• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.8B
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• pp.910-920
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• 2011

In a heterogeneous wireless environment, a variety of Radio Access Technologies (RATs) coexist. Since the number of RATs is anticipated to increase in the near future, it is desirable to have radio and network resources managed in a cooperative manner using the Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) strategy. In order to make RAT-specific radio resources manageable in CRRM, this paper proposes the Analytical Network Process (ANP) based resource management scheme that efficiently allocates resources among heterogeneous wireless networks. The proposed ANP-based method is flexible enough to be used in any network environment and can consider a multitude of decision factors. In addition, the proposed scheme uses a radio bandwidth model, which properly reflects transmission rates under given channel conditions, as the actual radio resources to be allocated. The model considers the AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) scheme that is widely used in current broadband wireless access technologies, and thus, packet service characteristics, such as response time, can be analyzed. The effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by implementing a number of existing factors on heterogeneous networks environment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2021

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) are the major enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 and NOX4 are expressed in the heart but its role in hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. This study investigated the effect of NOX on ANP secretion induced by hypoxia in isolated beating rat atria. The results showed that hypoxia significantly upregulated NOX4 but not NOX2 expression, which was completely abolished by endothelin-1 (ET-1) type A and B receptor antagonists BQ123 (0.3 μM) and BQ788 (0.3 μM). ET-1-upregulated NOX4 expression was also blocked by antagonists of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2; varespladib, 5.0 μM) and cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2; CAY10650, 120.0 nM), and ET-1-induced cPLA2 expression was inhibited by varespladib under normoxia. Moreover, hypoxia-increased ANP secretion was evidently attenuated by the NOX4 antagonist GLX351322 (35.0 μM) and inhibitor of ROS N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (NAC, 15.0 mM), and hypoxia-increased production of ROS was blocked by GLX351322. In addition, hypoxia markedly upregulated Src expression, which was blocked by ET receptors, NOX4, and ROS antagonists. ET-1-increased Src expression was also inhibited by NAC under normoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) were completely abolished by Src inhibitor 1 (1.0 μM), and hypoxia-increased GATA4 was inhibited by the ERK1/2 and Akt antagonists PD98059 (10.0 μM) and LY294002 (10.0 μM), respectively. However, hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was substantially inhibited by Src inhibitor. These results indicate that NOX4/Src modulated by ET-1 regulates ANP secretion by activating ERK1/2 and Akt/GATA4 signaling in isolated beating rat hypoxic atria.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1989

Responses of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone and renin release to acute volume expansion were compared in normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) fed low or high-sodium diet (2 or 25 mmol Na/100 g diet). Experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks from 7-week-old and the growth rate was similar in all groups. In the morning of the experiment, catheters were inserted under ether anesthesia in femoral artery for pressure recording and blood collection, femoral vein for saline infusion, and bladder for urine collection. Then, the rats were placed in restraining cages. When the rats were recovered from anesthesia and the arterial pressure became stabilized, control urine and blood samples were collected. Then, 0.9% saline was infused for 30 min for volume expansion (3% BW). Arterial pressure was significantly higher in the high-sodium SHR but there was no difference between the two groups of Wistar rats. Control plasma levels of Na, K, ANP, renin activity, and hematocrit were not different among the 4 groups. However, plasma aldosterone level was significantly higher in the low-sodium groups. Wistar low-sodium rats showed approximately two times higher plasma aldosterone level than the SHR counterpart. Volume expansion produced a marked increase in plasma ANP level, especially in the high-sodium groups. The low-sodium groups of both strains showed approximately two-fold increase in plasma ANP level. Following a volume expansion plasma aldosterone level and renin activity decreased in all groups. There was a significant logarithmic positive correlation between plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. The low-sodium rats produced a greater increase in aldosterone release by small increase in plasma renin than did the high-sodium rats. The low- and high-sodium rats produced a similar degree of diuresis and natriuresis after volume expansion. However, SHR produced a greater natriuresis than did the Wistar rats. The above results indicate that regulatory mechanisms of ANP, aldosterone and renin release are different between the normotensive and hypertensive rats, and between the low- and high-sodium groups.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2011

