• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2013

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of $ZnSO_4$ $10{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or mashed-banana $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.417-430
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• 2021

Due to functional requirements, SRC column-RC beam abnormal joints with characteristics of strong beam weak column, variable column section, unequal beam height and staggered height exist in the Steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame-bent main building structure of thermal power plant (TPP). This paper presents the experimental results of these abnormal joints through cyclic loading tests on five specimens with scaling factor of 1/5. The staggered height and whether adding H-shaped steel in beam or not were changing parameters of specimens. The failure patterns, bearing capacity, energy dissipation and ductile performance were analyzed. In addition, the stress mechanism of the abnormal joint was discussed based on the diagonal strut model. The research results showed that the abnormal exterior joints occurred shear failure and column end hinge flexural failure; reducing beam height through adding H-shaped steel in the beam of abnormal exterior joint could improve the crack resistance and ductility; the abnormal interior joints with different staggered heights occurred column ends flexural failure; the joint with larger staggered height had the higher bearing capacity and stiffness, but lower ductility. The concrete compression strut mechanism is still applicable to the abnormal joints in TPP, but it is affected by the abnormal characteristics.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2024

Purpose: Alarm symptoms (red flag signs) are crucial indications for management decisions on pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. We aimed to identify items in the alarm symptoms and pre-endoscopic investigations that predict abnormal endoscopy results. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among children aged under 18 years undergoing endoscopy. The patients were classified into normal and abnormal endoscopic groups. The incidence of alarm symptoms and pre-endoscopic investigations were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for abnormal endoscopy. Results: Of 148 participants, 66 were classified in the abnormal endoscopy group. Compared with the normal group, the abnormal group had a significantly higher prevalence of alarm symptoms. Moreover, hematemesis/hematochezia, anemia, low hemoglobin level, hypoalbuminemia, rising erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased serum lipase, and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio were significantly higher in the abnormal endoscopy group than in the normal group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hematemesis/hematochezia and low hemoglobin level were independent risk factors for abnormal endoscopy. Conclusion: The alarm symptoms and pre-endoscopic investigations were evaluated using predictive factors for abnormal pediatric endoscopic findings. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, hematemesis/hematochezia and low hemoglobin levels were independent risk factors for abnormal endoscopy.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 1991

This study is concerned on the automation for cell diagnosis which has better objectivity and speed of test than human beings. Diagnosis is on the basis of shape change of abnormal Cells. Used parameters are nucleus area, nucleus perimeter, nucleus shape, cytoplasm area, nucleus/cytoplsm ratio, which was obtained using image processing technics. A new mode method is proposed on the automatic threshold selection for superior process time compared with Otsu's. Contour of the cytoplasm of abnormal cell is obtained using me- dian filter and sorel operator. The mask to get only original shape of abnormal cells is formed uslng the contour filling algorithm. In the result the normal cells are separated from the abnormal cells and the abnormal cells can be distinguished through screwing of abnormal cell's image with reference data to judge abnormal cells. Owing to this study the number of inspections which the pathologists should examine will be decreased and the time for inspection will be shortened.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 1995

Alternaria spp.were predominantly isolated from the abnormal leaf spot lesions of pear cultivars Niitaka and Nijiiseiki. Alternaria isolates from the cultivar Niitaka were not pathogenic to both cultivars, but the isolates from the cultivar Nijiiseiki developed typical lesions of black leaf spots and were identified as A. kikuchiana. However, no typical abnormal leaf spot lesions were produced by the Alternaria isolates. Foliar spray of twelve different agrochemicals including lime sulfur, either alone or in combinations, with 7 times applications from April to July failed to reduced the disease development. Application of 17 different pesticides including fungicides, insecticides and herbicides currently used in pear orchards did not cause leaf injury similar to the abnormal leaf spot. Simulated acid rain of as low as pH 3.0 did not incite any leaf lesions alike the abnormal spot lesions. Mineral contents in the leaves of both cultivars did not differ significantly between the healthy leaves and those with abnormal leaf spots. When cuttings of pear tree were obtained in February from newly emerged twigs of the healthy or the diseased trees of Niitaka and planted in sand in the greenhouse, only those from the diseased trees developed typical leaf lesions of the abnormal spot. These results indicate that abnormal leaf spots are caused by unknown systemic agents in pear trees, rather than by Alternaria spp., chemical injury or acid rain.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1995

Nature of graft transmissibility of pear abnormal leaf spot disease was examined by various grafting methods in the greenhouse and field. When the diseased and symptomless twigs were collected in winter and grafted in the next spring to the seed-originated healthy root stock, the abnormal leaf spot was developed only in the case of the diseased twigs. Double grafting on a seed-originated healthy root stock, where the diseased and the symptomless twigs were used as 1st and 2nd scions, respectively, developed abnormal leaf spot lesions without exception on the 2nd scions. Tongue-graft with the diseased and the symptomless trees also incited abnormal leaf spots on the both trees. Abnormal leaf spots of were also developed on HN-39, an indicator pear tree, used as a 2nd scion in a double graft test, where the diseased twig and a seed-originated healthy tree were used as the 1st scion and the root stock, respectively. When the diseased twig was top-grafted to the healthy root stock, lesion development of abnormal spot was limited to the grafted twig itself in the 1st year, but expanded to the main branches in the 2nd year, and spread over the whole tree in the 3rd year. This result indicates that the causal agent of abnormal leaf spot disease is transmitted by graft.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6405-6409
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• 2014

