• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.19-21
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• 2001

The Shiheung mine was closed in 1972 and has been abandoned since then. Although some restoration work has been done, there still remain mine failings in and around the mine, posing a potential environmental hazard. Mine tailings and the porewater extracted from the tailing were investigated to see any evidence of elemental release and migration to adjacent groundwater and soil in the field. The pHs of the tailing range from 6.24 to 7.23. Calcite in the studied area seems to influence on such neutral pH range. Depth profile of mine tailing demonstrate elements have been leached and removed as a consequence of weathering during disposal. This is also supported by the findings from porewater analysis, corresponding the trends in the mine tailings. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in the tailing porewater exceed the standard value of EPA for drinking water and this implies groundwater can be contaminated through infiltration of the porewaters, which ultimately will be discharged as leachate from the mine tailing. Groundwater samples collected near the mine area do not show high metal concentrations, except for Fe, which were detected over drinking water standard.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

Several mines including Namil, Solim and Jungbong which are located in the Gyeonggi and Kangwon province have been abandoned and closed since 1980 due to "The promotion policy of mining industry". An enormous amount of mining wastes was disposed without proper treatment, which caused soil pollution in tailing dam and ore-dressing plant areas. However, any quantitative assessment was not performed about soil and water pollution by transporting mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed according to leaching method which used 0.1 N HCl and total solution method which used Aqua-regia to recognize the ecological effect of distance from hot spot. We sampled tailings, rocky wastes and soils around the abandoned mine. Chemical and physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), soil texture and heavy metal concentration were analyzed. The range of soil's pH is between 4.3 and 6.4 in the tailing dam and oredressing plant area due to mining activity. Total concentrations of As, Cu, and Pb in soil near ore dressing plant area are 250.9, 249.3 and 117.2 mg/kg respectively, which are higher than any other ones near tailing dam area. Arsenic concentration in tailing dams is 31.0 mg/kg, which is also considered as heavily polluted condition comparing with the remediation required level(RRL) in "Soil environment conservation Act".

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

Several metalliferous and coal mines, including Seojin and Okdong located at the Kangwon province, were abandoned or closed since 1989 due to the mining industry promotion policy and thus disposed an enormous amount of mining wastes without a proper treatment facilities, resulting in water and soil pollution in the downstream areas. However, no quantitative assessment was made on soil and water pollution by the transport of mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, total and fractional concentrations of heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed and accordingly the degree of water and soil pollutions in the stream area were quantitatively assessed employing the several pollution indices. Concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils near the abandoned coal mine areas were 1,240.0, 25.0 and 1,093.0 mg/kg, respectively, and these concentrations were higher than those in soils near the closed metalliferous mine areas. Also Cu concentrations in soils near the tailing dams were about 1967 mg/kg, which is considered as very polluted level. Results demonstrated that soil at the abandoned mine areas were highly contaminated by AMO, tailing, and effluents of the mining wastes. Therefore, a prompt countermeasure on the mining waste treatment and remediation of the codntaminated water and soil should be made to the abandoned or closed metalliferous and coal mines located at the abandoned mine area.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권B호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

The tailings piled in abandoned mines are well-known potential sources of soil contamination. Hydrated limes were applied as cementing materials to solidify heavy metal contaminated tailings for the purpose of reducing their toxicity and migration rates. The optimum mixing ratio of tailings, hydrated lime, and water was determined through a preliminary test. The mixtures of mine tailings and hydrated lime solidified through pozzolanic reaction were tested for their durability against repeated freezing and thawing processes. After repeated freezing and thawing, the uniaxial compressive strengths of all the solidified mixture specimens decreased in comparison with those before test but still higher than $3.5kgf/cm^2$, the standard recommended for land reclamation solids by EPA(Environmental Protection Agency), which suggested that hydrated lime be a potential material to treat the abandoned mine tailings for the environmental purpose.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 1999

진곡광산의 광미와 주변 밭과 논의 토양에서의 중금속과 시안의 오염도에 대해 조사하였다. 광미 중의 As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn및 CN￣의 평균농도는 각각 3.94$\times$$10^3$, 14.3, 266, 6,13, 4.07$\times$$10^3$, 2.51$\times$$10^3$, 1.19mg/kg이었고 Kloke가 제안한 허용기준치를 이용한 오염지수는 32~58 이었으며 pH 는 약산성이었다. 토양오염공정시험법에 의한 중금속 농도는 광미와 인접한 일부 토양만을 제외하고는 토양환경보전법의 농경지 우려기준이하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

The extent of heavy metal pollution in agricultural in soils near the abandoned mine land site was investigated using their concentrations from the 47 sampling sites in B mine. Samples were prepared using 0.1N HCI - Korean Standard Methods - and then analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer. In addition, soil and mine tailing samples were sequentially extracted to investigate the chemical speciation of heavy metals in them. The soils in the vicinity of mining area are highly contaminated by heavy metals ranging up to 5.96mg Cd/kg, 253.3mg Cu/kg, 76.7mg Pb/kg, and 15.45 mg As/kg, according to the analysis of Korean Standard Methods. The heavy metal levels by the sequential extraction are much higher than its level by Korean Standard Methods, and little correlated with each other. Based on the results, it is suggested that the As pollution in agricultural soils near the AMLS should be dealt as of prior significance in establishing reclamation strategies for the area.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2020

