• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ablation

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A study on the fabrication of heatable glass using conductive metal thin film on Low-e glass (로이유리의 전도성 금속박막을 이용한 발열유리 제작에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Chaegon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2018
  • This paper proposes a method for fabricating heatable glass using the conduction characteristics of metal thin films deposited on the surface of Low-e(Low emissivity) glass. The heating value of Low-e glass depends on the Joule heat caused by Low-e glass sheet resistance. Hence, its prediction and design are possible by measuring the sheet resistance of the material. In this study, silver electrodes were placed at 50 mm intervals on a soft Low-e glass sample with a low emissivity layer of 11 nm. This study measured the sheet resistance using a 4-point probe, predicted the power consumption and heating value of the Low-e glass, and confirmed the heating performance through fabrication and experience. There are two conventional methods for manufacturing heatable glass. One is a method of inserting nichrome heating wire into normal glass, and the other is a method of depositing a conductive transparent thin film on normal glass. The method of inserting nichrome heating wire is excellent in terms of the heating performance, but it damages the transparency of the glass. The method for depositing a conductive transparent thin film is good in terms of transparency, but its practicality is low because of its complicated process. This paper proposes a method for manufacturing heatable glass with the desired heating performance using Low-e glass, which is used mainly to improve the insulation performance of a building. That is by emitting a laser beam to the conductive metal film coated on the entire surface of the Low-e glass. The proposed method is superior in terms of transparency to the conventional method of inserting nichrome heating wire, and the manufacturing process is simpler than the method of depositing a conductive transparent thin film. In addition, the heat characteristics were compared according to the patterning of the surface thin film of the Low-e glass by an emitting laser and the laser output conditions suitable for Low-e glass.

Clinical Cases Analysis of Forearm Free Fasciocutaneous Flaps on Oral Cavity Defect Area (구강 결손부에 적용된 요골 유리전완 피부피판 적용례 분석)

  • Kim, Uk-Kyu;Lee, Kwang-Ho;Song, Won-Wook;Hwang, Dae-Seok;Kim, Yong-Deok;Shin, Sang-Hun;Kim, Jong-Ryoul;Chung, In-Kyo
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.324-331
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    • 2010
  • The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a workhorse flap as a means of reconstructing surgical defects in the head and neck region. We have transferred 12 RFFFs with fasciocutaneous type on oral cavity defects in 12 patients after cancer resection and submucous fibrotic lesion ablation from 2005 to 2007 at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed retrospectively patients' charts and followed up the patients. Clinical analysis on the cases with RFFFs focusing on flap morbidity, indications and available vessels was done. The results of study are follows: 1. RFFF could be applied for all kind of defects after resection of tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, denuded bone of palate, maxilla, and mandible. 2. All free flaps could be used for primary reconstruction. The survival rate of 12 RFFFs was 92%. Partial marginal loss of the flaps was shown as 3 cases among 12 cases. Large size-vessels like superior thyroid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein were favorable for microvascular anastomosis. 3. Parenteral nutrition instead of nasal L-tube also can be favorable for postoperative a week for better healing of the flap if the patients couldn't be tolerable with nasal tubing. 4. Donor sites with thigh skin graft were repaired with wrist band for 2 weeks. The complications included scarring, abnormal sensation on hand, and reduced grip strength in few patients, but those didn't induce major side effects. 5. Most RFFFs were well healed even if mortality rate of cancer patients was shown as 50% (5/10 persons). The mortality of patients was not correlated with morbidity of the flaps. We could identify the usefulness of RFFF for restoration of oral function, esthetics if the flap design, tissue transfer indications, and well controlled operation are proceeded.

