• Title/Summary/Keyword: ASPECT

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Effects of Lexical Aspect on the Interlanguage of Ibibio ESL Learners: Later than Sooner

  • Willie, Willie U.
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.43
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    • pp.459-483
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    • 2016
  • The main objective of this paper is to test the major prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis on interlanguage narratives collected from 171 Ibibio ESL learners in a classroom setting using sets of picture stories. Aspect Hypothesis predicts that lexical aspectual classes of verbs would determine the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology at the very early stages of L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology. That is, telic verbs would be marked with the past tense-aspect verbal morphology before atelic verbs in the interlanguage of ESL learners irrespective of their L1 background. The results of our data analyses show a significant effect from the lexical aspect on the acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology with chi-square statistics of ($x^2=196.92$,df = 6, n = 1664, p = <.0001). However, the effect of the lexical aspect is shown to be more prominent among Ibibio ESL learners at higher levels of proficiency. This is contrary to the prediction regarding Aspect Hypothesis. The paper concludes that the influence of the lexical aspect on the pattern of acquisition and distribution of tense-aspect morphology may be universal but the actual point along the developmental pathway when such influence is obtainable is yet to be determined. This calls for more research into the pattern of the L2 acquisition of tense-aspect verbal morphology.

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Using BERT: Developing Aspect Category Sentiment Classification Models (BERT를 활용한 속성기반 감성분석: 속성카테고리 감성분류 모델 개발)

  • Park, Hyun-jung;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2020
  • Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task that analyzes the sentiments consumers or the public feel about an arbitrary object from written texts. Furthermore, Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained analysis of the sentiments towards each aspect of an object. Since having a more practical value in terms of business, ABSA is drawing attention from both academic and industrial organizations. When there is a review that says "The restaurant is expensive but the food is really fantastic", for example, the general SA evaluates the overall sentiment towards the 'restaurant' as 'positive', while ABSA identifies the restaurant's aspect 'price' as 'negative' and 'food' aspect as 'positive'. Thus, ABSA enables a more specific and effective marketing strategy. In order to perform ABSA, it is necessary to identify what are the aspect terms or aspect categories included in the text, and judge the sentiments towards them. Accordingly, there exist four main areas in ABSA; aspect term extraction, aspect category detection, Aspect Term Sentiment Classification (ATSC), and Aspect Category Sentiment Classification (ACSC). It is usually conducted by extracting aspect terms and then performing ATSC to analyze sentiments for the given aspect terms, or by extracting aspect categories and then performing ACSC to analyze sentiments for the given aspect category. Here, an aspect category is expressed in one or more aspect terms, or indirectly inferred by other words. In the preceding example sentence, 'price' and 'food' are both aspect categories, and the aspect category 'food' is expressed by the aspect term 'food' included in the review. If the review sentence includes 'pasta', 'steak', or 'grilled chicken special', these can all be aspect terms for the aspect category 'food'. As such, an aspect category referred to by one or more specific aspect terms is called an explicit aspect. On the other hand, the aspect category like 'price', which does not have any specific aspect terms but can be indirectly guessed with an emotional word 'expensive,' is called an implicit aspect. So far, the 'aspect category' has been used to avoid confusion about 'aspect term'. From now on, we will consider 'aspect category' and 'aspect' as the same concept and use the word 'aspect' more for convenience. And one thing to note is that ATSC analyzes the sentiment towards given aspect terms, so it deals only with explicit aspects, and ACSC treats not only explicit aspects but also implicit aspects. This study seeks to find answers to the following issues ignored in the previous studies when applying the BERT pre-trained language model to ACSC and derives superior ACSC models. First, is it more effective to reflect the output vector of tokens for aspect categories than to use only the final output vector of [CLS] token as a classification vector? Second, is there any performance difference between QA (Question Answering) and NLI (Natural Language Inference) types in the sentence-pair configuration of input data? Third, is there any performance difference according to the order of sentence including aspect category in the QA or NLI type sentence-pair configuration of input data? To achieve these research objectives, we implemented 12 ACSC models and conducted experiments on 4 English benchmark datasets. As a result, ACSC models that provide performance beyond the existing studies without expanding the training dataset were derived. In addition, it was found that it is more effective to reflect the output vector of the aspect category token than to use only the output vector for the [CLS] token as a classification vector. It was also found that QA type input generally provides better performance than NLI, and the order of the sentence with the aspect category in QA type is irrelevant with performance. There may be some differences depending on the characteristics of the dataset, but when using NLI type sentence-pair input, placing the sentence containing the aspect category second seems to provide better performance. The new methodology for designing the ACSC model used in this study could be similarly applied to other studies such as ATSC.

