's, 30's), Achievement (50's, 30's, 40's, 20's), Affiliation (50's, 40's, 30's, 20's), Dominance (50's, 40's, 40's, 20's) and Exhibitionism (30's, 50's, 40's, 20's). In each case, there was a significant difference between the first and last age group scores. 3. When the mean scores of normal persons were compared by sex, normal men had higher scores than women on Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex. Male patients had higher scores than female patients on Achievement, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex, but female patients scored higher in Emotionality. 4. Normal persons had higher scores related to religion in the following order on Achievement (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hyper tensive patients had higher scores on. Exhibitionism (no religion, Christianity, Buddhism). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Achievement and Exhibitionism (unemployed, office workers, teachless, businessmen), Emotionality (office workers, unemployed, businessmen, teacher) and Sex (office workers, unemployed, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Achievement and Aggression (teachers, businessmen, office worker, unemployed), Dominance and Exhibitionism (businessmen, teacher, of ace workers, unemployed) and Sex (teachers, office worker, businessmen, unemployed). 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of edification in the following order on Abasement, Emotionality and Autonomy (secondary school graduation, university). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Abasement (no education, primary, university, secondary), Achievement (no education, secondary, university, primary) , Dominance (university, no education, secondary, primary), Exhibitionism (university, secondary, no education, primary), and Sex (university, secondary, primary, no education). B. Blood Pressure and Self_Actualization 1, Patients with hypertension had significantly lower scores on all variables. 2. Normal persons had higher scores related to age groups in the following order on Existentiality (20's, 30's, 40's, 50's). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 3. Normal women had higher scores than men on Time Competence. Normal men had higher scores on Feeling Reactivity. Male patients had higher scores than women on Self-Actualizing Value and Self-Regard. 4. Normal persons ha 1 higher scores related to religion on spontaneity (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Time Competence and Nature of Man (Buddhism, Christianity, no religion). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Existentiality (teachers, office workers, businessmen, unemployed) and Self-Regard (unemployed, office workers, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of education in the following order on Existentiality and Self-Acceptance (university, secondary). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on inner-Director (university, secondary, no education, primary) and Existentiality (university, secondary, primary, no education). Recommendations for nursing interventions with hypertensive patients with emotional problems or low self-actualization were made. 1. The nurse should encourage the patient through her interactions with other members of the medical team to accept counselling and health education. 2. Through her therapeutic interpersonal relationships with the patient, the nurse should help him discover the causes of his emotional tension. 3. Through her health teaching with the family, the nurse should encourage them to participate with the medical team in the patient's therapeutic plan and in providing him with the minimum possible emotional support. 4. Through frequent counselling with the obsessive-thinking and inflexible patient, the nurse should reevaluate the patient's behaviour and her interventions. 5. Seriously ill patients should be given needed reeducation by members of the professional medical team.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2015

The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2001

Work stress and health are very important factors related to workers' condition and work safety, Author has conducted a couple of tests to check up three people's pulses before they work during their work for three types of safety guard in construction site. Work type, age, weight, sex experience year, ambient temperature n recorded as variables in this study. These are checked and asked by the author directly, before their pulse check Also, workers' Pulses were measured at height H-0 and H-9.0m to understand psychological the degree of psychological nervousness degree. POLAR protrainer NVTM HRM system(wrist recorder and sensor) was used for the site test. There are three(3) different types of construction safety guard which have been used for, this study. They are usually or frequently used and found in the site. Four different ranges of age groups(20's, 30's 40's, 50's) carpenters are assisted to the test sites with wearing pulse recorder and sensor respectively. All three types of safety guards have the same height 90㎝ even though they are different types. On top of five(5) stories tublar framed scaffolding is fabricated, similar to the one in site, where those safety guards are installed. The older(=more experienced) the workers are the more stable they are. it is shown. Also, It is verified the visually uncomfortable rail type can cause workers to psychologically be unstable.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.905-913
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• 1999