Revealing the Spatial Distribution of Inorganic Elements in Rice Grains

  • Jeon, Ji Suk;Choi, Sung Hwa;Lee, Ji Yeon;Kim, Ji A;Yang, Young Mi;Song, Eun Ji;Kim, Jae Sung;Yang, Jung Seok;Kim, Kyong Su;Yoo, Jong Hyun;Kim, Hai Dong;Park, Kyung Su
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.11
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    • pp.3289-3293
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    • 2014
  • Femtosecond laser ablation (fs LA) was used in this study to identify pollution by heavy metals and the distribution of elemental nutrients at different rice milling ratios. Polished rice (degrees of milling of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) was collected from major Korean supermarkets and one sample thereof was selected. An internal quality control experiment was conducted using a rice flour certified reference material from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS CRM) for the evaluation of the efficacy. To assess the effectiveness of the analysis method, the reliability was validated using a food analysis performance assessment scheme (FAPAS), with chili powder serving as an external quality control. The results of the analysis of the inorganic elements Ti, Ca, Al, Fe and Mn in white and brown rice with degrees of milling of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 using ICP-MS, ICP-OES and AAS revealed contents of 0.40, 49.2, 2.43, 5.36 and 10.3 mg/kg in white rice and 0.59, 78.0, 7.52, 11.0 and 18.5 mg/kg in brown rice, respectively. Among the elements, there were remarkable differences in the measured contents. By comparing the contents of the elements at different degrees of milling, Ti, Co, As, Ca, Al, Cu, Fe, and Mn were determined to be distributed on the surface of the rice grains, whereas the contents of Cd and Pb increased toward the center of the rice grains, and Si was evenly distributed. After the quantitative analysis of rice samples polished to different degrees of milling, Ca and Al, which were contained in large amounts, and Si were analyzed with specificity by fs LA. The results show that Ca and Al were distributed in the rice husk (protective covering of rice) and Si was distributed in all parts of the rice.

Synchronous Double Primary Cancers of Lung and Liver (폐와 간의 동시성 원발성 중복암)

  • Lim, So Yeon;Sim, Yun Su;Lee, Jin Hwa;Kim, Tae-Hun;Ryu, Yon Ju;Chun, Eun Mi;Kim, Yoo Kyung;Lee, Jung Kyong;Sung, Sun Hee;Ahn, Jae Ho;Chang, Jung Hyun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.62 no.4
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    • pp.318-322
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    • 2007
  • Although reports of multiple primary malignant tumors have increased recently, cases of synchronous double primary tumors of lung and liver are rare. A 73-year-old man suffered from chronic cough. His chest x-ray showed segmental atelectasis of the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed a mass occluding the orifice of the anterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe, and a biopsy showed a squamous cell carcinoma. A synchronous hepatic mass was found by ultrasonography. However, F18-FDG-PET showed no evidence of a distant metastasis. The liver biopsy revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma. A right upper lobe lobectomy and a sleeve resection were performed for the lung cancer, and radiofrequency ablation was performed for the hepatocellular carcinoma.

Molecular Signatures of Sinus Node Dysfunction Induce Structural Remodeling in the Right Atrial Tissue

  • Roh, Seung-Young;Kim, Ji Yeon;Cha, Hyo Kyeong;Lim, Hye Young;Park, Youngran;Lee, Kwang-No;Shim, Jaemin;Choi, Jong-Il;Kim, Young-Hoon;Son, Gi Hoon
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.408-418
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    • 2020
  • The sinus node (SN) is located at the apex of the cardiac conduction system, and SN dysfunction (SND)-characterized by electrical remodeling-is generally attributed to idiopathic fibrosis or ischemic injuries in the SN. SND is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including syncope, heart failure, and atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. One of the histological SND hallmarks is degenerative atrial remodeling that is associated with conduction abnormalities and increased right atrial refractoriness. Although SND is frequently accompanied by increased fibrosis in the right atrium (RA), its molecular basis still remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether SND can induce significant molecular changes that account for the structural remodeling of RA. Towards this, we employed a rabbit model of experimental SND, and then compared the genome-wide RNA expression profiles in RA between SND-induced rabbits and sham-operated controls to identify the differentially expressed transcripts. The accompanying gene enrichment analysis revealed extensive pro-fibrotic changes within 7 days after the SN ablation, including activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and alterations in the levels of extracellular matrix components and their regulators. Importantly, our findings suggest that periostin, a matricellular factor that regulates the development of cardiac tissue, might play a key role in mediating TGF-β-signaling-induced aberrant atrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable information regarding the molecular signatures underlying SND-induced atrial remodeling, and indicates that periostin can be potentially used in the diagnosis of fibroproliferative cardiac dysfunctions.