A Comparative Study on Dietary Culture Consciousness- of Rural and Urban Housewives (농촌과 도시주부의 식문화의식에 대한 비교 연구)

  • 박영자;이승교
    • Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to compare dietary culture consciousness of rural and urban housewives through a nationwide survey. Interviewers interviewed 500 housewives(250 in rural and 250 in urban) using closed-ended questions. The dietary culture consciousness was divided into two parts of traditional aspect (dietary habit and ritual diet) and desirable aspect (food choice and nutrition knowledge). Each domain consisted of six items. Results of the study are summarized as fellows : 1) As a whole, dietary culture consciousness of rural housewives was more traditional than that of urban housewives in traditional aspect, and there was no difference of consciousness between rural and urban housewives in desirable aspect. 2) There was significant difference at 1% level between two groups in traditional aspect and there was no difference in desirable aspect. 3) By the analysis of each item, there was significant difference between two groups in 14 items. Especially, the item of westernized breakfast pattern was more acceptable in urban housewives than in rural. 4) In relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of housewives and dietary consciousness of them, age, educational level and religion of housewife were significant in traditional aspect, and so were educational level and job experience of housewives in desirable aspect. Dietary consciousness of rural housewives' was influenced by job experience (in traditional aspect) and age of housewives and level of living (in desirable aspect) In the case of urban housewives, level of living was significant in traditional aspect.

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Biomass and Energy Content of Quercus mongolica Stands in Gwangyang and Jeju Areas (광양 및 제주 지역 신갈나무림의 바이오매스와 에너지량)

  • Kwon, Ki-Cheol;Lee, Don Koo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.54-65
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to examine the biomass and energy content of 60- to 70-year-old Quercus mongolica stand facing northern and southern aspect in Mt. Baekwoon (800 m above sea level), Gwangyang, Jeollanam-do and in Mt. Halla (1,000 m above sea level), Jeju-do. The total biomass was 288.4 ton/ha in northern aspect and 241.9 ton/ha in southern aspect of Mt. Baekwoon while 368.4 ton/ha in northern aspect and 364.3 ton/ha in southern aspect of Mt. Halla. Annual net production was 20.7 ton/ha/yr in northern aspect and 17.7 ton/ha/yr in southern aspect of Mt. Baekwoon while 19.0 ton/ha/yr in northern aspect and 21.2 ton/ha/yr in southern aspect of Mt. Halla. Total biomass and annual net production of Mt. Halla were greater than those of Mt. Baekwoon. The net assimilation rate (NAR) was 5.05 in northern aspect and 4.09 in southern aspect of Mt. Baekwoon, while 4.60 in northern aspect and 3.66 in southern aspect of Mt. Halla, Total energy content was 5,666 GJ/ha in northern aspect and 4,793 GJ/ha in southern aspect of Mt. Baekwoon while 6,550 GJ/ha in northern aspect and 6,435 GJ/ha in southern aspect of Mt. Halla. Annual energy content was 365 GJ/ha/yr in northern aspect and 360 GJ/ha/yr in southern aspect of Mt. Baekwoon while 351 GJ/ha/yr in northern aspect and 347 GJ/ha/yr in southern aspect of Mt. Halla. Annual energy content of Mt. Baekwoon was greater than that of Mt. Halla.

In situ side-aspect target strength of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in northwestern Pacific Ocean (북서 태평양 멸치(Japanese anchovy)에 대한 측면 음향 반사강도 특성)

  • Lee, Hyung-Been;Kang, Don-Hyug
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.248-256
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    • 2010
  • Acoustic side-aspect target strength (TS) of living Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) was measured at 120kHz during in situ experiments. The data were collected by lowering and horizontally projecting the splitbeam transducer into the anchovy school. For analysis and interpretation of the side-aspect TS data, acoustic theoretical model, based on the fish morphology, and dorsal-aspect TS data were used. Total length of the anchovy ranged from 6.6 to 12.8cm (mean length 9.3cm). The side-aspect TS distributed between -40 and -55dB, has an obvious length dependency. The mean side-aspect TS of the anchovy was -47.8dB, and the TS was about 2dB higher than mean TS generated from dorsal-aspect measurements. With reference to maximum TS, the results of the side-aspect TS were distributed within the range of the theoretical and dorsal-aspect TS. Apparently these tendency indicates that side-aspect TS measured from the study is useful data. These in situ measurements of side-aspect TS can be applied to improve acoustic detection and estimates of the anchovy, and is necessary to measure with a various frequency and length for making enhance data.

