• Title/Summary/Keyword: 3-Way Injection Material

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Comparison of Radiopharmaceutical Dosing Rate Measurements Using Plastic Syringes and Norm-ject Syringes (플라스틱 주사기와 놈젝 주사기를 이용한 방사성 의약품의 투여율 측정 비교)

  • Son, Sang-Joon;Park, Jeong-Kyu
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.395-400
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    • 2020
  • Between October 2019 and January 2020, 120EA of a syringe that was equipped with a 3-way injection material and administered 99mTc labeled compound among inpatients for SPECT examination at the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Daegu P Hospital. When using a plastic syringe, the average dosing rate according to the number of dilutions was 99mTc-ECD the highest at 90.87±11.08, and 99mTc-DMSA the lowest at 75.28±7.43. The average dose rate according to the number of dilutions was the highest at 93.58±7.96, and the lowest at 99mTc-DMSA at 91.60±6.07. The independent sample t-test showed whether the difference between the 99mTc-DMSA plastic syringe and the normjek syringe was statistically significant(p<0.01). The 99mTc-DMSA used for radiopharmaceuticals is a radiopharmaceutical that is mainly used for pediatric patients, and it is considered that it is necessary to use a normjek syringe rather than a general plastic syringe because the precise dosage is important.

Experimental observation and numerical simulation of cement grout penetration in discrete joints

  • Lee, Jong-Won;Kim, Hyung-Mok;Yazdani, Mahmoud;Lee, Hangbok;Oh, Tae-Min;Park, Eui-Seob
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents a comparison between experimental measurements and numerical estimations of penetration length of a cement grout injected in discrete joints. In the experiment, a joint was generated by planar acryl plates with a certain separation distance (; aperture) and was designed in such a way to vary the separation distances. Since a cement grout was used, the grout viscosity can be varied by controlling water-cement (W/C) ratios. Throughout these experiments, the influence of joint aperture, cement grout viscosity, and injection rate on a penetration length in a discrete joint was investigated. During the experiments, we also measured the time-dependent variation of grout viscosity due to a hardening process. The time-dependent viscosity was included in our numerical simulations as a function of elapsed time to demonstrate its impact on the estimation of penetration length. In the numerical simulations, Bingham fluid model that has been known to be applicable to a viscous cement material, was employed. We showed that the estimations by the current numerical approach were well comparable to the experimental measurements only in limited conditions of lower injection rates and smaller joint apertures. The difference between two approaches resulted from the facts that material separation (; bleeding) of cement grout, which was noticeable in higher injection rate and there could be a significant surface friction between the grout and joint planes, which are not included in the numerical simulations. Our numerical simulation, meanwhile, could well demonstrate that penetration length can be significantly over-estimated without considering a time-dependency of viscosity in a cement grout.

Fabrication of the Electroluminescence Devices with Al electrode deposited by DC sputtering (DC 스퍼터링 증착에 의한 AI 전극을 갖는 전계발광소자 제작)

  • 윤석범
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 2000
  • We successfully fabricated OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diodes) with Al cathodes electrode deposited by the DC magnetron sputtering. The effects of a controlled Al cathode layer of an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/blended single polymer layer (PVK Bu:PBD:dye)/Al light emitting diodes are described. The PVK (Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)) and Bu-PBD (2-(4-biphenyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) are used hole transport polymer and electron transport molecule respectively. We found that both current injection and electroluminescence output are significantly different with a variable DC sputtering power. The difference is believed to be due to the influence near the blended polymer layer/cathode interface that results from the DC power and H$\sub$2//O in a chamber. And DC sputtering deposition is an effective way to fabricate Al electrodes with pronounced orientational characteristics without damage occurring to metal-organic interface during the sputtering deposition.

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An Investigation of Surface Appearance of an Injection-Molded Plastic Part with Various Induction Heating Conditions (고주파 가열조건에 따른 플라스틱 사출성형품의 표면특성 고찰)

  • Sohn, Dong-Hwi;Seo, Young-Soo;Park, Keun;Lee, Kwang-Woo
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.358-365
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    • 2009
  • High-frequency induction is an efficient way to rapidly heat mold surface by electromagnetic induction. In the present work, high-frequency induction heating is applied to injection molding of a mobile phone cover in order to eliminate weldlines by efficiently raising the mold temperature. Through the induction heating experiments, the maximum temperature of $143^{\circ}C$ is obtained on the mold surface in 3s of heating, which is higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin material. An injection molding experiment is then performed with the aid of induction heating, from which we can successfully remove all the weldlines of the mobile phone cover. The effect of induction heating conditions such as the heating power and the heating time on the surface appearance is experimentally investigated.

