• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2022

Oxysterols are known to be involved in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis. Since 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) is found in large amounts in oxysterols and in atherosclerotic plaque, the study on how 7-KC may affect monocyte differentiation induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the monocytic cell line, THP-1, is essential. 7-KC induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity, and the substantial staining of Nile red demonstrates the increased absorption of intracellular lipids. Although 7-KC itself did not increase cell adhesion, it markedly decreased the adhesion of cells treated with PMA. Furthermore, by observing the effect of 7-KC on phagocytosis using fluorescent-labeled latex beads, 7-KC's ability to abolish phagocytosis in PMA-stimulated macrophages was illustrated. The effect of 7-KC on the expression of selected protein markers on the process of differentiation induced by PMA in THP-1 cells was also examined. 7-KC inhibited expression of ICAM-1, CD11a, SR-A1, and SR-B2 (CD36) in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Conversely, 7-KC drastically increased the expression of SR-D1 (CD68)in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that 7-KC modulates monocyte differentiation and activation via the intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2016

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis has been identified in various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, and has been known to precipitate atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Oxysterols are known as inducers of apoptosis in VSMC, and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) is the major nonenzymically formed oxysterol in atherosclerotic lesions. The precise mechanism underlying VSMC apoptosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether 7KC causes apoptosis, and characterized its apoptotic mechanisms in primary cultured rat aortic VSMC. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and trypan blue assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analyses. 7KC markedly decreased the VSMC viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and increased the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major end-product of lipid peroxidation, which also decreased the VSMC viability. Pretreatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, a well-known reagent of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, significantly restored the 7KC-decreased viability of VSMC. Furthermore, HNE, as well as 7KC, reduced the level of total Akt, a major mediator of cell survival. The 7KC-decreased level of total Akt was significantly restored by pretreatments with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and N-acetylcysteine. Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, protected VSMC against apoptosis and Akt degradation, but did not inhibit HNE production. In the immunoprecipitation assay, 7KC increased HNE-modified Akt. From the results, it seems that, in atherosclerotic lesions, 7KC induces HNE production in VSMC, and this HNE binds to Akt, proceeding to proteasomal degradation of Akt, through which mechanism the atherosclerotic plaque instability may be facilitated.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.779-789
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• 2016

A total of 33 accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.), including previously reported and newly discovered sources of resistance to bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, were evaluated for their resistance to bacterial spot. The selected accessions were then grown and their horticultural characteristics were recorded. In a test for hypersensitive resistance (HR) to four races (P1, P3, P7, P8) of the pathogen found in Korea, KC00939 and Chilbok No.2, which carry the Bs2 gene, exhibited a hypersensitive response to all four races, as expected. Chilbok No.3, which carries the Bs3 gene, showed a hypersensitive reaction to race 1 and 7, as expected. KC00939 exhibited a high ASTA color value and tolerance to multiple infections from a viral complex of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV). Thus, this accession represents a promising genetic resource for breeding cultivars with multiple disease resistance and strong red coloration. KC01327, KC01617, KC01015, KC01760, KC01779, KC01137, KC01328, KC01006, KC00127, KC01704, and KC00995 did not exhibit hypersensitivity but showed a high level of general resistance when evaluated by spray inoculation. KC01617, KC01760, KC01779, KC01137, KC01704, and KC01777 are newly identified sources of resistance to bacterial spot. The previously and newly identified sources of resistance to bacterial spot evaluated in this study, including information about their resistance to CMV and BBWV complex in the field, the contents of pungent and sweet taste components, and the color values of dry fruits, will be useful for breeding pepper cultivars with resistance to bacterial spot.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

A total of 238 accessions of peppers (Capsicum spp.) were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn) in 1998-1999. KC604, 605, 606 and 608 of C. baccatum, KC616 of C. chinense, and KC638, 640, 641, 642, 643 and 644 of C. pubescens were highly resistant and remained disease-free. KC47-1 (PI244670), KC319-1, KC545, KC320 showed only mild infection compared with susceptible control group, 'Chungok' and others. Therefore, they were considered moderately resistant. Among them, KC47-1, KC319-1 and KC320 are sources of resistance to gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium spp. while KC47-1 is also resistant to bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye). Therefore, they may be used in breeding for multiple resistance to those diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1999