A technique to avoid aspect-ratio locking in QUAD8 element for extremely large aspect-ratios

  • Rajendran, S.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.633-648
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    • 2011
  • This paper investigates the aspect-ratio locking of the isoparametric 8-node quadrilateral (QUAD8) element. An important finding is that, if finite element solution is carried out with in exact arithmetic (i.e., with no truncation and round off errors), the locking tendency of the element is completely avoided even for aspect-ratios as high as 100000. The current finite element codes mostly use floating point arithmetic. Thus, they can only avoid this locking for aspect-ratios up to 100 or 1000. A novel method is proposed in the paper to avoid aspect-ratio locking in floating point computations. In this method, the offending terms of the strain-displacement matrix (i.e., $\mathbf{B}$-matrix) are multiplied by suitable scaling factors to avoid ill-conditioning of stiffness matrix. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. The examples reveal that aspect-ratio locking is avoided even for aspect-ratios as high as 100000.

Aspect Dynamic Weaver Architecture Design using Hook and Decorator Pattern (훅과 Decorator 패턴을 이용한 Aspect 동적 위버 아키텍처 설계)

  • Kim, Jin-Hyung;Song, Young-Jae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2005.07b
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    • pp.400-402
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    • 2005
  • 동적 Aspect 프로그래밍(Aspect-Oriented Programming : AOP)은 로깅과 같은 비 기능적인 부분을 모듈화할 수 있도록 해주는 새로운 프로그래밍 기법이다. AOP는 절러 클래스에 영향을 미치는 행위들을 재사용 가능하도록 Aspect로 캡슐화 시켜준다. 기존의 Aspect 위버(weaver)에서는 Aspect를 위빙 할 경우, 새로운 서비스나 메소드를 추가하고자 한다면 서브클래스를 별도로 상속을 해주어야하며, 이로 인해 코드의 라인수가 증가되며, 수행 시간도 느려지게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 동적 Aspect 위버 상에 Decorator 패턴을 적용하여 별도의 서브클래스를 상속하지 않고, 필요한 메소드만을 추가하여 위빙시키고, Aspect의 join point에 훅(hook)을 첨가하여 불필요한 메소드의 실행을 제거해준다. 이로 인해 수행속도와 재사용성을 증가시킬 수 있게 된다.

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Connector for Dynamic Composition of Aspects Based on AOSD (AOSD기반에서 Aspect의 동적결합을 위한 Connector)

  • Kim Tae-Woong;Kim Tae-Gong
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.13D no.2 s.105
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2006
  • Aspect-Oriented Software Development is new software development method. It has many advantages related to software performance, maintenance and repair. Also it offers modularization method to a existing programming language for secondary function such as security and fault tolerance. But the present problem is that we have to use new aspect-oriented programming language. Further more when we apply Aspect to legacy system, we have to recompile the source code in order to build software system based on AOSD. In this paper, we propose and design Connector that can be composed with Aspect in legacy system dynamically. To elaborate this work, we use the information of operations about Core and Aspect, and the information of pointcut described with XML. We validate that the proposed Connector has features such as no need of new compiler, no recompilation and no modification of legacy system through case study.

A Case Study of Integration Assessment of Environmental Aspect and Cost Aspect Based on GHG Emission for Design Alternative Selection of a Railway Vehicle (철도차량 설계대안 선정에 대한 GHG 배출량 기반 환경 경제성 통합평가 사례연구)

  • Choi, Yo-Han;Lee, Cheul-Kyu;Lee, Jae-Young;Kim, Yong-Ki;Jung, Woo-Sung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.606-612
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    • 2011
  • At the product design and development stage, the main criteria selecting a design alternative were performance aspect as well as cost aspect of a product. Ongoing new paradigm shifts such as low carbon green growth, climate change mitigation, sustainable society development urged considering environmental aspect of a product at the product design and development stage. Up to recently, only cost aspect except performance of a product was considered at the railway vehicle design process. Therefore, it is needed to develop a method that may consider environmental aspect of a product at the railway vehicle design process. Lee (2011) proposed that a method of an integration assessment of environmental aspect and cost aspect based on GHG emission instead of based on monetary value. This study conducted that apply the method of Lee (2011) to design alternative selection process of a railway vehicle. From the integrated view of environmental and cost aspect, the reference product and design alternatives are assessed and compared.

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