Current Trends and Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • Wang, Chun-Hsiang;Wey, Keh-Cherng;Mo, Lein-Ray;Chang, Kuo-Kwan;Lin, Ruey-Chang;Kuo, Jen-Juan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.9
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    • pp.3595-3604
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    • 2015
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), descarboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.

The Changes of Thyroid Function after Subtotal Thyroidectomy in Diffuse Toxic Goiter(Graves' Disease) (미만성 갑상선중독증(그레이브씨병)의 갑상선 아전절제술 후 갑상선 기능의 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Song Eun-Young;Kim Sung-Bae;Kim Sang-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.60-64
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    • 2002
  • Objectives: Three classic treatment modalities have been used to treat Graves' disease: antithyroid medication, radioiodine ablation, and subtotal thyroidectomy. Postoperative thyroid functions were studied in patients with Graves' disease treated by subtotal thyroidectomy to evaluate the superiority of surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred fourty patients of Graves' disease were analysed retrospectively in follow-up for more than three years following subtotal thyroidectomy. Postoperative serum levels of $T_3,\;T_4, TSH, TSH-R Ab, free $T_4$, were evaluated to watch hypo- or hyperthyroidsm. Results: In the evaluation of preop- and postoperative thyroid function after three years of subtotal thyroidectomy, $T_3$ was changed from $464.10{\pm}196.16ng/dl$ to $140.41{\pm}76.56ng/dl$ in mean value, $T_4$ was changed from $20.76{\pm}7.98{\mu}g/dl$ to $9.54{\pm}4.02{\mu}g/dl$, $TSHT_3$ was changed from $0.55{\pm}4.42{\mu}u/ml$ to $4.96{\pm}7.20{\mu}u/ml$, TSH-R Ab was changed from $41.6{\pm}28.27%$ to $28.7{\pm}28.79%$ and free $T_4$ was changed from $4.45{\pm}2.33ng/dl$ to $1.44{\pm}0.69ng/dl$ in mean value. Euthyroidism was noted in 118 patients(84.3%), overt hyperthyroidism in 6 patiens(4.3%), latent hyperthyroidism in 8 patients(5.7%), overt hypothyroidism in 2 patint(1.4%), and latent hypothyroidism in 6 patients(4.3%). Of surgical complications, permanant hypoparathyroidism was found in one patient, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in two patients, postoprative bleeding with reoperation in two patients, and death in one patient. Conclusion: The thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy in diffuse toxic goiter is normal level (euthyroidism) in 84.3% and low recurrence rate of hyperthyroidism is showed with rare surgical complication. Therefore, subtotal thyroidectomy in diffuse toxic goiter is more effective and safe than RI or longterm ATD treatment, if the operation is performed by skillful surgeon.

Application of ultra-high-temperature ceramics to oxidation-resistant and anti-ablation coatings for carbon-carbon composite (탄소-탄소 복합재의 내삭마 내산화 코팅을 위한 초고온 세라믹스의 적용)

  • Kim, Hyun-Mi;Choi, Sung-Churl;Cho, Nam Choon;Lee, Hyung Ik;Choi, Kyoon
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.283-293
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    • 2019
  • As applications in extreme environments such as aerospace, high-energy plasma and radio-active circumstances increases, the demand for materials that require higher melting points, higher mechanical strength and improved thermal conductivity continues to increase. Accordingly, in order to improve the oxidation/abrasion resistance of the carbon-carbon composite, which is a typical heat-resistant material, a method of using ultra high temperature ceramics was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of CVD coating, pack cementation and thermal plasma spraying, the simplest methods for synthesizing ultra-high temperature ceramics, were compared. As a method for applying the CVD coating method to C/C composites with complex shapes, the possibility of using thermodynamic calculation and CFD simulation was proposed. In addition, as a result of comparing the oxidation resistance of the TaC/SiC bi-layer coating and TaC/SiC multilayer coating produced by this method, the more excellent oxidation resistance of the multilayer coating on C/C was confirmed.