Recently, the world faces a global environmental crisis by the increase of energy consumption and global warming. Since the crisis directly affects political, economic, social, and environmental areas, many countries prepare Green ICT policy to overcome it. However, although Green IT policy provides many benefits by solving environmental pollution and increasing energy efficiency, Korean government did not prepare measures by the policy. The purpose of this study is to suggest priorities of political goals for maximizing the efficiency after introducing Green ICT policy in Korea. Major variables are drawn for the analysis, and they are eco-friendliness, technology evolution, economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and stable supply of energy. The variables are suggested based on 'Low Carbon, Green Growth Act', then the survey was conducted to policy expert using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and ANP(Analytic Network Process) for prioritizing variables. As a result of the AHP, it is derived in the order of eco-friendliness, technology evolution, economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and stable supply of energy. The ANP result shows in the order of technology evolution, energy efficiency, economic efficiency, eco-friendliness, and stable supply of energy. The research is conducted to analyze the priorities of goals for Green IT policy, and the analysis results are possible to use as a practical guideline for establishing associated policies in the future.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

Technology assessment is one of the most challenging decision making areas that companies face nowadays. According to increase the importance of technology selection, it has been a main issue for the decision makers whether an appropriate technology selection will be successful or not. Therefore, in this study, a technology assessment model using BSC and ANP method was proposed. The technology assessment model consist of three phase. In first phase, various factors, that have an influence on technology assessment, were taken into consideration. Based on the extracted BSC process, the strategies and critical success factors and performance measures were extracted for selecting the technology. And in second phase, the ANP method used to integrate opinions of experts' and evaluate technology alternatives controls tangible and intangible criteria, allows for more complex inter-relationship among decision levels and deals with ambiguity involved in the assessment process. In the lase phase, according to the result of before phase, decision makers select the appropriate technology. Furthermore, the proposed model was applied in the public service for validating the feasibility of the assessment model. The criteria and proposed performance measures informs the method and focus areas for developing the technology. Furthermore, the assessment model can be applied to the other area, and give the objectivity and rationality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.651-652
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2009

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.128-133
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• 2005

Ash of Anadarac tegillarca granosa shell was used for preparation of calcium lactate and calcium citrate, and improvement of their purity was carried out by using ammonium chloride process (ACP) and ammonium nitrate process (ACP). Purity of calcium lactate and calcium citrate made by the reaction of ash of Anadarac tegillarca granosa shell with lactic acid solution and with citric acid solution was 94.35-96.72 and $87.58-93.06\%$, respectively. However, purity of calcium lactate and calcium citrate prepared with purified calcium carbonate pre-purified from the ash of Anadarac fegiliarca granosa shell using ACP and ANP method was 99.53-100.34 and $99.32-99.88\%$, respectively. The purity of these calcium products were higher than those of calcium lactate and calcium citrate made with ash of Anadarac tegillarca granosa shell. Whiteness of calcium lactate and calcium citrate prepared with purified calcium carbonate pre-purified using ACP and ANP method was 94.8-98.5 and 99.4-101.5, respectively. Whiteness of these calcium products was higher than that of calcium lactate (91.8) and calcium citrate (92.9) made with the ash of Anadarac tegillarca granosa shell. Therefore, we estimated that calcium lactate and calcium citrate prepared with purified calcium carbonate using ACP and ANP method could be used potentially as a food additive for calcium supplement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2003

Oriental pear was used as treatment of asthma, control of blood pressure tonic medicine vasoactio, diabetes in oriental medicine. In this study, it was investigated that pear pectin effects on cardiovascular system as blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma, cardiac hypertrophy. The experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were then divided into four groups, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and the control, pear pectin and apple pectin solutions were supplied with them. The blood pressure was more decreased in pear pectin 10 mg/kg than in apple pectin. The plasma ANP was decreased in pear pectin 10 mg/kg, and renin was increased in same concentration of drug. Cardiac hypertrophy had a tendency to decrease in pear pectin 15 mg/kg, but was not statistically significant compared to control group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

This paper analyzes the relative efficiency of Korea's logistics industry with the DEA-ANP model from 2003 to 2005. To measure the efficiency, this paper used the numbers of employees, fixed assets. total capital. and operating costs as input factors and sales amounts and net incomes as output factors. The average efficiency score of the entire logistics industry is 0.175, so most logistics companies in Korea should improve their current inefficiencies. The industry with the highest efficiency score is marine transportation. with an average three-year efficiency score of 0.3692. In terms of sales and high efficiency. most of the highest-ranked companies belong to the marine transportation industry, so marine transportation has the most influence on raising the efficiency score of Korea's logistics industry. To improve the inefficiency of inputs that exists overall in the logistics industry it is necessary to control excessive numbers of employees. To improve the amount of sales, it is necessary to make a policy of satisfying various logistics demands, continuous investments, and attracting foreign logistics demand: such things will help strengthen the international competitiveness of Korea's logistics industry.