The hand is a part of the body which has various functions and a sophisticated structures bone, Joint, tendon, ligament and logical nerve organ are aggregated densely in the hand of anatomy its functions are delicate. The hand's functions are very important for doing ADL and a worker's As the hand is structure which is used often and commonly it is a site that can be easily damaged by a accident on work. This study was investigated and analyzed by the results from 238 workers who had hand injury and physical therapy from January, 1997 to June, 1998 at Shin-Pung, Jang-Lim industrial complex which is located in Pusan. 1. A hand injury most frequertly happened in worker in their 30's and 20's(66 case, 28%), second was 57 case(24%) their 40's. 2. Among workers suffering from injury, who had one or less than 2 years on the job, a injury most frequently occurred. 3. Scale of workers, A injury most frequently happend in a place where had workers from 10 to 50. 99 workers from that place were 42% of total. 4. Month of occurrence rate in March were the highest compared to other months 40 injury workers in march were 17% of the total. Second was July, and the least was April that injury appeared with 10 workers. (4.2% of the total) 1. Frocture was the most common lesion 82 workers had that lesion(34%) soft tissue rupture was 71 workers who were 30% of total in type of lesion. 2. Of the site of lesion multiple case was the most common in which 57 workers had that lesion it were 24% of the total. The next was the index finger site in which 44 workers were 19% of the total. The index finger was the most common mono-site that can be lesion 36 workers were the middle finger lesion workers who were 15% of the total. Of the joint lesion, PIP was the most in which 76 workers were 44% and in MC 27 workers were 15% of the total. 3. Interval of physical therapy 79 workers from one month to 2 months, was 33% of the total and 174 workers who had therapy below 3 months were 71% 4. Post injury of disablity of the site, phalangeous disability was the most in which 148 workers had that injury and they were 62% of the total of the grade of disability 110 workers who were 46% of the total state from less than 25% disability in hand-function and 59 patients who were 25% had no disability. There were 6 workers (3% of the total) who had over -75%-dibability in the hand-function.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 1989

The study was designed. to analyse the factors effecting to smoking and drinking of community people in rural area. The study has been surveyed through interviews by trained college students for 1,846 residents who live in rural area(Eup or Myun office is located)for 20days(from 3rd. to 22M. in August, 1988) The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. The number of answers on the questionaires was 1846. And the percent of man was 55.7 %(woman 44.3 %). Among age group 20-29 years group with 30.4 % was larger than any other group. Anaverage age of answers was 38.6 years. 2.In the period of residence, 21.5 % of the residents lived within 5 years(This group was larger than any other group). In occupations, workers in agriculture and fishing was more than other job occupants. In education, the percent of high school graduates was 44.0 %(higher than any other group) 3.The smoking rate of rural residents was 41.8 %and man's smoking rate was 76.0 % (woman's smoking rate was 7.6 %). These rates were higher than the rates in 1985 (The smoking rate of nation was 32.0 %). First of all, woman's smoking rate increased rapidly 4.As for smoking amount, in male 52.8% of smokers smoked a cigarette case (20 cigarettes) in a day, and 16.9 % of smokers smoked more than one cigarette case. In female 42.5 % of woman smokers smoked a half case in a day and the rate of non-smokers diminished to 77.8 % 5.The rate of non-smokers in 21-29 years group was higher than any other group and a smoking rate increased as an age increased. However, a smoking amount decreased as an age increased. This suggests that people are more concerning about their health as their ages increase.. 6.The smoking rate of college graduates was 58.8 %(higher than any other group) and in a smoking amount 36.4 % of college graduates, 29.8 % of high school graduates smoked more than a cigarette case in a day. This shows that people in a higher education group smoke more than those in other groups. 7.As for non-smoking rate, students, service job workers, company employees, and teachers was 54.1%, 43.4%. 40.1% and 39.5%. respectively. As for smoking rate, workers in agriculture and fishing was the highest level of all job employees. Public officers smoked less than the workers in agriculture and the smoking rate of teachers was less than that of public officers. with regard to smoking amount. above one cigarette case in a day was 39.9 % in public officers, 39.2 % workers in agriculture and fishing, 37.9 % in businessmen, 34.2 % in teachers, 31.9 % in service job employees and 31.6 % in a company employees. 8.The variables which had an effect on smoking were sex (B=.1701), job(B=.1688), education(B=.1671), age(B=.1125). These variables were significant in P＜0.05 statistically. Explanatory variance level was 19% 9.The drinking rate of community residents was 61.8% and man's drinking rate was 81.7%(woman's drinking rate was 38.9%). As drinking rate 18.0%(the highest rate) of man drinkers drank 3 bottles of beer in a general drinking and 12.1% of them drank more than 10 bottles. 12.1% (the highest rate)of woman drinkers drank 2 cups of beer. The rising rate of woman's drinking of alcohol was remarkable. 10.Each non-drinking rate of age groups was 27.6% (in 20-30 years group), 28.0% (in 30-39 years group), 28.9%(in 40-49 years group) and 32,6%(in 50-59 years group), 10,7%(the highest rate) of 20-29 and 30-39 years groups drank above 3 bottles. 7.5% of 20-29 years group and 7.7% of 30-39 years group drank above 10 bottles. In 40-49 years group, 14.4 % of them drank a bottle and 8.1% of them drank above 10 bottles. In 50-59years group, 14,2% of them drank 2 bottles and 5.3 % of them drank above 10 bottles. This shows that a drinking rate decresed as an age increased. 11.Non-drinking rate was higher as an education level was lower. Each non-drinking rate of non-educated group, elementary school group, middle school group and high school group was 41.0 % of high school graduates and 14.5 % of college graduates drank 3 bottles of beer. 9.7 %(the highest rate) of college graduates drank above 10 bottles, in general drinking. 12.Each non-drinking rate of businessmen, farmers, service job workers, and students was 31.3%, 28.2%, 26.8% and 25.9%. However, Each drinking rate of public officers, company employees and teachers was 73.3 %, 72.2 % and 68.4 %. This tells us that the drinking rate of mental workers is higher than that of physical workers. 14.9 % of farmers and 14.4 % of public officers drank 3 bottles at a time. 10.5 % of teachers and 9.9 % of public officers drank above 10 bottles. 13.The variables which affect on drinking were sex(B=.1545), education(B=.1476), job(B=.1064), and age(B=.1052). These variables were significant in the level of 0.05 % and explanatory variance level was 18 %. 14.Government have to educate people and demonstrate the health hazards caused by smoking and over-drinking. Especially, No-smoking campaign for woman and education not to over drink for professional job workers are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the results of autonomic nervous activity(ANA) and autonomic nervous balance(ANB) by heart rate variability test. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing company. Method : The subjects consisted of 32,049 workers who had answered about questionnaires of a job position, age, smoking, drinking, exercise history and sex. The ANA and ANB were examined by SA3000P. I analyzed the differences of ANA and ANB according to job positions, ages, the state of smoking, drinking, exercise and sex by T-test or ANOVA with SPSS ver. 17.0. Results : Regarding the differences of ANA among job positions, the ANA was lowest in sales positions, highest in production workers. Among ages, the ANA was highest in 50s, lowest in 30s. In smoking, the ANA was higher in non-smoking group. In drinking, the ANA was higher in non-drinking group. In exercise, the ANA was higher in exercise group. In sex, there was no significant difference. The case of ANB, there were no significant differences except for ages. Among ages, the ANB was highest in 20s, the lowest in 40s. Conclusion : According to these results, we should establish the methods of controlling ANA and ANB from the perspective of Korean traditional medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-36
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• 2024