Sesame samples used in this study were Korean variety cultivated in Chochiwon City of Korea (KvKc), Chinese variety cultivated in Jilin Province of China(CvCc), Chinese variety cultivated in Chochiwon city of Korea(CvKc) and Korean variety cultivated in Jilin Province of China(KvCc). The extraction yields of sesame oils from KvKc, CvCc, CvKc and KvCc were 47.8%, 48.1%, 48.6% and 49.3% respectively. The color value (L value) of sesame oil from KvKc was lower than that of CvCc and KvKc sesame oil showed dark brown color. The composition of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid of free lipids from KvKc and U sesame oils were 93.1%, 6.6%, 0.2% and 94.7%, 4.6%, 0.8% respectively. Major fatty acids of KvKc and CvCc sesame were usaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acid. Total composition of the two major fatty acids of KvKc was 84.6% which was almost same with that of CvCc. However the composition of oleic and linoleic acid of KvKc were 47.1% and 37.5%, while the composition of CvCc were 40.5% and 44.3%. When cross-cultivated, the composition of oleic and linoleic acid of CvKc were 41.0% and 43.5%, while the composition of KvCc were 42.0% and 43.7%. The contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids of KvKc were 713 mg% and 309 mg%, which were much higher than those of CvCc. When cross-cultivated, the content of total amino acids of KvCc was 44% lower than that of KvKc while the content of total amino acids of CvKc was 36% higher than that of CvCc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Purpose : Nowadays, there are many studies of growth retardation treatment by oriental medical therapy. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Hwalhyulsungjang-san (Huoxuechengzhang-san) and KC101 on physical development in growth, Methods : 60 young (3 weeks old) male rats, whose mean weight was $46.8{\pm}0,7g$, were divided into 5 groups : groups A, B, C, and D were fed an experimental diet containing respectively Hwalhyulsungjang-san 2.5%, Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%, KC101 5.0%, and KC101 10.0%, and the other group were fed an AIN-diet containing neither Hwalhyulsungjang-san nor KC101 as a control. Study of each group used 2 rats and was repeated in 6 times. Body weight, daily weight gain, dietary intake, body length, femur length, backbone length and serum concentration of IGF-I and hemoglobin were measured. Result : 1. Body weight and daily weight gain of group D (KC101 10%) were highest; dietary intake of group D was also increased by 13% over the control group. 2. Average body length of group D was increased to 1.69cm, which was 3.2% over the control group. Backbone length of group D was also increased 4% compared to control group. 3. Serum concentration of IGF-I of group D increased 17% compared to control group. 4. Serum concentration of hemoglobin of group B (Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%) increased 8% compared to control group. Conclusion : This study showed that Hwalhyulsungjang-san and KC101 composed of oriental medicinal stuffs have effect on physical development in growing rats. There were not any statistical meaning compared to control group, but this study suggests that intake of these compounds from a young age may lead to increase physical development in growth.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2012

Full-scale static test was introduced for the KC-100 aircraft which is domestic civil aircraft to be certified for the first time. Test requirement, test frame, and important test stystems such as loading system, counterbalance system, restraint system and jacking system are explained in detail. Especially, the way to satisfy compliance for the installation of test article and loading system is introduced by using check sheets for the installations. 15 Full-scale and 7 local test conditions were successfully completed and the test data was obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.530-536
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• 2010

In-flight icing is a critical technical issue for aircraft safety and, in particular, ice accretions on aircraft surfaces can drastically impair aerodynamic performances and control authority. In order to investigate icing effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of KC-100 aircraft, a state-of-the-art CFD code, FENSAP-ICE, was used. A main wing section and full configuration of KC-100 aircraft were considered for the icing analysis. Also, shapes of iced area were calculated for the design of anti-/de-icing devices. The iced areas around leading edge of main wing and horizontal tail wing were observed maximum 7.07% and 11.2% of the chord length of wing section, respectively. In case of wind shield, 16.7% of its area turned out to be covered by ice. The lift of KC-100 aircraft were decreased to 64.3%, while the drag was increased to 55.2%.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2008

Purpose: This study, using a pre-posttest design of non-equivalence comparative groups, was done to determine effects of KC (kangaroo care) on weight and SH (stress hormone) of premature infants. Method: Participants were 31 premature infants assigned to KC(14) or CG(control group)(17). Data were collected from June 2006 to February 2007. KC was given for 60 minutes at a time, Mon, Wed, and Fri for a 10 times. Body weight was measured at a fixed time daily and serum cortisol was examined as part of routine blood testing, frequent for premature infants. Results: The weight for infants in the KC group was higher than the control. The difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 2 measurement times(F=12.7, p=.001). SH(cortisol) in infants of KC group decreased than CG, but there was no valid difference from the statistical viewpoint. Conclusion: The result of the study suggest that KC contributes to weight increase in premature infants and also that KC is effective for SH reduction in spite of the lack of statistical validity. Therefore, our conclusion is that KC can be used as an independent nursing intervention for development and advance of premature infants.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to determine whether local production of neutrophil chemoattractant cytokines preceded the influx of neutrophils 1311owing dermal scald burn injury. In order to inhibit the influx of neutrophils, we induced scald burn injury on dorsal skin of rats (TBSA 15%) and spread Rhubarb (R. undulatum L.) and complex (Rhubarb+Olibanum+Myrrha) on scald skin in rats. 1. Levels of dermal KC, the indicator of skin iuflammation, caused by burn gradually increased 5 hours, 24 hours (p<0.001) and 72 hours (p<0.001) after the burn occurred. After 24 hours it occurs, KC in skin was decreased by both skin spread of Rhubarb (p<0.05) and complex (p<0.05) compared to scald bum group. After 72 hours, KC by skin sp.end of Rhubarb and complex was significantly decreased (p<0.01), and the inhibition effect of KC production by complex is higher than by Rhubarb. 2. KC content in serum was increased (p<0.01) at 24 hours after burn injury and comes down back to the normal level after 72 hours. At 24 hours postbunt both Rhubarb (p<0.05) and complex (p<0.01) skin spread decreased KC in serum. The inhibition effect of KC production by complex skin spread group is higher than by Rhubarb skin spread group. The data suggest that the KC production effects by Rhubarb skin spread group and complex skin spread group are high. Especially the endurance of the effect by complex skin spread group was longer than by Rhubarb skin spread group. The inhibition effect of KC production by complex skin spread group increases more than by Rhubarb skin spread group as time passes.