Comparison of the Measurement of the Injection Rate of Radioactive Drugs Using 99mTc in Nuclear Medicine (핵의학과에서 99mTc를 이용한 방사성의약품의 투여율 측정 비교)

  • Son, Sang-Joon;Park, Jeong-Kyu;Jung, Dong-Kyung;Park, Myeong-Hwan
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted by SPECT test at the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Daegu P Hospital from June 1 to October 31, 2019. A 3-way injection material was mounted among inpatients, and a syringe that was administered with radiopharmaceuticals using a 99mTc labeled compound was secured. We tried to find a way to calculate the dose rate of each radiopharmaceutical and increase the dose rate. As a result of measuring the radioactivity of radio-pharmaceuticals using 99mTc, the average dose rate of 60 syringes of all 6 radiopharmaceuticals was 93.26±7.34%, and the average dose rate of 99mTc-DMSA was 77.72%, 15.54% lower than the total. As a way to increase the dosing rate, the average dose rate diluted twice with the remaining amount of syringe after administration using normal saline increased to 95.37±6.99%, and the average dose rate diluted three times increased to 96.32±6.86%. The corresponding sample t-test to compare the pre- and post-dose rates at 1 dilution and 2 and 3 dilutions. As a result of the dilution and 2 dilutions, the probability of significance was 0.013, which was significantly higher than the dilution(p<0.05). The probability of significance for dilution 1 and dilution 3 was 0.016, which was significantly higher than in one dilution(p<0.05). The sum of the average dose rate using the experimental 3-way line was the highest with 98.85±1.42% of 99mTc, 99mTc-ECD 98.82±1.26%, 99mTc-Mebrofenin 98.82 ± 1.16%, 99mTc-HDP 98.74 ± 1.91%, 99mTc -MIBI was 98.69 ± 1.48%, and 99mTc-DMSA was the lowest with 86.47 ± 4.74%. When the number of dilutions was 5 times using 0.5 cc of normal saline and when the number of dilutions was 5 times using 1 cc of normal saline, when the number of dilutions was 5 times using 0.5 cc of normal saline and 1 cc of nomal saline When the number of dilutions was 5 times and the syringe volume was 0.5 cc, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference when the number of dilutions was 5 times using 1 cc of nomal saline and the number of dilutions was 5 times using 1 cc of normal saline, and the syringe volume was 0.5 cc (p<0.05).

Experiment Study on Mixing Efficiency of Material for Improving Reclamation Soil Quality in Dredging Soil Pipeline using CFD (준설토 배송관로 내에서의 개질재 혼합효율에 대한 CFD 해석)

  • Park, Byongjun;Kang, Byungyoon;Chung, Minchul;Shin, Jaeryul
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.1083-1096
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    • 2015
  • This study utilised Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) for preliminary assessment of mixing efficiencies of 2-phase fluids in a pipe at which a slurry flow and an injected solidifier join, for the purposes of reducing trial-and-error-based instances of physical experiments and conducting the overall research in an economical way. Using OpenFOAM$^{(R)}$, we simulated behavior of 3-phase fluids under 18 different settings generated by changing diameters of a dredged soil transportation pipe, a quality improving material injection pipe and the confluence angle. While difference in mixing efficiencies amongst the instances was insignificant, discernible boundary layers amongst the materials were observed in all of the instances. In order to break the boundary layers, we designed a substructure inside a pipe and found out that it could remarkably improve mixing efficiencies particularly for short distance applications.