Factors Predicting Early Release of Thyroid Cancer Patients from the Isolation Room after Radioiodine-131 Treatment

  • Fatima, Nosheen;Zaman, Maseeh uz;Zaman, Areeba;Zaman, Unaiza;Tahseen, Rabia;Shahid, Wajiha
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.125-129
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    • 2016
  • Background: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) who receive radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) are released from isolation when their dose rate is below the regulatory requirements. The purpose of this study was establish predicting factors for early release from the isolation facility after RAI administration in patients with DTC. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included 96 (58 females and 38 males) patients with DTC who had received RAI from April 2013 till August 2015. The study was duly approved by the ethical committee of the institute. Patients who had complete information of primary tumor size (PTS), serum TSH, stimulated thyroglobulin level [sTg] with antibodies (IU/ml) at the time of RAI treatment were included. All had a normal serum creatinine level. To attain lower effective half-life good hydration and administration of soft laxative were ensured. Dose rate was measured (immediately, 24 h and 36 h) at 1 meter distance from anterior mid trunk and a dose rate <$50{\mu}Sv/h$ was considered as the releasing criterion. At 24 h 50 patients were released while the remaining 46 patients were released at 36 h. A post-ablative whole body scan (PA-WBIS) was performed 5-8 days after RAI ablation in all patients. Results: Patients released after 24 h were significantly younger, had smaller lesions with higher proportion of papillary cancer, lower sTg, lower sTg/TSH ratio and had received a lower dose of RAI as comapred to those who were discharged after 36 h. Serum TSH and gender were not found to have any significant correlation between two cohorts. ROC and multivariate analysis have shown age ${\leq}37years$, PTS ${\leq}3.8cm$, $RAI{\leq}150mCi$, $sTg{\leq}145ng/ml$ and $sTg/TSH{\leq}1.085$ as strong indepedent predictors for early release. Conclusions: We conclude that younger age (${\leq}37years$), smaller tumor size (${\leq}3.8cm$), lower RAI dose (${\leq}150mCi$), lower sTg (${\leq}145ng/ml$) and a lower sTg/TSH ratio (${\leq}1.085$) are significant independent predictors for release at 24 h after RAI treatment in DTC patients. Effective utilization of these factors could help the treating physicians to use limited number of internment facilities with higher throughput, lower cost and lower psychological stress to patients.

Titanium Ions Released from Oral Casting Alloys May Contribute to the Symptom of Burning Mouth Syndrome

  • Park, Yang Mi;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Sunhee;Jeon, Hye-Mi;Heo, Jun-Young;Ahn, Yong-Woo;Ok, Soo-Min;Jeong, Sung-Hee
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Many metal ions released from dental casting alloys have been reported to influence the intraoral symptoms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary metal ion levels and the prosthetic duration as well as to evaluate the time-dependent morbid effects of metal ions in OLP and BMS patients. Methods: Three study groups consist of the following subjects respectively: 17 OLP patients, 12 BMS patients, and 12 patients without oral symptoms. The salivary concentrations of 13 metal ions (copper, cobalt, zinc, chromium, nickel, aluminum, silver, iron, titanium [Ti], platinum, tin, palladium, and gold) were measured by Laser Ablation Microprobe Inductively coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Results: The Ti ions had statistically significant differences among the groups with a prosthetic duration of less than 5 years. There were no significant differences between all ion levels among the groups wearing dental cast alloys for over 5 years. In the BMS group, the level of Ti ions in patients with prosthetic restorations less than 5 years old were significantly high (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the BMS group, 3-60 months during which salivary Ti levels were higher were matched with the duration of burning symptoms ($15.6{\pm}17.1months$). Furthermore, Ti ions were statistically high in the oral cavity of BMS patients fitted with dental casting alloys for 5 years. These results suggest that Ti ions released from dental implants and oral prostheses could attribute to burning sensation of BMS.