Over the past three years, even amidst viral threats, a notable shift towards online interactions has been observed. This trend persists the presence of significant viral concerns. Our study centered on female office workers in their twenties and thirties in Korea, seeking to comprehend how they enhance and present their external image in the digital era. We explored the use of digital devices and fashion choices that enable them to amplify their self-expression in video conferences. Using a mix of surveys and in-depth interviews, we employed snowball sampling to recruit twelve participants. These women were given the opportunity to shape their digital persona either to uphold their current image or to adapt it for interactions where they weren't face-to-face. Their desired images fell into three distinct categories: an authoritative professional image, a clean modern image, and a natural image. Depending on the context, the participants aimed to convey these images independently or in various combinations. Our findings suggest the need to develop strategies for acknowledging and projecting individual fashion identities in non-face-to-face interactions. Such strategies would empower individuals to better align their online personas with their desired self-image, whether it's professional, modern, clean, natural, or a combination thereof.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.118-127
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• 2022

This study analyzes the characteristics of occupational accidents of food delivery via motorcycle in terms of accident probability and work-days. Depending on their employment status, food-delivery workers were divided into "employed" workers (who work for restaurants) and "special-type" workers (who work for delivery platforms). Collected data include occupational accident-information during the last two years (1,468 cases for employed workers and 4,899 cases for special-type workers) and their risk information such as age, work experience, accident location, season of the accident, and weather conditions. The study finds that special-type workers had a significantly higher accident probability for the younger age group (80.8%), while employed workers had more accidents in both 20's or younger (34.9%) and 50's or older (25.4%). The number of work-days-lost was higher for special-type workers with less work experience, and it decreased with increasing work experience. Moreover, the chance for accidents was higher at night time (55%) than for day time (45%) for special-type workers as well as for employed workers. The number of work-days-lost was higher in foreign workers (180.79 days) than in Korean workers (121.44 days). Accident probability (30.7%) and work-days-lost (136.2 days) was higher in winter than in other seasons. In addition, accidents-per-day was higher on snowy days (12.7 cases per day) than rainy (8.1) and windy days (7.1). In addition, it was found that deadly accidents mainly caused injuries to face, head, and chest, while non-deadly accidents affected mainly the legs and feet. This study enables the development of better policies to prevent accidents of food delivery workers.