본 연구는 국내 휴·폐금속광산 주변의 수은이 함유된 광물찌꺼기 처리 또는 수은으로 오염된 고형물질(토양, 퇴적물 등)의 정화를 위한 세척공법 적용성 평가를 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 수은을 함유한 광물찌꺼기에 대하여 입도분석과 단계별 추출시험을 실시하여 물리·화학적 특성을 고찰하고, 세척공법 적용성 평가를 위해 염산(HCl), 질산(HNO₃), 요오드화칼륨(KI) 및 티오황산나트륨(Na₂S₂O₃) 세척액을 활용한 실험실 규모의 세척시험을 실시하였다. 광물찌꺼기 시료의 입도분포는 #40 이하로 집중되며, #200 이하의 입도가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 단계별 추출시험 결과, 광물찌꺼기에는 원소 수은이 69.12%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있으며, 강한 결합 형태가 15.25%, 유기결합 및 잔류 형태 형태가 11.97%의 비율을 각각 차지하고 있었다. 광물찌꺼기에 함유된 수은의 세척 적용성을 검토한 결과, 질산(HNO₃)과 티오황산나트륨(Na₂S₂O₃)의 경우, 세척공법 적용성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 염산(HCl)의 경우 #200 이상의 입도에서 수은 제거가 가능한 것으로 분석되어 물리적 선별 공정이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 요오드화칼륨(KI)은 모든 농도와 입도에서 우수한 화학적 세척효율 보였다. 특히, 미세입자에서도 우수한 수은 제거 효율이 확인되어 세척공법 적용성이 가장 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2001

시흥광산은 1973년 폐장되었으며 1990년 초에 선광장 및 광미야적장에 있던 광미들을 제거한 후 그 자리에 소각장을 건설하는 폐광 복원사업을 실시하였다. 그러나 현재에도 광미가 완전히 제거되지 않았으며 광산 가동기간동안 많은 양의 광미가 주변 토양 및 논으로 이동, 퇴적된 것이 확인되는 바 광미와 물 반응으로 인한 침출수 형성과 주변 지하수 토양의 중금속 오염이 예상된다. 된 연구는 잔류광미와 물 반응에 따른 광산배수의 지구화학적 진화과정을 분석하고 주변 지하수 · 토양 오염 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 광미에서 추출한 공극수는 깊이에 따라 그 농도가 증가함을 보여 광미-불 반응을 통하여 지속적으로 중금속이 용출됨을 시사한다. 광미 중금속 용출은 공극수뿐 아니라 표면과 심부에서 각자 채취한 광미시료들간의 화학성분 차이에서도 확인된다. 광산 배수 기원지역과 하부 지역의 지하수 시료를 거리에 따라 채취, 분석한 결과 Cd, Pb 및 Zn 등은 국내 및 미국환경청 음용수 기준을 초과하며 광산배수의 영향을 받은 결과로 해석된다. 실내 회분식 시험 결과 원소들은 농도가 급격히 감소하는 것과 비교적 일정한 농도를 보이는 두 가지 양상을 보였으며 이는 일부 원소들이 평형농도에 도달하고 있기 때문으로 생각된다 회분식 시험에 사용한 증류수의 평균 pH는 6.5∼7.0의 범위로 이를 pH 4로 조정한 결과 원소들의 용출량이 급격히 증가하였다. 본 지역의 잔류광미는 지속적으로 주변의 지하수와 토양을 오염시킬 것으로 판단되며 이는 산성비등의 영향으로 인하여 급격히 증가할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2003

연구의 목적은 광산활동에 의해 발생된 폐재에 의해 오염된 토양에 포함된 중금속의 존재형태와 용출특성에 대하여 비교 분석하는데 있다. 실험에 이용된 중금속 존재형태 분류는 다섯가지로 adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic과 residual 형태로 나누었다. 토양내 유기물의 함량 정도는 상동광산에서 발생된 광미가 석탄폐재보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 오염된 토양의 중금속 용출 실험에 의하면 석탄폐석과 광미내의 카드뮴의 경우 낮은 용출량을 보였으며, 대부분이 reduciblel fraction에서 용출된 것으로 관찰되었다 상동광산에서 발생된 광미에 포함된 니켈은 혐기성 상황이 되면 총량의 약 46.4％가 용출될 것으로 사료되며, 구리의 경우 약 39.4%가 용출될 것으로 판단된다. pH 3.0과 pH 5.6의 용출조건하에서 석탄 폐석과 광미의 용출랑의 점진적인 증가는 30분안에 이루어졌으며, 광미의 경우 니켈은 pH 3.0과 pH 5.6에서 용출 3시간까지 계속 증가되는 상태를 보였다.