A Study on Bee Sting Therapy: Based on'Research on Bee Sting Therapy' of Monthly Yangbonggye (봉침요법(蜂針療法)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察) -월간(月刊) $\ll$양봉계(養蜂界)$\gg$의 '봉침요법(蜂針療法)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)'를 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Kang, Jung-Won;Park, Dong-Suk;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Jae-Dong
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.135-151
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : To survey concept, meaning, and problems of beekeeper's bee sting therapy by reviewing and summarizing outline, indications, and clinical cases of 'Research on Bee Sting Therapy' described in Monthly Yangbonggye. Methods : As a narrative review, literature researches were carried out based on 'Research on Bee Sting Therapy' in Monthly Yangbonggye in the aspects of outline, indications, and clinical cases. In the concrete, outline was just summarized and described, and indications were categorized by recent version of international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems(ICD) of WHO(World health organization), and clinical cases were collected and summarized from the viewpoint of acupoints and methods of therapy. Results : 1. Bee sting therapy is to inject venom into skin by stimulating affected lesions or acupoints on meridian with sting of bee alive for therapeutic purposes. It can be divided into two classes(direct stimulation(直針法) and indirect stimulation(拔針法)) by the differences of methods, and is different from bee venom acupuncture therapy in the aspects of the way of extraction and injection. 2. In this material, bee sting therapy has 83 indications classified into 17 of 22 chapters of ICD. Among clinical cases, cases on neoplasm, goitre, lump, and haemorrhoids by direct stimulation were especially outstanding. 3. The therapeutic acupoints selected in bee sting therapy are mainly Ashi points(阿是穴), and partly acupoints on meridian(經穴), Extra points(經外奇穴), and New points(新穴) with careful consideration of patients' condition. Conclusions : Although bee sting therapy has more or less controversial points of diagnosis, treatment, and management of side effects, it is thought that the accumulated and inherited experiences from old times can be used as meaningful material by further experimental and clinical researches.

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Free Flow in Internal Thoracic Artery and Internal Thoracic Artery-Radial Artery Composite Graft (속가슴동맥 편 및 속가슴동맥-노동맥 복합이식편의 자유혈류)

  • 고광표;이미경;류대웅;이삼윤;최종범
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.10
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    • pp.839-844
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    • 2004
  • Background: The Y-composite graft of internal thoracic artery and radial artery is commonly used in coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study is to look for a way to raise the free flow of the internal thoracic graft and to see flow dynamics of the Y-graft. Material and Method: In 15 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, free flow of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft was measured using two different papaverine application methods; extraluminal papaverine spray in 7 patients and intraluminal papaverine injection in 8. In 18 other patients for whom the Y-graft was used, total free flow and flow changes from the two ends were measured. Result: The free flow of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft almost doubled with internal papaverine injection than with external papaverine spray $(47.7\pm9.6$ mL/min $vs.100.8\pm26.3$ mL/min, p<0.001). Total flow of the Y-composite graft was significantly more than either flow of the internal thoracic artery end or radial artery graft end $(173.3\pm45.3$ mL/min vs. $121.1\pm34.3$ mL/min or $117.5\pm42.8$ mL/min). When both ends of the Y-composite graft were opened, free flows from the two ends were similar $(85.4\pm27.8$ mL/min vs: $87.9\pm42.4$ mL/min, p=0.772). The flow of one end of the Y-composite graft was increased significantly by clamping of the other-end than when both ends were opened. Conclusion: Intraluminal papaverine injection is very effective in raising free flow of the internal thoracic artery graft, and the free flow of the Y-composite graft of in-situ internal thoracic artery and free radial artery graft is more than that of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft. The flow of one end flow of the Y-graft may be altered by the flow change of the other end.