Background: To study the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology by Papanicolaou (Pap) technique in HIV-infected women who attended a HIV clinic at Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand. Materials and Methods: HIV-infected women who attended a HIV clinic at Prapokklao Hospital from March 2013 to February 2014 were recruited for anal Pap smears. Participants who had abnormal results of equally or over "abnormal squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance" (ASC-US) were classified as abnormal anal cytology. Results: A total of 590 anal Pap smears were performed at HIV clinic of Prapokklao Hospital during the study period. There were only 13 patients who had abnormal Pap tests, which were: 11 ASC-US and 2 HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). The prevalence of abnormal anal Pap smears in HIV-infected women who attended HIV clinic at Prapokklao Hospital was 2.2 percent. Percentage of high risk HPV in patients who had abnormal Pap test was 88.9 (8/9). Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal anal Papanicolaou smears in HIV-infected women who attended the HIV clinic at Prapokklao hospital was quite low in comparison to the earlier literature.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.813-829
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• 2022

Internal and external defects of eggs should be detected to prevent cross-contamination of intact eggs by abnormal eggs during storage. Emerging detection technologies for abnormal eggs were introduced as an alternative to human inspection. The advanced technologies could rapidly detect abnormal eggs. Abnormal egg detection technologies using acoustic response, machine vision, and spectroscopy have been commercialized in the poultry industry. Non-destructive egg quality assessment methods meanwhile could preserve the value of eggs and improve detection efficiency. In order to improve detection efficiency, it is essential to select a proper algorithm for classifying the types of abnormal eggs. This review deals with the performance of the detection technologies for various types of abnormal eggs in recently published resources. In addition, the discriminant methods and detection algorithms of abnormal eggs reported in the published literature were investigated. Although the majority of the studies were conducted on a laboratory scale, the developed detection technologies for internal and external defects in eggs were technically feasible to obtain the excellent detection accuracy. To apply the developed detection technologies to the poultry industry, it is necessary to achieve the detection rates required from the industry.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of herbal medicine and other associated factors for abnormal liver function tests(especially total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ${\gamma}$GT) levels in outpatients at an oriental medical clinic. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on clinical records was conducted on 504 patients at one Oriental medical clinic in Seoul, Korea. They were tested a liver function tests for screening and 497 patients ranging from the age of 4 to 74 were chosen for the study. Patients with basal liver disease or DM were excluded during the screening process. Patients were classified into case(abnormal) and control(normal) groups by normal liver function test references. Results and Conclusions : In this study, Significant correlations for abnormal total bilirubin levels was age, for abnormal AST was gender, for abnormal ALT were gender, smoking, marriage status, and job, for abnormal ${\gamma}$GT were age, gender, obesity, alcohol, smoking, marriage status, and job using the Chi-square test(p<0.05). There was no significant correlations for abnormal LFTs by using herbal medication history, and intake duration. After controlling other covariates, logistic regression analysis showed that the significant associated factors for abnormal total bilirubin levels were age(odds ratio[OR]=0.87, 95% confidence intervals [CI]=0.87-0.99). For abnormal AST levels was obesity(OR=2.45, CI=1.2-4.9), for abnormal ALT levels were age(OR=1.01, CI=0.99-1.03), male gender(OR=3.31, CI=1.62-6.76), and obesity(OR=3.71 CI=2.28-6.08). For abnormal ${\gamma}$GT levels were male gender(OR=4.83 CI=1.34-17.43), obesity(OR=3.29, CI=1.74-6.22), alcohol (OR=2.51, CI=1.19-5.28), and smoking(OR=2.29, CI=1.16-4.50). Herbal medication history was not as a risk factor for all abnormal liver function tests. Therefore, people who are male, obese, alcohol drinker and smoker will have higher liver function test levels. But intake of herbal medication or the duration of intake may not be the risk factor for abnormal liver function test results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1427-1430
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• 2015

Aim: To compare prevalence of anxiety in women with abnormal cervical cytology (Pap) undergoing colposcopy to that of women attending the outpatient clinic for check-up and to examine predicting factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 100 women with abnormal cervical cytology (abnormal Pap group) and 100 women who attended our outpatient clinic for check-up (control group) were recruited from June 2013 to January 2014. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to determine anxiety in the participants with the score of ${\geq}11$ suggestive of clinically significant anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety and the mean HADS scores for anxiety were compared between the groups. For those with abnormal Pap, association between clinical factors and anxiety was assessed. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Median age was different between the groups, 44.0 years in the abnormal Pap group and 50.0 years in the control group (p=0.01). The proportion of participants who had more than one sexual partner was higher in the abnormal Pap group, 39.2% vs. 24.7% (p=0.03) and the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher 14/100 (14.0%) vs. 3/100 (3.0%) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of depression was comparable between the groups. The mean HADS scores for anxiety and depression subscales were significantly higher in the abnormal Pap group, 6.6 vs. 4.8 (P < 0.01) and 3.9 vs. 3.1 (p=0.05), respectively. For the abnormal Pap group, no definite association between clinical factors and anxiety was demonstrated. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in women with abnormal Pap awaiting colposcopy was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Special attention including thorough counselling, with use of information leaflets and psychological support, should be directed to these women.