A Study on the Working Environment Recognition and the Caracter Disposition of Nurse Aides (간호조무사의 근무환경인식과 성격성향에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Sun Yi
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.57-74
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    • 1990
  • As the whole world took on the tendency to be highly industrialized, it became necessary for each field of occupation to require professional man power. Especially, since the World War n, the participation of woman power in economic activities has been continually increasing. In our country also, because of the rapid economic growth, change in the way of thinking of women as well as their participation in economic activities are increasing. Thus, woman power is being utilized in various occupational fields from simple physical labor to those that require high-professional skill. Also, continued economic development policies, by setting the establishment of welfare society as the ideology to be fulfilled, brought expansion of medical facilities in the field of public health and increase in man power in that field. As for the nursing specialists, more than 6000 have been being produced per year and as of the end of 1988, the total number of nursing specialists, reached 123, 115. Therefore, this study is done to recognize the professional knowledge and ability of nursing specialists, who take up $40\%$ of the total public-health related man power in our country, through evaluating their working environment and their disposition of character. This study, which was done from September 18th to September 30th 1989, took on the method of using formed questionnaires that had been amended and supplemented during two preparatory investigations, 322 of such questionnaires were used as an analytical material. In the formation of questionnaires, 12 questions were related to the working environment, and 26 in fortotal were related to the disposition of character, 5 for wise-disposition, 11 for activedisposition and 10 for open-disposition. The measuring method, which used 5-point-standard, allowed 5 points for affirmative recognition of the working environment, also 5 points for showing wise, active and open disposition of character and only point in opposite cases. Collected materials were analyzed, through an electronic calculation, into the average value, the standard deflection percentage, pearson corelative number and stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the results from this study is as follows: 1. It was shown that the nursing specialists with the average of 3.07 have affirmative recognition of their working environment. The questions which drew most affirmative reaction were those concerning finance-management system such as hand, the questions that received negative reaction were those concerning communication method with the average of 2.49. Such reaction seems to have resulted from the cramming regulation by the superior authorities. Concerning the recognition of working environment in relation to employment conditions, more affirmative recognition is shown with the average of 3.14. at hospitals where injection job is not performed. The nursing specialists working at regular hospitals show more affirmative recognition than those at general hospitals, the averages being respectiely 3.16 and 3.03. 2. As for the disposition of character of the nursing specialists, active-disposition was highest with the average of 3.38, next was wise-disposition with 3.20 and the lowest was open-diposition with 2.98. Variable-wise disposition of character shows that wise-disposition and academic background are beneficially correlated by 0.12. Ative-disposition and open-disposition show correlation to the office term by respectively 0.16 and 0.21. In other words. better academic background leads to higher wise-disposition and more - experience results in higher active and open disposition. Also, the class that performs the injection job, in relation to the working environment, might cause change in the self-conceit that identify those in that class with the nurses; however, as far as professional judgment and action, in dealing with nursing job, being wise, active and open is concerned, not much effect is made. 3. The relation between the recognition of the working environment and the disposition of character is that more afirmative recognition- a nursing specialist has about her working environment, the higher the active-disposition becomes by 0.13. The degrees of the relation between recongnition of environment and wise and open dispositions show respectively 0.06 and -0.06 and -0.06. That is to say that when having more affirmative recognition of the working environment, a nursing specialist shows wise but closed disposition of character. This, howerver, didn't mean much statistically. When observing the results mentioned above, it is conspicuous that the nursing specialists, working as substitutes for the nurse at medical institutions of various sizes, get the feeling of being somewhat equal to the nurses and to some extent, fulfill their desire to accomplish their ego; however, as far as professional ability expansion if concerned. they lack wise and open dispositions. Therefore, considiering upon the results of this study, in medical institutions where the work of nursing specialists is regaded equal to that of the nurses, as a medical member who deals with human lives, it is desirable to make the nursing specialists work under the supervision of the nurses and to offer them continuous education to strengthen and improve their natural dispositions.

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Nonthermal plasma on the shear bond strength of relining resin to thermoplastic denture base resin (열가소성 의치상 레진과 첨상용 레진의 접착 강도에 저온플라즈마가 미치는 효과)

  • Manaloto-Ceballos, Liezl;Labriaga, Wilmart;Song, So-Yeon;Park, Jin-Hong;Lee, Jeong-Yol;Shin, Sang-Wan
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of nonthermal plasma treatment on the bond strength of autopolymerizing relining resin to the injection molded thermoplastic denture base resins (TDBRs) with different surface treatments. Materials and methods: Acrylic Resin (Acrytone), Polyester (Estheshot-Bright), Polyamide (Valplast) and Polypropylene (Weldenz) were subjected to various surface treatments: No treatment, Nonthermal plasma, Sandblasting, Sandblasting and nonthermal plasma. Specimens were bonded using an autopolymerizing relining resin. Shear bond strength was tested using universal testing machine with crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis by two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test post hoc was used. Results: Acrytone showed significantly higher shear bond strength value among other TDBR group while Weldenz had the lowest. The sandblasting and nonthermal plasma condition had significantly higher shear bond strength value in all of the resin groups (P < .05). Conclusion: The use of nonthermal plasma treatment showed limited effect on the shear bond strength between TDBRs and relining resin, and combination of nonthermal plasma and sandblasting improved the shear bond strength between TDBR and reline material.